it is help for 7th sem civil student for submitting ca

1. CAMELLIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NAME : DEEP HAZAM
ROLL NO : 23001321048
REGISTRATION NO : 212300101320006 (2021-22)
YEAR : 4TH , SEMESTER : 7TH
BRANCH : CIVIL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT : HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE
SUBJECT CODE : CE(PE)701 C
GROUP NO : 10
CA1

2. SLUICE GATE
Aim: To investigate the flow of water under a sluice
gate.
Objective:
• Observe flow patterns under a sluice gate
• Determine the relationship between upstream head and flow rate.
• Determine the discharge coefficient.
• Analyze and discuss about the results.
TOPIC : SLUICE GATE , FISH LADDER
Introduction: The sluice gate provides a convenient means of flow regulation.
A gate is provided with a lifting mechanism so that the aperture beneath it
may be set to any desired position. When closed, the aperture is sealed so
that no flow can pass through the gate.

3. .
THEORY
:
Sluice gate flow metering is often used to
measure flow rate in open channels.
Sluice gates are also often used to
modulate flow. The sluice gate flow rate
measurement is based on the Bernoulli
Equation and can be expressed as: 1/2 ρ
v1
2 + ρ g h1 = 1/2 ρ v2
2 + ρ g h2 (1)
Structure of sluice gate
Sluice Gate Structure - Sluice gates are special structures designed to adjust
the working flow, as well as for complete or partial cutting-off of fluid flow.
They are applied at pumping stations of treatment and sewerage plants, as
well as in the field of water supply and other process flows.

4. Benefits of a sluice gate
A sluice gate is a barrier which opens and closes. Its main purpose is
to control water levels and flow rates in rivers and canals. After the success
in the UK similar systems were sold in France and Germany.
Advantages of sluice gates
Advantages: The variable aperture size means sluice gates provide
excellent water level control. The simple design is low cost and low
maintenance. Disadvantages: Requires manual operation and manual
closure in floods.
Features of sluice valve
SALIENT FEATURES :
• Sturdy, Compact Construction.
• Non Rising Stem (NRSV) & Rising Stem (RSGV) constructions available.
• Size Range: 50 to 1200mm, Pressure Ratings: PN 10, PN 16 & PN 25.
• Vertical Stem & Horizontal Stem (subject to prior confirmation)
installations are possible.

5. Size is a sluice valve
The dimension of the sluice valve is
usually the same as the size of the main
valve that is up to a diameter of 300 mm.
For larger diameters, the size of the valve
is roughly two-thirds the size of the main
valves.
How thick is a sluice gate
Cast iron sluice gates provide the rigidity — minimum ¾” thickness on the
disc face — required to handle high heads and to resist deformation from
large floating objects and uneven mounting surfaces.
Mechanism of sluice gate
Sluice gate allows water/liquid to flow under it. It has three main parts
viz, moveable sluice gate, a guide-frame which is fixed in concrete to support the
gate, and lastly the drive mechanism. In some cases, sluice gate acts as a weir
when it is lowered to let water spill over the top

6. Apparatus:
 Flow channel.
 Sluice gate.
 Two depth gauges.
Restriction block for controlling the
downstream flow.
 Stopwatch.
Procedure:
1)Adjust the vertical position of the sluice gate so that the bottom of the gate
is the desired distance b, above the channel bottom.
2)Measure the width, b, of the channel (which is equal to the width of the gate).
3)Turn on the pump and adjust the control valve to produce the desired water
depth upstream of the sluice gate.
4)Insert a float into the water upstream of the gate and measure the water
velocity, V 1 by recording the time t; it takes the float to travel a distance L. That is,
use a point gauge to measure the water depth, upstream of the gate.
5)Adjust the control valve to produce various water depths upstream of the
gate and repeat the measurements.

7. .

8. FISH LADDER
Flish Ladder : A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish pass, fish steps,
or fish cannon is a structure on or around artificial and natural barriers (such
as dams, locks and waterfalls) to facilitate diadromous fishes'
natural migration as well as movements of potamodromous species.[1] Most
fishways enable fish to pass around the barriers by swimming and leaping up a
series of relatively low steps (hence the term ladder) into the waters on the
other side. The velocity of water falling over the steps has to be great enough
to attract the fish to the ladder, but it cannot be so great that it washes fish
back downstream or exhausts them to the point of inability to continue their
journey upriver.
Fish ladder function
A fish ladder is a structure that allows migrating fish passage over or around
an obstacle on a river. Fish ladder near the south shore of Long Island,
where recorded Alewive migration was occurring. The survival of many fish
species depends on migrations up and down rivers.

9. Fish ladder in the gravity dam
A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish pass, fish steps, or fish
cannon is a structure on or around artificial and natural barriers (such
as dams, locks and waterfalls) to facilitate diadromous fishes' natural
migration as well as movements of potamodromous species.
Flow rate of a fish ladder
The fish ladders prototypes are considered to have the flow rates in
the range of (0.04 ÷ 0.4) m3/s, which is specific for the RoR SHPs.
Maximum velocity in the fish ladder
The slope of the fish ladder should not be steeper than 1: 10 so that
velocity of flow in it does not exceed 2 m/sec. To exercise effective
control on the flow through the fish ladder, grooved gates should be
provided on U/S and D/S ends.

10. Fish ladder in dam in India
Fish Ladders are small elevated steps or passes made in dams, with water
releases to enable fish to migrate in the upstream (or downstream) of the
dam. This upstream migration is a part of the reproductive cycle of many
fish, like Hilsa and Mahseer in India.
The function of fish ladder in diversion head work
It helps in controlling the silt entry into
the canal. It scours the silt deposited on
the river bed above the approach channel.
It passes the low floods without dropping
the shutter of the main weir. It preserves
a clear and defined river channel
approaching the regulator.

11. Thank You
Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent each year on improving
fish ladders, hatchery programs, trucking and barging fish to get
around the dam system, but it hasn't been enough.