Maryam Mehboob, a student at Punjab University Gujranwala Campus, discusses socialization across the life course in her document. She covers key topics such as the role of socialization, the self and socialization, agents of socialization, and socialization throughout the different stages of life. Regarding socialization across the life course, Maryam notes that it is a lifelong process and discusses functionalist, interactionist, and conflict perspectives on socialization in later life stages. She also examines anticipatory socialization, resocialization, and total institutions as they relate to changing social roles and contexts over one's lifetime.

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2. Hello!
Maryam Mehboob
Student of punjab university gujranwala campus
From IBA department
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3. Socialization
and the life
course

4. “I think when you are
younger, you need to
socialize and be with
people your own
age.
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5. Place your screenshot here
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6. Table of contents
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⬗ Socialization
⬗ Role of socialization
⬗ The self and socialization
⬗ Agents of socialization
⬗ Socialization across the life
course
⬗ Social policy and socialization

7. Socialization
Process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, language,
social skills and values to conform to the norms and roles
required for integration into a society .
Example:
A baby learns language, norms and values to survive in his
society as he grows up.
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8. Organizational Socialization
The process through which a new employee “learns the ropes”
by becoming sensitive to the explicit and implicit norms and
rules of behavior.
Example:
training provided to the new employees
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9. 1. Role of
socialization
Let’s start with contents of it.

10. Role of socialization
⬗ Environment: The impact of isolation
Isabelle and genie: two cases
Primate studies
⬗ The Influence of Heredity
Studies of Identical Twins
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11. Role of socialization
⬗Socialization: Lifelong process in which people learn
appropriate attitudes, values, and behaviors
⬗Nature vs. nurture
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12. Social Environment: The impact of Isolation
⬗Early socialization experiences in normal environments are
important.
⬗ Caregivers should be concerned with children social needs
in addition their physical needs.
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13. Isabelle and genie: two cases
⬗Importance of earliest
socialization experiences for children
⬗Sociologists developed a systematic
training program to help Isabelle adapt
to human relationships and
socialization
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14. Primate studies
⬗Harry Harlow conducted tests with
rhesus monkeys that had been raised
away from their mothers and away from
the contact with other monkeys.
⬗Harlow showed isolation had
damaging effect on monkeys
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15. The influence of Heredity
Studies of Identical Twins
⬗ Intelligence tests show similar scores
when twins are reared apart in roughly similar
social settings.
⬗ Intelligence tests show quite different
scores when twins are reared apart in
dramatically different social settings.
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16. 2. The Self &
Socialization
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17. What is self?
⬗George Herbert mead, sociologist recognize the
concept of self.
⬗Self is a distinct identity that sets us apart from
others. It is not a static phenomenon it continues to
develop and changes throughout lives.
⬗There are two approaches of self:
 Sociological approach
 Psychological approach
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18. Sociological approach to self
⬗There are four sociological approaches of self which are:
 Cooley: Looking-Glass Self
 Mead: The Stages of Self
 Mead: the theory of self
 Goffman: presentation of the self
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19. 1. Cooley: Looking- glass self
⬗In early 1900’s, Charles Horton
Cooley advanced the belief that we
learn who we are by interacting with
other’s a phenomenon he called the
“looking-glass self”.
⬗Self identity or self concept
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20. 2. Mead: The stages of self
⬗ George Herbert Mead developed a useful
model of the process by which the self
emerges, through three different stages:
1. Preparatory stage
2. Play stage
3. Game stage
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21. The preparatory stage
⬗Children imitate the people around them, especially family
members with whom they continually interact.
⬗As they grow older, children become more adept at using symbols
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22. The play stage
⬗ Children develop skill in
communicating through symbols and
role taking occurs
⬗Role taking:
Process of mentally assuming
perspective of another and
responding from that imagined
viewpoint.
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23. The game stage
⬗Children of about 8 or 9 consider several actual tasks and
relationships simultaneously
⬗Mead used the game of baseball as an example of this stage
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24. 3. Mead: theory of self
⬗Self begins as privileged, central
position in a person’s world
⬗As the person matures, the self
changes and begins to reflect greater
concern about reactions of others
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25. 4. Goffman: presentation of the self
⬗Erving Goffman has shown that in
many of our daily activities, we try
to convey distinct impressions of
who we are, a process called
“impression management.
⬗Dramaturgical approach
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26. Psychological approaches to the self
⬗Psychologists have also shared interest in the
development of the self.
⬗ -These psychologists include Sigmund Freud and
Jean Piaget.
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27. Sigmund Freud
⬗Self is a social product
⬗Personality influenced by others
(especially one’s parents)
⬗Self has components that work in
opposition to each other
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28. Jean Piaget
⬗He developed the Cognitive Theory of
Development, which identified four stages
in the development of the thought process:
- The sensorimotor stage
- The preoperational stage
- The concrete operational stage
- The formal operational stage
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29. 3. Agents of
socialization
Let’s start with the agencies of
socialization.

