This document discusses journal bearings and lubrication. It begins by defining hydrodynamic lubrication and types of journal bearings such as full, partial, and fitted. It then covers lubrication mechanisms like hydrodynamic, hydrostatic, and boundary lubrication. Finally, it discusses lubrication principles, terminology used in journal bearings, common bearing materials and their properties, and types of loads carried by different bearings.
Rolling element bearings transmit loads through rolling contact and provide lower coefficients of friction than sliding contact bearings. They are composed of an inner race, outer race, rolling elements (balls or rollers), and a cage. Ball bearings are further classified as deep groove, angular contact, or filled notch types. Roller bearings use cylindrical or tapered rollers and have higher load capacity than ball bearings. Bearing life is rated based on the number of revolutions or hours it can operate before spalling or pitting failure occurs, with an L10 life rating meaning 10% of tested bearings will fail by that point.
Definition, Use, Types of beariings, Types of Journal bearing, Materials for journal bearing, Failures of journal bearing, Design terms for journal bearing, Types of roller contact bearing, applications of roller contact bearing, Designation of roller contact bearing, Design terms for roller contact bearing, comparison between journal and roller bearings, characteristics of bearings, selection procedure of bearings
This document discusses bearings and lubrication. It describes the main functions of bearings as supporting rotating shafts to transmit power and reduce friction. There are two main types of bearings: rolling contact bearings, which transfer load through rolling elements like balls and rollers; and journal or sleeve bearings, which transfer load through a thin film of lubricant. Key considerations in bearing selection include life, speed, load type, and accuracy requirements. Common bearing types are described like ball, roller, tapered, and thrust bearings. Proper lubrication and factors like bearing load and speed determine bearing life.
This document discusses bearings and their functions. It describes how bearings support rotating shafts and reduce friction to allow for smooth rotation. There are two main types of bearings - plain/slider bearings which have a large contact area and high friction, and rolling/ball bearings which have less contact area and lower rolling friction. Ball and roller bearings are further described as having races, balls/rollers, and a cage that separates the balls to reduce friction. Common ball and roller bearing types and their applications are also outlined.
The document discusses various types of shafts and shaft couplings. It provides information on shaft materials, sizing, layout and design considerations. Regarding couplings, it describes rigid couplings like sleeve, flange and marine couplings. It also discusses flexible bush pin couplings. Key points covered include shaft material selection, stress analysis for sizing, deflection requirements, coupling design for strength, rigidity and alignment between connected shafts. Common shaft and coupling types, their designs and applications are explained.
Bearing Description about basic, types, failure causesPankaj
This document discusses different types of bearings. It begins by defining a bearing as a device that allows constrained relative motion between two parts, typically rotation or linear movement. It then classifies bearings based on the motions they allow and their principle of operation. The document goes on to describe various types of bearings in detail, including ball bearings, roller bearings, thrust bearings, tapered roller bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings. It provides information on the characteristics, advantages, applications, and physical features of each bearing type.
This document provides an introduction to sliding contact bearings. It discusses the basic functions and applications of bearings, and classifications of bearings based on load direction and contact type. Specifically, it covers radial and thrust bearings, and sliding and rolling contact bearings. It describes the components, operation, and types of sliding contact or plain bearings, including journal, slipper, and thrust bearings. Key terms related to hydrodynamic journal bearings like diametral clearance are also defined.
Rolling element bearings transmit loads through rolling contact and provide lower coefficients of friction than sliding contact bearings. They are composed of an inner race, outer race, rolling elements (balls or rollers), and a cage. Ball bearings are further classified as deep groove, angular contact, or filled notch types. Roller bearings use cylindrical or tapered rollers and have higher load capacity than ball bearings. Bearing life is rated based on the number of revolutions or hours it can operate before spalling or pitting failure occurs, with an L10 life rating meaning 10% of tested bearings will fail by that point.
Definition, Use, Types of beariings, Types of Journal bearing, Materials for journal bearing, Failures of journal bearing, Design terms for journal bearing, Types of roller contact bearing, applications of roller contact bearing, Designation of roller contact bearing, Design terms for roller contact bearing, comparison between journal and roller bearings, characteristics of bearings, selection procedure of bearings
This document discusses bearings and lubrication. It describes the main functions of bearings as supporting rotating shafts to transmit power and reduce friction. There are two main types of bearings: rolling contact bearings, which transfer load through rolling elements like balls and rollers; and journal or sleeve bearings, which transfer load through a thin film of lubricant. Key considerations in bearing selection include life, speed, load type, and accuracy requirements. Common bearing types are described like ball, roller, tapered, and thrust bearings. Proper lubrication and factors like bearing load and speed determine bearing life.
