This document discusses social groups and networks. It begins by defining dyads as groups of two and triads as groups of three or more. George Simmel argued that group size affects how people behave in that group. Dyads are the most intimate as they rely on each other, while triads can have politics as a third person is added.
As group size increases, the number of relationships increases which can lead to problems. Networks are sets of relationships between individuals. Strong ties within a social network come from indirect connections, while weak ties provide new opportunities. Organizations are social networks with common purposes that distinguish members from non-members. Organizational culture and structure influence member behaviors and authority.
The document concludes
Authority & the State (Chapter 15 "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of authority and the state, looking at the impact they have on individual life and society as a whole, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
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"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 15
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*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Race and Society (Chapter 9, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the impact of society on race, racism, and racial equality, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
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"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 9
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Authority & the State (Chapter 15 "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of authority and the state, looking at the impact they have on individual life and society as a whole, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 15
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Race and Society (Chapter 9, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the impact of society on race, racism, and racial equality, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 9
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
Health and Society (Chapter 11, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the social issues surrounding health, wellness and access to healthcare, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
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"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 11
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
The Central Nervous System Center, P.L.L.C. (CNS Center of Arizona) seeks to promote patient-centered, comprehensive clinical care. CNS Center of Arizona pursues excellence in clinical and evidence-based initiatives in areas related to psychiatric disorders. Our services include psychiatric evaluation, medication management, and individual psychotherapy. Please contact us at (480) 367-1500.
Health and Society (Chapter 11, "You May Ask Yourself")Emily Coffey
A review of the social issues surrounding health, wellness and access to healthcare, particularly in America. Appropriate for 100-level sociology courses. If you like it, feel free to use it!
----
"You May Ask Yourself" second edition (2011), D. Conley, W.W. Norton - Chapter 11
----
*** This is only my "reworking" of pre-packaged PPT files included textbook published by W.W. Norton. Some materials copyright by W.W.Norton.
The Central Nervous System Center, P.L.L.C. (CNS Center of Arizona) seeks to promote patient-centered, comprehensive clinical care. CNS Center of Arizona pursues excellence in clinical and evidence-based initiatives in areas related to psychiatric disorders. Our services include psychiatric evaluation, medication management, and individual psychotherapy. Please contact us at (480) 367-1500.
The emerging field of computational social science (CSS) is devoted to the pursuit of interdisciplinary social science research from an information processing perspective, through the medium of advanced computing and information technologies.
How Social Media Affects Our Self-PerceptionBy Kelsey Sunstrum.docxadampcarr67227
How Social Media Affects Our Self-Perception
By Kelsey Sunstrum
Not long ago, a friend of mine deleted her Instagram account. I couldn’t understand why one would ever do such a thing, so I asked and her response caught me off-guard.
She deleted her Instagram because she felt herself becoming depressed by it. The pressure of taking the right picture, with the right filter, wearing the right outfit, at the right place, with the right people was too much pressure.
We are conditioned to project only our best, albeit unrealistic, selves on our social media profiles as a modern way of virtually keeping up with the Joneses.
Regardless of whether you realize it, you’re spending a great deal of time and effort on the creation of your digital identity. The molding of this alternate self depends heavily on how others are projecting themselves in these arenas as well. What happens to your ‘real’ self, then?
Enter ‘smiling depression.’
Smiling depression is a term used to describe people who are depressed but do not appear so. In America today, 6.7 percent of the population over the age of 18 suffers from major depression, and it is the leading cause of disability in the 15-44 age range.
If you were to meet me for the first time, you would be very surprised to learn I have major depression. It is second nature to me to put on a mask of a happy person. Not only do I talk with people, I’m often the loudest person at a gathering and can always find something to joke or laugh about. This is smiling depression.
Social media puts an interesting lens on the creation of the self, and how this construction affects our mental well-being. The ideal self is the self we aspire to be. My ideal self would be a 25-year-old successful freelance writer who lives in a perpetually clean house and who always takes the time to put on makeup before she leaves the house.
One’s self-image is the person we actually are based on the actions, behaviors, and habits currently possessed. My self-image would be of a 25-year-old freelance writer just starting her business in a house that’s mostly clean most of the time and who forces herself not to wear pajamas everywhere.
According to Carl Rogers’s theory of personality, every human has the basic instinct to improve herself and realize her full potential. Like Abraham Maslow, he called this achievement self-actualization. He believed this state was attained when the ideal self and the person’s self-image were in line with each other. This person would be deemed a fully functioning person.
Each of us carries what Robert Firestone termed the critical inner voice. It is a dynamic that exists within every individual that offers a negative filter through which to view our life. It is theorized that the voice is created at an early age during times of stress or trauma.
Social media is not only extremely pervasive, it is an activity in which you are expected to participate. Not all social media is Facebook and Instagram. Think LinkedIn, the.
