The document discusses how society is organized through social groups and structures. It defines key terms like social groups, social aggregates, social categories, primary groups, secondary groups, in-groups, out-groups, and reference groups. It also explains different types of social groups based on size, including dyads, triads, and larger groups. Finally, it discusses concepts like gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, social functions, and networks in describing how order is brought to human social interactions and society.

1. Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF THE CITY OF BATAC
ACTIVITY SHEETS IN UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
QUARTER 3 WEEK 6
HOW SOCIETY IS ORGANIZED
Most Essential Learning Competency: Analyze the forms and
functions of social organizations
Objective:
 explain on how society is organized;
 define what are social groups and social organization;
 identify the different types of groups in society;
 appreciate the importance of interactions in the society
Prepared by:
RAZELL ROSE G. RAMOS
Teacher II

3. How Society is Organized.
Social Groups
A social group consists of two or more people who interact with one another and who
recognize themselves as a distinct social unit. The definition is simple enough, but it
has significant implications. Frequent interaction leads people to share values and
beliefs. This similarity and the interaction cause them to identify with one another.
Social Aggregate
A social aggregate is a collection of people who are in the same place at the same
time, but who otherwise do not necessarily have anything in common, and who may
not interact with each other.
A social category is a collection of people that have certain characteristics or traits in
common, but they tend not to interact with each other on a regular basis. For example,
teenagers is a social category because they are all within a particular age range and
share certain characteristics.
Factors That Influence Groups
 Motivational base shared by individual
 Size of group
 Type of group goals
 Kind of group cohesion
Social Organization is a process of bringing order and significance into human social
life. It has its roots in social interaction.
Social structure is the organized set of social institutions and patterns of
institutionalized relationships that together compose society. Social structure is both a
product of social interaction, and directly determines it. Social structures are not
immediately visible to the untrained observer, however they are always present and
affect all dimensions of human experience in society. It also refers to independent
network of roles and the hierarchy of statuses which define the reciprocal expectations
and the power arrangement of the members of the social unit guided by norms.
Social Function
The term ‘function’ is often used, (in popular usage as well as in academic discussion)
in more than one sense. Hence, it is necessary to clarify and explain its various
connotations. As the eminent American sociologist, Robert K. Merton has explained,
the term ‘function’ is used in five major senses. First, it is used to refer to some public
gathering or festive occasion (e.g., “Republic Day function”, “the annual function of a
College” etc.). Second, it is used alternatively for occupation. Third, it is used to refer
to the activities of the incumbent of an office, as for example, one may speak of the
function of a bureaucrat. Fourth, it is used in a mathematical sense. For example,
when X is said to be a function of Y, it is understood that change in Y would lead to a
change in X Fifth, as used in sociology and social anthropology, functions are social
procedures or processes which help the maintenance of social equilibrium.

4. Types of Social Groups
Social Group Sizes
Social groups come in all shapes and sizes. You may have a small family and a close
group of friends, but I'm sure you know others who have a large family and a wide
group of friends.
Dyad
The most basic, fundamental type of social group that consists of only two people is
called a dyad. The relationship between the two people can be linked through romantic
interest, family relation, work, school, and so on.
Triad
If you add another person to a dyad, it becomes a triad. A triad is a social group that
consists of three people. This seemingly simple addition of just one person significantly
affects the group interactions and dynamics.
Larger Social Groups
As a group's size increases beyond three members, there are a number of trends that
emerge. The intimacy and loyalty of the members decrease as the group grows larger.
Because the relationships are less intimate, group members feel less obligation and
responsibility. The contribution of each member in a large group is less than it would
be in a small group. A larger group is also less likely to reach a consensus because of
the plethora of ideas and opinions. On the positive side, large groups do have more
stability because the group exists even with the loss of several members.
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft are terms coined by noted German sociologist
Ferdinand Tönnies over a century ago, to describe two concepts in social groups.
Gemeinshaft and Gesellschaft are loosely translated into “community” and “society”
respectively.
Gemeinschaft (community) Gesellschaft (society)
Characterized by:
 Emphasis on the togetherness of the
group
 The group being more important
than the members
 Strong communal relations
 Shared moral values and beliefs
 Weaker division of labor (less
specialization)
Characterized by:
 Individualism overriding community
 Contractual relationships over
covenental
 Stronger division of labor (more
specialization)
 Diverse social mores
Examples of gemeinshaft social groups
include rural neighborhoods, families,
tribes, garage bands, sports teams.
Examples of gesellschaft social groups
include corporations, diverse countries,
social clubs, universities.