This document discusses bearings and their functions. It describes how bearings support rotating shafts and reduce friction to allow for smooth rotation. There are two main types of bearings - plain/slider bearings which have a large contact area and high friction, and rolling/ball bearings which have less contact area and lower rolling friction. Ball and roller bearings are further described as having races, balls/rollers, and a cage that separates the balls to reduce friction. Common ball and roller bearing types and their applications are also outlined.
The document discusses various types of shafts and shaft couplings. It provides information on shaft materials, sizing, layout and design considerations. Regarding couplings, it describes rigid couplings like sleeve, flange and marine couplings. It also discusses flexible bush pin couplings. Key points covered include shaft material selection, stress analysis for sizing, deflection requirements, coupling design for strength, rigidity and alignment between connected shafts. Common shaft and coupling types, their designs and applications are explained.
Bearing Description about basic, types, failure causesPankaj
This document discusses different types of bearings. It begins by defining a bearing as a device that allows constrained relative motion between two parts, typically rotation or linear movement. It then classifies bearings based on the motions they allow and their principle of operation. The document goes on to describe various types of bearings in detail, including ball bearings, roller bearings, thrust bearings, tapered roller bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings. It provides information on the characteristics, advantages, applications, and physical features of each bearing type.
This document provides an introduction to sliding contact bearings. It discusses the basic functions and applications of bearings, and classifications of bearings based on load direction and contact type. Specifically, it covers radial and thrust bearings, and sliding and rolling contact bearings. It describes the components, operation, and types of sliding contact or plain bearings, including journal, slipper, and thrust bearings. Key terms related to hydrodynamic journal bearings like diametral clearance are also defined.
This document discusses the design of journal bearings. It begins by introducing journal bearings and how they operate by allowing sliding along a circular surface to handle radial loads. It then describes the different types of journal bearings according to their angle of contact and lubricating layer thickness. The document outlines the materials commonly used for journal bearings and defines important terms in hydrodynamic journal bearings. It presents two main design methods - the M.D. Hersey method and the A.A. Raimondi and J. Boyd method - and provides overviews of the steps and considerations involved in each.
1. The document discusses sliding contact bearings, which use a layer of lubricant like oil or grease to reduce friction and wear between moving machine elements.
2. Applications include concrete mixers, turbines, motors, and engine crankshafts. Advantages are simple design, compact size, low cost, and good shock resistance, while disadvantages include higher friction losses and need for good lubrication.
3. Bearings are classified by the direction of load (radial or thrust) and the type of contact (sliding or rolling). Sliding contact bearings use layers of materials like babbit metal, bronze, cast iron, or non-metallic alternatives between surfaces.
This document provides information on bearings, including their history, classification, materials used, lubrication types, and design procedures. It discusses how bearings are designed to reduce friction, carry loads, and guide moving parts. The key types are described as radial or thrust bearings, and sliding or rolling contact bearings. Common materials include babbitt metals, bronzes, cast iron, silver, and non-metallic options. Design of journal bearings involves calculating parameters like load capacity, pressure, clearance, heat generation and dissipation. An example at the end illustrates the full design process.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
Rolling contact bearings and design procedureJashavant singh
this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
This document discusses bearings, including their classification, types, materials, and load characteristics. It begins by defining bearings and their functions. It then covers classifications based on load direction and contact type. Various types of rolling contact bearings are described, including ball, roller, taper, and spherical bearings. Static and dynamic load capacities are discussed. Methods for calculating equivalent bearing loads and selecting bearings based on load and life are presented. The document provides a comprehensive overview of bearings and considerations for their selection and use.
