1) Living things can be found everywhere on Earth, including in the air, water, soil, trees, homes, and inside other organisms.
2) Students are asked to observe and record the names of organisms around them and ones they know of but may not be present, like crocodiles.
3) Organisms are classified based on whether they live in the air, water, or on land. Birds and insects live in the air while fish and aquatic animals live in water.
This is a propgram prepared for OSU Master Gardeners in Josephine County Oregon highlighting plants native to that area that are recommended for home gardens
School Project / ppt presentation / Powerpoint /English Projectanushkaa3604
This is a school project for class 8 on the Chapter The Desert.People can feel free to use this presentation for any purpose.you can even use our text.
Gardening with native plants, especially for Oregon gardeners, with tips on why we garden with natives, some garden examples and approaches, and recommended plants for various kinds of gardens.
Many gardeners want to know how to incorporate Oregon native plants into their existing gardens. This presentation was created for the St. Paul Garden Club, but the information is relevant to many gardeners in the region.
This is a propgram prepared for OSU Master Gardeners in Josephine County Oregon highlighting plants native to that area that are recommended for home gardens
School Project / ppt presentation / Powerpoint /English Projectanushkaa3604
This is a school project for class 8 on the Chapter The Desert.People can feel free to use this presentation for any purpose.you can even use our text.
Gardening with native plants, especially for Oregon gardeners, with tips on why we garden with natives, some garden examples and approaches, and recommended plants for various kinds of gardens.
Many gardeners want to know how to incorporate Oregon native plants into their existing gardens. This presentation was created for the St. Paul Garden Club, but the information is relevant to many gardeners in the region.
Read Full Post here: https://bit.ly/2ImY8S9 and also get complete worksheets, Notes and lesson plan.
What is Sense?
Sense is an interaction between a stimulus and a response. For example- Have you ever touched a hot vessel? what happens then?
Do you know the different types of senses?
They are sight, hearing, Touch, Taste and smell. Do you know that animals have stronger senses than us?
For example- Have you seen a shoot up the ears when you walk past it, have you seen ants moving in a straight line.
How they could see from hundreds of meters height. because Eagles, vultures can see four times further than we can. if you can see after two meters away. then they can see up to eight meters.
Why do the dogs shoot up its ears when you walk past it?
The dogs hearing is very sharp therefore it can hear you even if he is sleeping so for a hearing is its super sense.
What about the mosquitoes? how could the mosquitoes find you? sometimes it manages to sneak into your blanket – how does it know you are there?
A can smell you. they can find you by the smell of your body, the soles of your feet So, for a smell is its super sense.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
Slm
1. Introduction
Living thing are found everywhere on earth - On land in water, in the
air under soil and logs in grass, on the tree ,in homes and also inside
us.
Now get out from the classroom and note down the names of organisms
found around you
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Now write down the names of the organism which are not found
around you but you known know them like crocodile
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Now classify those the both types of the organism in the following
table
Flying live element in
the air
Live element swimming
in the water
Live element living
on the earth
Note:
bony animals which fly in the air are known as avions
animals living in the water are known as aquatic animals
animals living on the land are known as terrestrial animals
2. animal which can live on land as well on water are called as
amphibians
name some amphibians
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living organism cannot live in isolation they need food and other
material from their surroundings to survival. Their survival are also
dependent on how they able to protect themselves from their natural
predator
define some important terms related to adaption which you are all
already studied
environment_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
biotic environment
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
abiotic environment
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
habitat___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Nature has kept some animals on land and kept some flying in the air
Can we live with the fish in water?
Frog can live in land as well as water how shall we classify them
3. Can we fly in the air with birds?
Every organism changes its structure according to its environment and
its requirement
CHANGES occurring in the structure of organism to cop up successfully
with changing environment are called adaption
Link up the dotted line in the following picture and which type of
shape is formed see that
All fishes or aquatic animals have such type of shape. They are narrow
at its anterior and posterior ends and swollen in the middle region.
This type of shape is called aerodynamics shapes, which helps the
animal to swim by reducing the resistance of water and thus they can
swim very swiftly in the water.
You may have seen the shape of a boat and a steamer. What are the
similarities between the shapes of boat and fish? Why? Discuss it and
note down
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Thus, shape of a fish is its adaption to live in water. The body of the
fish is covered by smooth and sticky scales made up of wax, hence the
body of fish never becomes wet or decay even if it lives in water. Thus
one cannot live in water if only he knows swimming there are certain
other adaption found in the fish we shall understand them with the
help of following picture
Now tell me that what are the adaption have fish made to let them live
in water?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Now tell that fishes posses which organ in the place of nose ?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Write any two aquatic animals
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Now compare anyone aquatic animal with fish
Now we move on to aerial adaption that is bird
5. The forelimb of the bird
are modified into wings to fly
The bones, forming the
skeleton are spongy and light in
weight to reduce the body
They can fly easily in the
air due to their special type of
shapes.
Tail is useful to balance
the body
They fill their air sac with air before flying, which help them in
their flight. Birds possess such nine air sacs.
Moreover bird shows variations in their habitat and food. This is also
one type of adaptions the beaks of birds are so well transformed in such
way that to adapted to surrounding environment.
6. we have understand the adaption of aquatic animals and avions but if
you look at the animals. But if you look at the animals surroundings
you will find many variations among them
make the list of the terrestrial animals and write down in the
following tables
Name of
animal
Living on
tree
Living in
hole
Living on
land
Domestic
animals
Animals on tree
Animals living on the tree are known as arboreal. E.g Squirrel garden
lizard and monkey
the feature of animal who live on tree
They have a long thin whip like tail their tail is useful to
twine around the twing of tree
While tongue is useful to catch insects(if they he long stricky
tongue then)
They have two independent eyes on both sides
7. Some of animals changes their color according to the
surrounding
BURROWING ANIMALS
RAT SNAKE
SCREW
( chhachhuder)
DESERT ANIMALS
Water scarcity ,less number of tree and sandy soil are thye
characteristic of a desert. Climate is very hot there.Animal livees there
show many adaption due to these reason
8. xerophytes grow in the desert where less availability
in least amount and climates is very hot. ROOT SYSTEM of this
types of plants is well developed and reaches to deep layer of soils
to absorb the water .SHOOT SYSTEM leaves are reduced to the
spines like structure .and stem become fleshly to store the water
and food
Some plants can
survive in very less
availability of water,
these are called
xerophytes
Some plants grows
only in water. They
require no land to
germinate. these
plants are called
hydrophytes
Some plants require
adequate amount of
water. These are types
of plants are known as
mesophytes
E.g.Zizpyhus,
Calotropis,
Acacia(babul)
E.G. Lotus, Typha,
Water chesnut(Trapa)
Money plant
E.G. Neem, VInca,
Mango tree
9. hydrophytes their leaves never decay even though
remain in the water. ROOT SYSTEM is very poorly developed as water
is available in sufficient quality SHOOT SYSTEM their stem is hollow
,thin, weak so that they can move with water current
mesophytes ROOT SYSTEM is well developed . SHOOT
SYSTEM here stem are branched and stomata are found on the both
side of leaf for means of transpiration
If More amount of water available then plant die due to
decaying
If less amount of water available then the plant die due to
heat
QUESTION
Q1) What are the adaption feature of a camel
Q2) What are the adaption feature of aquatic plant
Q3) What are difference between mesophyte and hydrophytes
Q4) what are feature of animal who live on tree