5. Primary and Secondary Groups
Primary Group is a small, intimate and less specialized group whose members
engage in face-to- face and emotion based interactions over extended period of time.
(family, close friends, work-related peers, class mates and church groups)
Secondary Groups are larger, less intimate and more specialized groups where
members engage in an impersonal and objective-oriented relationship for a limited
time. (example: employees treat their colleagues as secondary group since they know
that they need to cooperate with one another to achieve a certain goal.)
In-groups and Out-groups
A self-categorization theory proposes that people’s appreciation of their group
membership is influenced by their perception towards people who are not members of
their group.
An in-group is a group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense of
identity. An out-group is a group to which one does not belong and to which he or she
may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.
Reference Group
A group to which an individual compares himself or herself. Such group strongly
influence an individual’s behavior and social attitude. It is considered a source of role
models since the individual uses it as a standard for self-assessment.
Network
Refers to the structure of relationships between social actors or groups. These are
interconnections, ties, linkages between people, their groups, and the larger social
institutions to which they all belong to. Modern societies feature more wide, diverse
and overlapping social networks than primitive ones.

6. Name: __________________________________________ Date: ________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Directions: Social Group
Identify the groups that you are a part of and assign this on the drawing below
according closeness.
Process Questions:
1. Who/ what group(s) is/are the closest to you?
2. Who/ what group(s) is/are farthest from you?
3. Are some group(s) that are connected with each other? What are they?
4. What are the factors that you consider when identifying a
group’s proximity to you?
ME

7. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Directions: Identification
Identify the different social groups under Column A whether it belongs to
primary group, secondary group, or reference group. Write your answers
under Column B.
Item
no.
Column A Column B
1. Schoolmates
2. favorite basketball team
3. childhood playmates
4. celebrities
5. doctor-patient
6. Family
7. research group
8. heroes
9. husband and wife
10. siblings

8. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Directions:
Think about your typical day as a learner; make a list of those people you
associate with from the time you wake up until you sleep. Use the table
given below for your answers.
Time of the
day
Name of the person
you associate with
His/her role in your daily activities

9. Name: _________________________________________ Date: ________________
Grade/Section: ___________________________________ Score: ________________
Direction: Upbringing
Identify one reference group that has influenced your attitude or behaviour,
and explain why it had this influence on you.
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Rubric
Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the
topic.
5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

10. Answer Key
Answers may vary
1. Secondary group 9. Primary group
2. Reference group 10. Primary group
3. Primary group
4. Reference group
5. Secondary group
6. Primary group
7. Secondary group
8. Reference group
Answers may vary
Answers may vary

11. References
Curriculum Guide – Core Subject Understanding Culture Society and Politics 2016
Curriculum Guide – Core Subject Understanding Culture Society and Politics 2016
DepEd.2016.Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Teacher’s Guide.
Department of Education.
E. Balena et.al.2016. Understanding Culture Society and Politics,Educational
Resources Corporation
Contreras et. al.2018. Understanding Culture Society and Politics. Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
Online Resources
Google Books .2019.Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective.
https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=euTEDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Microsoft Word. Sociology Section.
http://www.hopeschoolofleadership.org/uploads/8/6/4/7/8647749/sociology_se
ction_3.pdf
David Wu.2015. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft in Social Networks.
https://medium.com/@marksweep/gemeinschaft-and-gesellschaft-in-socialnetworks-
ef4805fd2bc0