Rolling contact bearings are called antifriction bearings because they have lower friction than sliding contact bearings. The document discusses the advantages and types of rolling contact bearings, including ball bearings and different types of roller bearings. It also covers standard dimensions, load ratings, reliability, materials used, and lubrication of ball and roller bearings.
lecture 4 (design procedure of journal bearing)ashish7185
This document provides information about the design procedure for sliding contact bearings. It defines key terms used in hydrodynamic journal bearings such as diametral clearance, radial clearance, eccentricity, minimum oil film thickness, and short/long bearings. It discusses bearing characteristic number and bearing modulus, and how they relate to the coefficient of friction. Equations are provided for critical pressure, heat generated in bearings, and heat dissipated by bearings. The design procedure involves selecting bearing dimensions, material properties, operating parameters, and verifying thermal equilibrium conditions.
Bearings are used in machines to allow rotating parts to move freely while supporting loads. There are two main types of bearings: sliding contact/frictional bearings which operate on sliding friction; and rolling contact/anti-frictional bearings which have rolling elements like balls or rollers to reduce friction. Rolling contact bearings can carry heavier loads than sliding contact bearings and have lower friction, but are more complex and expensive to manufacture. Bearings are classified based on the type of load they support, such as radial loads, axial/thrust loads, or combined loads. Common bearing types include ball bearings, roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, and needle roller bearings.
This document provides a classification of different types of bearings:
1. Based on the direction of load, bearings are classified as radial or thrust bearings. Radial bearings have loads perpendicular to the direction of motion, while thrust bearings have loads along the axis of rotation.
2. Based on the nature of contact, there are sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Rolling contact bearings use balls or rollers between elements and are also known as anti-friction bearings.
3. Journal bearings are further classified as hydrodynamic or hydrostatic based on their lubrication. Hydrodynamic bearings generate pressure from fluid wedging, while hydrostatic bearings use externally pressur
The document is a presentation on bearings created by Akash Panchal. It discusses the definition of a bearing, provides a brief history, and examines various types of bearings like ball bearings, roller bearings, plain bearings, and their functions. It also looks at bearing selection, arrangement, lubrication, and life calculation. The presentation contains several diagrams and is intended to provide an overview of bearings.
The document discusses gears and their classification. It defines various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack gears. It covers gear terminology such as pressure angle and describes how parameters like pressure angle and center distance affect gear performance and interference. Methods to avoid interference include increasing center distance, tooth modification, and changing the number of teeth. Backlash is also defined as the clearance between mating gear teeth.
The document provides information about designing and analyzing a cotter joint. It discusses the components of a cotter joint, including the cotter pin, socket, and spigot. It outlines various failure modes to consider in design, such as tensile failure of the rods, shear failure of the cotter pin, and crushing failure of the socket end. Empirical equations are presented for determining dimensions based on factors like applied load, material properties, and stress limits. Design procedures are described step-by-step, and examples are included to demonstrate applying the equations to size cotter joint components.
This document discusses different types of bearings used in mechanical engineering. It describes bearings as machine components that support another element and allow relative motion while carrying a load. There are two main types - sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Rolling contact bearings, also called anti-friction bearings, use balls or rollers between elements and have lower coefficients of friction than sliding contact bearings. The document further details types of rolling contact bearings like ball bearings, roller bearings, and their construction and applications.
,bearings ,function of bearing ,footstep or pivot bearing ,bush and direct-lined housing ,thrust bearing ,journal bearing ,ball and roller bearings ,types of rolling bearing ,sliding contact bearing ,applications of roller bearings
This document discusses different types of cams categorized in several ways:
(1) By shape - including radial, cylindrical, translation, conjugate, globoidal, and spherical cams.
(2) By follower movement - such as dwell-rise-dwell-return-dwell, dwell-rise-return-dwell, rise-return-rise, and dwell-rise-dwell cams.
(3) By follower constraint - including preloaded spring and positive-drive cams.
(4) By surface in contact - like knife edged, roller, flat faced, and spherical faced followers.
(5) By motion of the follower - translatory or oscillating.