Getting a job in 2016 is a multifacted endeavor requiting specific skills with old and new technologies. Learners today willhave 12-14 jobs in thei lifetime!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Social Groups
Social groups form the building blocks
for society and for most social
interaction.
The sociologist Georg Simmel argued
that the key element in determining
the form of social relations in a group
is the size of the groupthe size of the group..
2
3. George Simmel argued that without knowing aboutGeorge Simmel argued that without knowing about
individuals as personalities,individuals as personalities, we can makewe can make
predictions about the way people are going topredictions about the way people are going to
behave solely on the number of people in that group.behave solely on the number of people in that group.
4. Social Groups
Simmel emphasized, in particular, the differences
between social relations in a dyaddyad (group of two) and
a triadtriad (group of three or more).
DyadDyad is the most intimate form of social life because
the two members are mutually dependent on each
other – if one member leaves the group, the group
ceases to exist.
4
5. Properties of Dyads
• Most intimate
• Continued existence depends of the willingness to
participate
• Membership is voluntary
• Doesn’t need to be concerned about a third party
• Symmetry must be maintained
• Even if power is unequal
• Servant master relationship is an example
6. Properties of triads
The group itself hold the power – it will go on even
without you.
Secrets can exist
Politics exists – influencing people on a group level.
7. The Politics of Social Groups
When a third person joins a dyad, that person can
fill the role of:
mediatormediator – the conflict resolver.
tertius gaudenstertius gaudens — “the third that rejoices” the person
who profits from disagreement from the others.
divide et imperadivide et impera (“divide and conquer”) — the
individual who purposefully breaks up the other two.
7
8. Social Groups
What problems might you expect?
As group size increases, the number of
possible relationships increase — in a group of
three, three possible relationships exist, but in
a group of four, six possible relationships
exist.
8
9. Groups
Small groups:
Face-to-face interactions
Unifocal – there is one center of attention at a time
Lack of formal roles
Party
Face to face but multifocal
Potential for some formality
Large Group
Formal structure and status differentiation
Besides size, Physical space, pre-existing social relationships,
context
10. Group types
Primary GroupsPrimary Groups – socialization groups with limited
member and face to face interactions.
Secondary GroupSecondary Group – impersonal, affiliation is conditional
and instrumental as often a means to an end.
In- group versus out-groupIn- group versus out-group – relative power helps
define normal versus abnormal thoughts or behaviors
Reference groupsReference groups: relative concept for comparison e.g.
sports facilities for athletic teams of neighboring
universities.
11. Social Groups and
Conformity
The Asch Test is an experiment developed in the 1940s that shows
how much people are influenced by the actions or norms of a group.
11
12. From Groups to Networks
A social networkA social network is a set of relations — a set of dyads — held
together by ties between individuals.
A tieA tie is a set of stories that explains our relationship to the other
members of our network, while a narrative is the sum of the stories
contained in a series of ties.
12
14. From Groups to Networks
Embeddedness refers to the degree to
which ties are reinforced through indirect
paths within a social network.
14
15. The more embedded a tie is, the stronger it is.
In other words, the more indirect paths you
make to another person, the stronger the
relationship will be.
16. Mark Granovetter developed the concept of the
strength of weak tiesstrength of weak ties to explain that relatively
weak ties can actually be quite valuable because
they are more likely to provide new opportunities
than a strongly embedded tie.
17. Organizations
An organization is any social network that is defined by a common
purpose and has a boundary between its membership and the rest of
the social world.
17
18. Organizations
Organizational culture refers to the shared beliefs and behaviors
within a social group.
Organizational structure refers to the ways in which power and
authority are distributed within an organization.
18
20. Organizational Structure and Culture
“A Power Elite”
http://theyrule.net/
Interlocking Directorates
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xorqPUYu_SE&feature=related
Feminist Perspective
21. Interview, Duncan Watts
21
Duncan Watts describes his research
on the small world phenomenon.
From Groups to
Networkshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFK1bpQwHF4
22. Six Degrees of Separation
http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?
action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=18417083&m=18417060
23. Small World Exercise
Write down five friends or acquaintances who are
also students at the college.
Share lists with two people sitting next to them. Are
there any common names on the three lists?
Is it a “small world, after all”?
How technology has changed the size of your
social networks?
24. From Groups to Networks
A structural hole is a gap between network clusters (or even
between two people) that would benefit from having the gap
closed.
24
25. Facebook: The Entire Web Will Be Social
By Liz Gannes Apr. 21, 2010
Social plugins are little
widgets that bring Facebook
to the rest of the web. They
offer “instant
personalization”
Creates a persistent
relationship with you
around that content. Sites
give Facebook semantic
information around the thing
you liked — for instance, the
title, type, genre and city for a
band you like on Pandora.
27. Social Capital
Strength of Weak Ties
Social capital is a sociological concept which refers to the value of
social relations and the role of cooperation and confidence to achieve
positive outcomes. The term refers to the value one can get from their
social ties.
