This document summarizes different types of social groups based on various classification schemes. It discusses groups classified by size, including dyads, triads, and groups of 4 or 5 people. Groups are also classified by their structure as formal groups, which have rules and regulations, and informal groups, which do not. Formal groups include voluntary, coercive, and utilitarian groups. Social groups are also classified based on the nature of social ties as primary groups with close personal ties and secondary groups with more impersonal ties. Finally, groups are classified based on social relations as un-social, pseudo-social, anti-social, or pro-social groups, and based on identification as in-groups, out-groups, or

1. Presentation title
Social groups and its types
Subject => animal behavior (ethology)

2. Submitted by
• Aftab Badshah
• Zeb ur Rehman
• Dawood Khan
• Yasir Khan
• Muhammad Atif
• Muhammad Usman
Submitted to
Mam Brekhna

3. What Is A Social Group
When two or more persons are in a state of
interaction, it can be called simply as group
or
a number of persons with the same goals ,
expectations , values who interact with each
other

4. Further Definition Of Social Group
• E.S Bogardus
A number of units of anything in close proximity to one another
• Ogburn & Nimkoff
Whenever two or more individuals come together and influence one
another
• Arnold Green
An aggregate of individuals which is organized and having common
interest and activities

5. Functions of a social group
• Defining boundaries
To identify who are the members of the group
• Choosing leaders
By nature , groups resolve the issue of leadership. A leader is the one who occupies central role or
position of dominance and influence.
• Making decisions
The combined aggregate of all the ideas , opinions and thoughts of members of the group over an
issue
• Setting goals
The common ambition of the group for which they strive to perform and achieve
• Assigning tasks
Each member of the group is assigned a task which he cares and look-afters and is responsible for
that
• Controlling members behavior
Behaviors of the members are continually controlled because deviant behavior of the members may
be dangerous and harmful and rather fatal to the group.

6. Essentials for a social group
• Collection of people
• Communication between the people
• Dependency among members
• Common identity
• Common feelings of unity
• Common certain goals
• Share norms and traditions

7. Types of social groups
Groups can be classified on several basis.
 size
Structure
Contact
Relations
identification

8. Types of group on the basis of size
On the basis of size social groups are classified by a German Sociologist
George Simmel
• Dyad
Contain two persons in the group. Establishes one relationship
• Triad
Contain three persons in the group. Establishes 3 relations
• Tetriad
Contain 4 persons. Establishes 6 relations
• Pentad
Contain 5 persons. Establishes 10 realtions

10. Social groups on the basis of structure and organization
• On the basis of structure & organization social groups are classified by
Dwight Sanderson
• Formal group
Posses rules, regulations, schedules, roles
• Voluntry formal groups
• Coercive formal groups
• Utilitarion formal groups
• Informal group
No rules and regulations. Free to do anything

11. Voluntary formal group
• People join of their own volition
• Person join the group by its own choice
• Free to join or withdraw from the group at any time
• Example is a company, job, organization etc

12. Coercive formal group
• Also called as delegate group
• Person join as a representive of a number of people
• Join the group for their own benefits or societal benefits
• Person either elected or nominated by some power
• Examples is the parliament

13. Utilitarion formal group
• Also called as involuntary group
• Doesn’t depend upon the person’s choice
• Not forced to join a particular organization but feel compelled to join
the group
• People join it to achieve their own goals
• Example is one’s family race,caste

14. Informal group
• Provide different but important things
• Provide relaxation and reduce stress
• Involve in fun activities
• Help keep people good social health and welfare
• Examples is the group of friends, family, passengers sharing a bus etc

15. On the basis of contact, social ties
• Classified by C.H Cooley
• Classified into
• Primary group
• Secondary group

16. Primary group
• Strong emotional attachment
• Small size and informal
• Stability
• Similarity of background
• Limited self interest
• Personal relationship
• Continuity of relationship
• Persist over extensive period of time
• Face to face interaction
• “ WE ” feelings
• Example = family, basket ball team etc

17. Secondary group
• Formal and impersonal relation
• Large in size
• Option of membership
• Less intimate and less sentimental
• “ I ” feelings
• Examples = political parties, business organization

18. On the basis of relations
• Classified by George hasen into
• Un- social group
• Pseudo-social group
• Anti-social group
• Pro-social group

19. Un-social group
• Live to themselves and for themselves
• Don’t participate in larger society of which they are a part
• Don’t mix up with other people and remain alone
• Examples= murderers, thieves etc

20. Pseudo-social group
• Participate in the larger society
• Participate only for interest and gain
• Don’t are for the greater good of the society
• Examples= politicians, feudals etc.

21. Anti-social group
• Act against the interest of society
• Destroy public peace and property
• Example= calling a strike by labor union, plans of political parties to
overthrow government

22. Pro-social group
• Antonym of anti-social group
• Work for the interests of the larger society of which they are a part
• Engaged in constructive activities and increasing welfare of the
society
• Examples= Volunteers, Edhi etc

23. On the basis of identification
• Classified by Sumner into
• In group
• Out group
• Reference group

24. In group
• Strong identification and loyalty with members of their own group
• The group by which an individual identifies oneself
• Embodies “ WE “ feelings
• Examples= family, tribe, sex, college, occupation, religion

25. Out group
• Contract between “THEY” and “WE”
• The group to which the people feel they don’t belong
• Examples= We are Muslim, they are Hindus. We are Pakistani and
they are Christians

26. Reference group
• People use as a standard in evaluating or understanding themselves ,
their attitudes and their behavior

27. In group
In group
In group In group
In group
In group
Out group
Reference group

28. any question ????