(6
Gears are used to transmit motion or power from one shaft to another. There are several types of gears classified by their relative position of axes, velocity, type of gearing, and position of teeth. The main types discussed are spur gears, which have parallel teeth and axis and are used to transmit power between parallel shafts, helical gears which have teeth cut at an angle for smoother operation, rack and pinion gears which convert rotational to linear motion, bevel gears which change the direction of rotation by 90 degrees, and worm gears which transfer motion between non-parallel shafts. Spur gear terminology includes features like the top land, bottom land, face, flank, addendum, dedendum, space width
This document discusses various gear manufacturing methods including forming processes like extrusion, stamping, and powder metallurgy as well as machining processes like gear shaping, hobbing, and other gear cutting methods. Extrusion can produce gears of any tooth shape in high volumes but is generally used for smaller non-ferrous gears. Stamping is best for low cost, low precision production while powder metallurgy allows for customizable material properties and reduces machining. Gear shaping and hobbing are true generating processes that cut gear teeth through the motion of cutting tools. Hobbing produces the most accurate gears due to averaging of errors across multiple teeth cuts.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document provides information about the design of bearings. It begins with an introduction to bearings, describing them as machine elements that support moving parts. It then classifies bearings based on the direction of load (radial or thrust) and nature of contact (sliding or rolling). The document discusses types of sliding contact bearings like journal bearings and their materials. It also covers lubricants, terms used in hydrodynamic journal bearings, bearing characteristic numbers, and the design procedure for journal bearings.
A bearing is a machine element that supports another moving element, known as a journal, and allows relative motion between their surfaces while carrying loads. There are two main types of bearings: sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Sliding contact bearings include journal or sleeve bearings, which support radial loads and come in full or partial designs. Rolling contact bearings use balls or rollers between surfaces to reduce friction. Key considerations in bearing design include load capacity, friction, lubrication, and heat dissipation.
This document discusses the design of journal bearings. It begins by introducing journal bearings and how they operate by allowing sliding along a circular surface to handle radial loads. It then describes the different types of journal bearings according to their angle of contact and lubricating layer thickness. The document outlines the materials commonly used for journal bearings and defines important terms in hydrodynamic journal bearings. It presents two main design methods - the M.D. Hersey method and the A.A. Raimondi and J. Boyd method - and provides overviews of the steps and considerations involved in each.
1. The document discusses sliding contact bearings, which use a layer of lubricant like oil or grease to reduce friction and wear between moving machine elements.
2. Applications include concrete mixers, turbines, motors, and engine crankshafts. Advantages are simple design, compact size, low cost, and good shock resistance, while disadvantages include higher friction losses and need for good lubrication.
3. Bearings are classified by the direction of load (radial or thrust) and the type of contact (sliding or rolling). Sliding contact bearings use layers of materials like babbit metal, bronze, cast iron, or non-metallic alternatives between surfaces.
This document provides information on bearings, including their history, classification, materials used, lubrication types, and design procedures. It discusses how bearings are designed to reduce friction, carry loads, and guide moving parts. The key types are described as radial or thrust bearings, and sliding or rolling contact bearings. Common materials include babbitt metals, bronzes, cast iron, silver, and non-metallic options. Design of journal bearings involves calculating parameters like load capacity, pressure, clearance, heat generation and dissipation. An example at the end illustrates the full design process.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
Rolling contact bearings and design procedureJashavant singh
this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
This document discusses bearings, including their classification, types, materials, and load characteristics. It begins by defining bearings and their functions. It then covers classifications based on load direction and contact type. Various types of rolling contact bearings are described, including ball, roller, taper, and spherical bearings. Static and dynamic load capacities are discussed. Methods for calculating equivalent bearing loads and selecting bearings based on load and life are presented. The document provides a comprehensive overview of bearings and considerations for their selection and use.
Rolling contact bearings are called antifriction bearings because they have lower friction than sliding contact bearings. The document discusses the advantages and types of rolling contact bearings, including ball bearings and different types of roller bearings. It also covers standard dimensions, load ratings, reliability, materials used, and lubrication of ball and roller bearings.
lecture 4 (design procedure of journal bearing)ashish7185
This document provides information about the design procedure for sliding contact bearings. It defines key terms used in hydrodynamic journal bearings such as diametral clearance, radial clearance, eccentricity, minimum oil film thickness, and short/long bearings. It discusses bearing characteristic number and bearing modulus, and how they relate to the coefficient of friction. Equations are provided for critical pressure, heat generated in bearings, and heat dissipated by bearings. The design procedure involves selecting bearing dimensions, material properties, operating parameters, and verifying thermal equilibrium conditions.