Weak ties may produce the most opportunity!
28. Structural Holes on the Net
diminishing the power of the middle man
A Personal Account
41. Organizations
An organization is any social network that is defined by a common
purpose and has a boundary between its membership and the rest of
the social world.
41
42. Organizations
Organizational culture refers to the shared beliefs and behaviors
within a social group.
Organizational structure refers to the ways in which power and
authority are distributed within an organization.
42
54. The Pitfalls of the Digital World
Communication gone wrong.*
*Although the following is a comedic exaggeration, employers and recruiters are recruiters are using
technology to make hiring decisions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0H5sn1CkAc&feature=related
55. Great Opportunities to Further Your CareerGreat Opportunities to Further Your Career
Through Social ConnectednessThrough Social Connectedness
Now WEB 2.0 offers the ability toNow WEB 2.0 offers the ability to
talk outside the usual channelstalk outside the usual channels
1. Personal Publishing (blogs)
2. Easy to create and edit websites (wikis)
3. Publish and share photos, video (Flickr, YouTube)
4. Lots of ways to share and collaborate
58. From embarrassing photos to drunken texts,
Facebook users are notorious for sharing too muchFacebook users are notorious for sharing too much
information.information.
Will that off-hand comment or picture affect your job
chances?
Source: http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/tech/Facebook-on-Location-with-McDonalds-93255279.html#ixzz0nWsYglsj
59. “The reality is that nothing on Facebook is really confidential.
Facebook is founded on a radical social premise -- that an
inevitable enveloping transparency will overtake modern life."
60. The Machine is US/ing UsThe Machine is US/ing Us
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE
61. dana boyd - Researcher at Microsoft Research New
England and a Fellow at the Harvard Berkman Center
for Internet and Society.
BoydBoyd’s Law:’s Law:
“Adding more users to a social network (site)
increases the provability that it will put you in a
awkward circumstance.”
62. Where and how you give up yourWhere and how you give up your
privacyprivacy
(anyone can badmouth you with the world and you may be helpless to stop it)
1. Messaging and online communication
2. Photo and video sharing sites
3. Giving reviews and opinions
4. Social bookmarking and tagging
5. Communities and groups
6. Virtual worlds and gaming
7. Collaboration and sharing
As groups grow, they become more stable at the cost of intimacy.
The more relationships there are in a group, the more likely it is that the group may be troubled by conflict or jealousy.
With his famous line study, Asch showed that if a majority of people agree on something, the minority will often go along, even if they don’t agree.
New technologies that offer social networking (like MySpace or Facebook) have made traditional social networks even more complex. One advantage of these technologies is that it is relatively easy to see some social networks. One disadvantage is that it is difficult to see the importance of the ties.
The more embedded a tie is, the stronger it is. In other words, the more indirect paths you make to another person, the stronger the relationship will be. Mark Granovetter developed the concept of the strength of weak ties to explain that relatively weak ties can actually be quite valuable because they are more likely to provide new opportunities than a strongly embedded tie.
Formal organizations have a set of governing structures and rules for their internal set-up while informal organizations do not.
Paul DiMaggio and Walter Powell are part of a school of thought called new institutionalism , which tries to develop a sociological view of institutions. They coined the phrase, institutional isomorphism . For example, if you wanted to create a new college, you might decide that in your institution, you don ’t want to give students grades. Instead, you want them to learn for the shear joy of obtaining knowledge. Unfortunately, though, if your students want to transfer to another college or continue on to graduate school, they need their transcripts with their grades. Because the environment is already firmly established, you’ll have to conform if you want students to keep coming to your college.
Watts talks about the "small world" phenomenon. Ask the class to summarize what he means by this and how it relates to networks. Suggest that each student write down five friends or acquaintances who are also students at the college. Ask the students to share lists with two people sitting next to them. Are there any common names on the three lists? Ask your students if it really is a “small world, after all”? Discuss how technology has changed the size of their social networks.
An example of this could be, suppose your friend needs a job and your mom is the manager of the local supermarket. There is a structural hole between them, but because you know them both, you can bridge that gap by mediating between the two parties. Photo Courtesy of AP Photo. Credit: Lauren Greenfield/VII
Formal organizations have a set of governing structures and rules for their internal set-up while informal organizations do not.
Paul DiMaggio and Walter Powell are part of a school of thought called new institutionalism , which tries to develop a sociological view of institutions. They coined the phrase, institutional isomorphism . For example, if you wanted to create a new college, you might decide that in your institution, you don ’t want to give students grades. Instead, you want them to learn for the shear joy of obtaining knowledge. Unfortunately, though, if your students want to transfer to another college or continue on to graduate school, they need their transcripts with their grades. Because the environment is already firmly established, you’ll have to conform if you want students to keep coming to your college.