The document discusses the cultural changes and identity transformations in the Philippines due to Spanish influences, including changes in naming conventions, social structures, and religious practices. It highlights the limited intermarriage, the role of women in society, the introduction of Catholicism, and the evolution of language, education, and entertainment. Ultimately, it notes how these changes contributed to a broader cultural identity and historical narrative of the Philippines under Spanish rule.

1. CULTURAL CHANGES
AND IDENTITY

2. SPANISH INFLUENCES
•Clothing
•Cooking
•Eating Habits
•Forms of Amusements
•Spanish Words
•Christianity

3. CHANGE IN FILIPINO NAMES
•Before the coming of the Spaniards, Filipinos had no
surnames. Their names was taken from their physical
appearance or from any natural event or object.
•Governor – General Narciso Claveria issued a
decree in 1849 allowing the Filipinos to change
their surnames.

4. INTERMARRIAGE
•The Spaniards as a rule did not intermarry with Filipinos. There were
some exceptions which lead to limited intermarriages between
Spanish men and Filipino women.
•The child of a Filipino and a Spaniard was called Spanish Mestizo.
•Mestiza de Sangley – used to refer to children of a male Chinese
and a native woman.
•Indios or Indias – are those who belonged to the pure indigenous
stock.

5. SOCIAL LIFE
•Social life in Christian community during Spanish
times revolved around the church. Because the friar-
curate was all powerful person in the community.
•The fiesta was always in honor of the town patron
saints. Religious societies were very active in the
preparation for the fiesta and other religious event.

6. •Zarzuela – is a form of theatrical play that combined
dancing, acting, and singing, often with elements of
comedy and drama.
•Comedia – another name for moro – moro. A traditional
form of theater that depicts the battle of between
Christians and Muslims during colonial period to show the
triumph of Christians over the Moros.

7. AMUSEMENT
•Cockfighting – was the principal form of
entertainment of the Filipino men.
•Feodor Jagor – a German scientist, documented
that Filipinos used cockfighting as amusement and
as a form of gambling.

8. CHANGES IN CLOTHING
•The Barong or popularly called today as barong tagalog,
began to be worn at this time by the ordinary menfolk.
•Putong – the indigenous counterpart for male headgear or
hat.
•The women still wore their skirt or saya, the tapis, and the
patadyong. They learned to wear a camisa in a Spanish
way.

9. THE ANTILLEAN HOUSE
•This was either a rectangular or square house made
of strong materials such as narra, ipil, and molave.
The roof is either made of nipa or tiles. At the back
of the house was the azotea.

10. POSITION OF A WOMAN
•Their rights over property which they enjoyed during
Pre-Spanish times were curtailed.
•They could not sell the property they inherited from
their parents before their marriage without consent of
their husband.
•They should be very obedient to their husband.

11. •The friars taught them to prepare themselves for marriage,
which was thought to be the only function of women.
•They were taught prayers and how to behave in public.
•They were not taught how to be independent, how to help
their husbands in earning more for their family, how to work in
order to earn when their husband is sick, and how to think for
themselves.

12. COMMON RELIGION
•The Spaniards introduced Catholicism to the
Filipinos, who earlier did not accept the new
religion.

13. INFLUENCE OF THE SPANISH
LANGUAGE
•Many Filipinos who had contacts with the Spaniards
learned the language. Such contacts lead to
adoptions of Spanish word among many Filipino
languages.

14. PRINTING AND ENGRAVING
•The Dominicans introduced printing as they published the
first books in the Philippines Doctrina Christiana.
•Tomas Pinpin – Prince of Filipino Printers.
•Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay – a Filipino printer and a good
engraver. He engraved a map prepared by a Jesuit.
•Domingo Loag – also a printer and engraver. He printed
many religious dictionaries.

15. EDUCATION
•During the early period of Spanish rule, education was not
available to the majority of the Filipinos. However, during the
second half of the nineteenth century, primary and secondary
schools were opened to Filipino school-age children.
•Sciences courses were not taught as they should be.

16. IMPACT OF CULTURAL CHANGES
•The term Philippines originates from the Spanish name Las Islas
Filipinas, which was given by Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de
Villalobos in 1543.
•He named islands of Leyte and Samar after Prince Philip of
Spain, who later become King Philip II.
•Later, Las Islas Filipinas expanded to refer to the entire
archipelago.

17. •Education which was limited to a few, was conservative in
orientation and kept the majority ignorant for a long time.
•Intermarriage between a male Spaniard and a native
woman had further widened the gap between the Indios and
the non-Indios.