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Social groups
The document explores the concept of social groups, distinguishing them from non-groups such as aggregates and categories of people. It defines primary and secondary groups, highlighting their characteristics and functions, and discusses various types of social groups, including expressive and instrumental groups, as well as in-groups and out-groups. Key characteristics of social groups include shared goals, interactions, group norms, and varying degrees of openness and voluntary participation.
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Social groups
- 1. By C.Settley Social Groups Study Unit 6
- 2. • Distinguishbetween the following non groups: Aggregate of people Category of people • Define a social group • Give a detailed explanation of various characteristics of the social group • Distinguish between primary and secondary groups under the following: Definition Examples Characteristics Functions Learning Outcomes
- 3. • Distinguishbetween the following social groups: Expressive and instrumental In and out Open and closed Vertical and horizontal Permanent and temporary Voluntary and involuntary Learning Outcomes Continued
- 4. What is your understandingof a social group?
- 5. Social Groups ASocial Group consist of a number of people among whom interaction takes place with a view to achieving a common ( or similar) goal. The interaction follows certain patterns and a group sentiment (awareness of similarity) and shared group norms arise among the members.
- 6. Group members - small group: +/- 20 members - limited entry/no limit Large group: > 20 members Interaction and patterns of interaction - presence of two or more people - dependent on one another - differs among groups - Wilson: group unity (solidarity) Characteristics of a social group
- 7. Common/similar groupgoals - interdepended - interaction - coordinated goals Group sentiment/group awareness - aware of membership - recognise themselves and others - sense of belonging Characteristics of a social group
- 8. Group norms - rules, conduct - developed over time - to ensure what is expected, is delivered - pressure - negative/positive sanctions Characteristics of a social group
- 9. Non Groups 1) Aggregateof people Shares an area No interaction No communication Do not act as a unit 2) Social Categories Selected on the basis of certain shared characteristics Common characteristic No intention of interaction
- 10. a groupheld together by relationships formed by family and environmental associations, regarded as basic to social life and culture Eg family, friends, love relationships Primary Groups Defined
- 11. Characteristics of Primary Groups Few members Face to face relationships Emotional security Constant contact Informal interaction Primary Group - A couple embraces one another in a personal, intimate relationship
- 12. a groupof people with whom one's contacts are detached and impersonal Eg classroom, place of employment Secondary Group Defined
- 13. Large insize Definite aims Voluntary membership Formal, indirect and impersonal relation Active/inactive members Formal rules Characteristics of Secondary Group
- 15. FUNCTIONS Primary Group Shapingof personality Nb group for individual- sense of belonging Fulfills psychological needs Spontaneity stimulus in the pursuit of interest Security agency of social control Secondary Group Created to carry out tasks Creates/maintain order Increases efficiency Wider outlook
- 16. Sense of belonging:Maslow’s hierarchy of needs! Characteristic and function of primary group
- 17. TYPES OF SOCIALGROUPS
- 18. EXPRESSIVE GROUP - Expressive tiesare social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. - Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth.
- 19. INSTRUMENTAL GROUPS - Social linksformed when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal - Purpose - Task group - Eg nursing professionals as they provide a task by caring for the patients
- 20. The in- groupand the out- group The in-group Symbols, names, slogans, clothing Self positive evaluation Mutual identification/loyalty Tend to compete Evaluation of social behaviour The out- group Opposite of the in- group Viewed as negative by the in-group Both groups use as reference
- 21. The in- groupand the out- group example ‘the in group identified at school level among kids VS the nerds’
- 22. Vertical and horizontalgroups Vertical groups Different social and economical classes Eg church Horizontal groups More or less the same financial, occupational social background Eg DENOSA
- 23. Permanent and temporary groups Permanentgroups Eg the family Long term existence Temporary groups Eg residence in a neighborhood who exist for a short while to form a pressure group Short term existence Group dissolves after request have been met
- 24. Open and closedgroups Open groups No limitations Any person can join Eg Facebook, Twitter Closed groups Limitations Requirements Eg SANC
- 25. Voluntary and involuntary groups Voluntarygroups Occupational groups, eg teachers nurses Made a decision Involuntary groups Not based on a decision Eg family
- 26. Appelbaum, R.P., Carr, D., Duneir, M., Giddens, A., 2009, "Conformity, Deviance, and Crime." Introduction to Sociology, New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., p 137. References