30. Agents of Socialization
⬗ People and group that influence our self concept, emotions,
attitude, and behavior.
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31. Agents of Socialization
⬗ Family
⬗ School
⬗ Peer Group
⬗ Mass Media
⬗ Work Place
⬗ Religion
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32. 1. Family
⬗The life long process of learning
begins shortly after birth. The
socialization that we receive in
childhood has a lasting effect on our
ability to interact with others in society.
⬗1st exposure to socialization.
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33. 2. School
⬗Secondary agent of socialization.
⬗A formal agency that teaches children values and customs of
larger society.
⬗Organizes social relationships.
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34. 3. Peer Group
⬗Young people associates with
others who are approximately
their own age and intersect who
often enjoys a similar social
status.
⬗ Such as group of friends at
school
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35. 4. Mass media & technology
⬗53 percent of all children ages 12 to 18
have their own television
⬗Television permits imitation and role
playing but does not encourage more
complex forms of learning
⬗Technology is socializing families into
multi-tasking as the social norms
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36. 5. Workplace
⬗Learning to behave appropriately within an occupational
settings is a fundamental aspect of human socialization
⬗Socialization in the workplace involves four phases
⬗Career choice
⬗Conditioning
⬗Anticipatory socialization
⬗Continuous commitment
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37. 6. Religion
⬗Religion plays a major role in socialization of most
Americans
⬗70% of Americans belongs to a local congregation and 2 in
every 5 Americans attend a religious service weekly.
⬗Religious especially influence morality but also ideas about
dress, speech and manners that are appropriate
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39. 7. State
⬗The state has usurped many of traditional family functions
⬗The state has reinstituted many rites of passage including
stipulating the ages at which we are permitted to:
 Drink
 Marry
 Drive
 Retire
 Vote
 Work overtime
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41. 4. Socialization
across the life
course
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42. LIFE COURSE
⬗Socialization= continues throughout the
life cycle
⬗Rites of passage= specific ceremonies
validating changes in a person's status
⬗mark stages of development in the life
course
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43. LIFE STAGES
⬗sociologists have moved away from identifying
specific life stages
⬗that we are all expected to pass through at
sometime.
⬗ less likely to following an orderly progression
⬗ Ex: think about your grandparents vs you
⬗most difficult socialization challenges= later in life
because the older we become the harder it to change
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44. FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH: Disengagement Theory
⬗society and the aging mutually severe
relationships - work/sports/out in society
⬗Emphasizes- passing social roles from
generation to another ensures stability
⬗if the elderly don't move “out of the
way”/step out of society the young will never
be able to move into their roles
⬗society segregates the elderly
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45. Symbolic Interactionist Approach: Activity Theory
⬗The elderly person who remains active/socially
involved will be best adjusted
⬗Same need for social interaction as any other group
⬗Aging citizens will feel satisfied only when they
can be useful/productive in society's norms -working
for wages
⬗Withdrawal is harmful elderly/ society focus on
contributions of elderly to the maintenance of society
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46. Conflict Approach
⬗goes against the disengagement suffers more when and
activity theory they become older
⬗Age=another factor of unequal sharing of power
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47. Feminist Approach
⬗Aging does not manifest itself the
same in all women. it depends on the
race, class and sexual orientation of the
women
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48. Ageism
⬗prejudice & discrimination against
elderly
⬗uneasiness of growing age
⬗double standard men gain status,
while women lose status
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49. Types of Socialization
There are two Types of socialization occurs throughout the life course:
1. Anticipatory socialization:
First time, you are introduce to a new culture/ setoff norms, usually
takes place in your younger years (school years)
 rehearse for future positions
 helps everything runs smoothly
2. Resocialization (opposite to anticipatory socialization)
Must unlearn former behaviour, this can occur if you assume new
social/ occupational positions or move to another region
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50. Total Institutions
⬗Perfect example of resocialization
⬗refers to institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's
life under a single authority
⬗provide for all the needs/cut off from society
⬗miniature society
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51. Goffman's four common traits of institutions
⬗All aspects of life occurs in the same place and under the control of
a single person (usually the highest authority)
⬗Any activities held within the institution are conducted in the
company of those at the same level/ circumstances. Grouped with
those at the same resocialization level
⬗The authorities make all the rules and schedule the activities
without asking the group (participants)
⬗All aspects of life are designed to achieve the mission statement of
the total institution Ex prison
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52. 5. Social policy
and socialization
Let’s start with the case study
about child care around the
world

53. Case study: Child care around the world
⬗ Introduction
⬗ The issue
⬗ The setting
⬗ Sociological insights
⬗ Policy initiatives
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Israel
Aisheh Eliza
Child care
centers
Socialization
outside the
home
Problem
Solution

54. Impact of socialization in workplace
These are the impacts of
socialization on human
relation in a workplace:
⬗Company culture
⬗ Motivation
⬗ Team building activities
⬗ Benefits
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55. Let’s review some concepts
Role of Socialization
How socialization affects the
persons? It is explained through
experiments of different
sociologists.
The Self and Socialization
What we are? How we interact with
others? The concept of self was
explained by three different
sociologists with proper stages.
Agents of Socialization
Who are involved in the circle of
socialization? From which we
learn about how to interact with
others.
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Socialization throughout
the life course
How we socialize in whole life
from younger to older? And kinds
of socialization.
Social policy
Case study about child care around
the world that we can socialize
children in an outside world.
Impact of socialization
on workplace
It affects the organization human
relations.and it have somebenefits
and drawbacks in the workplace.

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Thanks!
Any questions?