Bearings are used in machines to allow rotating parts to move freely while supporting loads. There are two main types of bearings: sliding contact/frictional bearings which operate on sliding friction; and rolling contact/anti-frictional bearings which have rolling elements like balls or rollers to reduce friction. Rolling contact bearings can carry heavier loads than sliding contact bearings and have lower friction, but are more complex and expensive to manufacture. Bearings are classified based on the type of load they support, such as radial loads, axial/thrust loads, or combined loads. Common bearing types include ball bearings, roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, and needle roller bearings.
This document provides a classification of different types of bearings:
1. Based on the direction of load, bearings are classified as radial or thrust bearings. Radial bearings have loads perpendicular to the direction of motion, while thrust bearings have loads along the axis of rotation.
2. Based on the nature of contact, there are sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Rolling contact bearings use balls or rollers between elements and are also known as anti-friction bearings.
3. Journal bearings are further classified as hydrodynamic or hydrostatic based on their lubrication. Hydrodynamic bearings generate pressure from fluid wedging, while hydrostatic bearings use externally pressur
The document is a presentation on bearings created by Akash Panchal. It discusses the definition of a bearing, provides a brief history, and examines various types of bearings like ball bearings, roller bearings, plain bearings, and their functions. It also looks at bearing selection, arrangement, lubrication, and life calculation. The presentation contains several diagrams and is intended to provide an overview of bearings.
The document discusses gears and their classification. It defines various gear types including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears, and rack gears. It covers gear terminology such as pressure angle and describes how parameters like pressure angle and center distance affect gear performance and interference. Methods to avoid interference include increasing center distance, tooth modification, and changing the number of teeth. Backlash is also defined as the clearance between mating gear teeth.
The document provides information about designing and analyzing a cotter joint. It discusses the components of a cotter joint, including the cotter pin, socket, and spigot. It outlines various failure modes to consider in design, such as tensile failure of the rods, shear failure of the cotter pin, and crushing failure of the socket end. Empirical equations are presented for determining dimensions based on factors like applied load, material properties, and stress limits. Design procedures are described step-by-step, and examples are included to demonstrate applying the equations to size cotter joint components.
This document discusses different types of bearings used in mechanical engineering. It describes bearings as machine components that support another element and allow relative motion while carrying a load. There are two main types - sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Rolling contact bearings, also called anti-friction bearings, use balls or rollers between elements and have lower coefficients of friction than sliding contact bearings. The document further details types of rolling contact bearings like ball bearings, roller bearings, and their construction and applications.
,bearings ,function of bearing ,footstep or pivot bearing ,bush and direct-lined housing ,thrust bearing ,journal bearing ,ball and roller bearings ,types of rolling bearing ,sliding contact bearing ,applications of roller bearings
This document discusses different types of cams categorized in several ways:
(1) By shape - including radial, cylindrical, translation, conjugate, globoidal, and spherical cams.
(2) By follower movement - such as dwell-rise-dwell-return-dwell, dwell-rise-return-dwell, rise-return-rise, and dwell-rise-dwell cams.
(3) By follower constraint - including preloaded spring and positive-drive cams.
(4) By surface in contact - like knife edged, roller, flat faced, and spherical faced followers.
(5) By motion of the follower - translatory or oscillating.
(6
Gears are used to transmit motion or power from one shaft to another. There are several types of gears classified by their relative position of axes, velocity, type of gearing, and position of teeth. The main types discussed are spur gears, which have parallel teeth and axis and are used to transmit power between parallel shafts, helical gears which have teeth cut at an angle for smoother operation, rack and pinion gears which convert rotational to linear motion, bevel gears which change the direction of rotation by 90 degrees, and worm gears which transfer motion between non-parallel shafts. Spur gear terminology includes features like the top land, bottom land, face, flank, addendum, dedendum, space width
This document discusses various gear manufacturing methods including forming processes like extrusion, stamping, and powder metallurgy as well as machining processes like gear shaping, hobbing, and other gear cutting methods. Extrusion can produce gears of any tooth shape in high volumes but is generally used for smaller non-ferrous gears. Stamping is best for low cost, low precision production while powder metallurgy allows for customizable material properties and reduces machining. Gear shaping and hobbing are true generating processes that cut gear teeth through the motion of cutting tools. Hobbing produces the most accurate gears due to averaging of errors across multiple teeth cuts.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document provides information about the design of bearings. It begins with an introduction to bearings, describing them as machine elements that support moving parts. It then classifies bearings based on the direction of load (radial or thrust) and nature of contact (sliding or rolling). The document discusses types of sliding contact bearings like journal bearings and their materials. It also covers lubricants, terms used in hydrodynamic journal bearings, bearing characteristic numbers, and the design procedure for journal bearings.
