1. During Spanish colonization of the Philippines, there was a social hierarchy with the Principalia class at the top. They were exempt from forced labor and held political positions. 2. Below them were the Ilustrados class, composed of educated native Filipinos and people of mixed heritage. They were exposed to liberal Spanish ideals. 3. The Chinese made up the lower class, though some worked in retail. They were encouraged to adopt Catholicism and Hispanic customs. Overall social classes underwent transformations as Filipinos adopted Spanish names, architecture, cuisine, dress, and religion.

1. Social Statusduring Spanish Colonization

3. Were allowed to vote, be elected to public office and be addressed by the title: Don or Doña

5. Ilustrados- (Spanish for "erudite," "learned," or "enlightened ones"). constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century They were the middle class who were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals.

6. Composed of native-born intellectuals and cut across ethnolinguistic and racial lines 1. Indios - person of pure Austronesian (Malay/Malayo Polynesian) ancestry (natives)

7. 2. Insulares - Spaniards born in Philippines who took important positions in the Spanish government in the Philippines.

8. 3. Mestizos - Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino (Austronesian people/Malay/Malayo-Polynesian), or European or Chinese ancestry.

10. 4. Peninsulares, Spaniards who are born in Spain and took roles in the Philippines

11. The Chinese natives made up the lower half of the social pyramid Chinese expulsions were also carried out against the Chinese in 1755 and 1766, because of Spanish suspicion, but they were repealed in 1788 when the Spanish recognized the contributions the Chinese could make to the Philippine economy.

12. Many of the Chinese who arrived during the Spanish period were Cantonese, who worked as labourers, but there were also Fujianese, who entered the retail trade. The Chinese resident in the islands were encouraged to intermarry with Filipinos, convert to Roman Catholicism and adopt Hispanic names, surnames and customs.

14. Filipinos were obligated to adopt surnames like Rizal, Del Pilar or Luna althugh some ndigenous surnames like Mabini, Malantic, Dandan and Paganiban, were retained

16. Foreign Cuisines Spanish indigenized dishes like adobo, menudo, sarciado, puchero or mechado and the Chinise – derived noodle preparations Filipinized into pancitmalabon and pancitluglog

18. putongto hats.

19. Shoes and slippers as part of men’s fashion

20. Baroand saya for women developed into mestizadress

22. Fiestas during Holy Week, on Corpus Christi, and the feast day of the patron saint

23. Pomp and pageantry of the religious processions

24. Exotic Hispanic dances and music

25. Religious dramas of the sinakulo and the komedya or moro – moro