A bearing is a machine element that supports another moving element, known as a journal, and allows relative motion between their surfaces while carrying loads. There are two main types of bearings: sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Sliding contact bearings include journal or sleeve bearings, which support radial loads and come in full or partial designs. Rolling contact bearings use balls or rollers between surfaces to reduce friction. Key considerations in bearing design include load capacity, friction, lubrication, and heat dissipation.
The document summarizes bearing design and types. It discusses how bearings support moving machine elements and allow relative motion while carrying loads. There are two main types of bearings: sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Sliding contact bearings include journal/sleeve bearings which support radial loads and come in full, partial, and fitted varieties. Rolling contact bearings use balls or rollers between elements to reduce friction. Common bearing materials include babbitt metals, bronzes, cast iron, silver, and non-metallics like carbon-graphite and rubber. Lubricants are also discussed including liquids, semisolids, and solids.
The document discusses belt drives and their components. Belt drives transmit power from one shaft to another using pulleys. Key factors that determine the amount of power transmitted include belt velocity, tension, pulley contact arc, and operating conditions. Proper shaft alignment and pulley spacing are important for uniform belt tension. Belts come in different types for various applications, from light drives transmitting small power at low speeds to heavy drives for large power transmission at high speeds. Common belt types mentioned are flat belts and V-belts.
bearing.pptx, type of bearing, selection of bearinghaymanot16
The document discusses the design of bearings. It begins by defining a bearing as a machine element that supports another moving element, allowing relative motion while carrying a load. It then classifies bearings based on the direction of load (radial or thrust) and the nature of contact (sliding or rolling). The main types of sliding contact bearings discussed are journal/sleeve bearings and slipper/guide bearings. The document also covers hydrodynamic lubrication theory and factors required to generate a thick oil film. Key assumptions in the hydrodynamic model are also summarized.
The document provides information on bearings for rotary motion. It discusses different types of bearings including radial bearings, thrust bearings, sliding contact bearings, and rolling contact bearings. It also discusses different classifications of sliding contact bearings based on load carried, lubrication, and lubrication mechanism. Common materials used for sliding contact bearings include babbitt metal, bronze, cast iron, carbon, rubber, wood, and plastic. The document concludes with an example problem demonstrating how to design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump.
This document discusses the design and classification of bearings. It begins by defining a bearing as a machine element that supports another moving element, allowing relative motion while carrying a load. Bearings are classified based on the direction of load (radial or thrust) and the type of contact (sliding or rolling). Sliding contact bearings are further classified based on the thickness of the lubricating film between surfaces. Common types of sliding contact bearings include journal, footstep, and thrust bearings. Properties of bearing materials and types of lubricants are also outlined.
Bearings support moving parts and reduce friction. The main types are plain bearings and anti-friction bearings. Plain bearings include bushings and journal bearings which use hydrodynamic lubrication. Anti-friction bearings use rolling contact and include ball bearings, roller bearings, and needle bearings. Each type has variations for different load types and applications. Proper lubrication, maintenance, and material selection are important for bearing performance and life.
Design of sliding_contact_wearing_unitiiibalram yadav
A bearing is a machine element which support another moving machine element (known as journal). It permits a relative motion between the contact surfaces of the members, while carrying the load.
The document discusses bearings, which are machine elements that support moving parts while allowing relative motion and transmitting loads. There are two main types: plain bearings, which use sliding contact, and antifriction bearings, which use rolling contact like balls or rollers to reduce friction. Key factors in bearing design include load type (radial or thrust), materials, lubrication method, tolerances, and life expectancy. Bearings must be designed to prevent overheating by sufficiently generating and dissipating heat from friction during use.
Sliding Contact Bearing Theory Prof. Sagar DhotareSagar Dhotare
In present ppt covers following points:
Introduction of Sliding Contact Bearings
Classification
Applications
Different lubrications systems
Hydrodynamic bearing concept and working
Comparison between sliding and rolling contact bearings
PETROFF’S EQUATION For Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
Dimensionless Parameters used in SCB
Design procedure for Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
The document discusses using ultrasound to monitor plain bearings. It begins by introducing plain bearings and their advantages over rolling-contact bearings, such as withstanding shocks and damping vibration. It then discusses using ultrasound to monitor three failure modes in plain bearings: normal operation, hard contamination, and oil starvation. Ultrasound readings can detect these failures by analyzing static ultrasound data across multiple measurement points on the bearing and looking at time waveforms. Ultrasound is presented as an effective technique for condition monitoring of plain bearings.
BHEL is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company in the energy and infrastructure sector. It was established over 40 years ago with its first plant in Bhopal, kickstarting India's indigenous heavy electrical equipment industry. BHEL caters to key sectors like power, transportation, and telecommunications. It has 14 manufacturing divisions, regional centers, and offices across India and abroad. Bearings are crucial components that support rotating shafts in machines. They experience friction which generates heat, so proper lubrication and cooling is required. BHEL manufactures various types of bearings used in products like turbines, compressors, and generators. Careful consideration is given to bearing design factors such as load capacity, clearances, and lubrication flow
In this PPT you will learn about Bearings, Its Types, Classifications, Uses, How to select them according to use with proper and neat Diagrams and pictures.
Antifrcition bearings and lubrication.pptxssuserf66787
This document provides information about antifriction bearings and bearing lubrication. It discusses how rolling bearings use balls or rolling elements to minimize friction between bearing rings. It also describes how grease and oil are used as lubricants, with grease being preferred for applications where continuous oil supply is not possible. Grease provides lubrication, prevents corrosion and seals out dirt. The document discusses EHD lubrication principles for rolling bearings and explains how grease properties and NLGI grades are selected based on the application and operating conditions.
This document discusses different types of bearings and their failure modes. It describes rolling contact bearings and their parts. Common failures for rolling contact bearings include wear damage, smearing, false brinelling, and corrosion. Cage failures include wear from contamination, tilting, and fractures. Sliding contact bearings are also discussed. Journal bearing failures like seizure, wear, oil whirl, and oil whip instabilities are explained. The document concludes by discussing research on air foil bearings which don't require external lubrication systems and their potential advantages and challenges.
Types of Lubrication Used in I.C. EnginesHitesh Sharma
Lubricants are substances that reduce friction between surfaces in contact. There are different types of lubrication depending on the thickness of the lubricant film between surfaces - hydrodynamic lubrication occurs when a thick, continuous oil film separates surfaces, boundary lubrication involves a very thin film where metal-to-metal contact can happen, and hydrostatic lubrication uses external oil pressure rather than relative surface motion to separate surfaces with a complete oil film. Special additives are needed for extreme pressure lubrication under very high pressures and temperatures.
This document discusses bearings and lubrication. It defines bearings as any support in direct contact with a moving machine part that is designed to minimize friction. The main types of bearings are described as anti-friction bearings, which provide rolling contact, and plain bearings, which have sliding contact. Anti-friction bearings like ball and roller bearings are advantageous because they have lower starting friction than plain bearings. Plain bearings can use materials like bronze and are simpler but have higher wear. Proper lubrication is also discussed, including different lubrication systems like oil misting which has advantages like lower temperatures and positive pressure prevention of contamination.
This document discusses bearings and their functions. It describes the main types of bearings as plain or sliding bearings, and rolling or anti-friction bearings like ball and roller bearings. Ball and roller bearings have less friction than plain bearings due to their design involving balls or rollers that provide rolling motion rather than sliding contact. The document outlines different types of ball and roller bearings, how they are constructed, suitable applications, proper installation and positioning of bearings, and techniques for adjusting axial play.
Unit 3 introduction to fluid mechanics as per AKTU KME101TVivek Singh Chauhan
strictly following syllabus of KME 101T of AKTU for first yr 2021
fluid properties, bernoulli's equation with proof and numericals , pumps, turbine , hydraulic lift, continuity equation
The document discusses beams, shear forces, bending moments, and provides examples of calculating shear force diagrams (SFD) and bending moment diagrams (BMD) for beams under different loading conditions. Key points:
- A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending.
- Shear force is the sum of all vertical forces acting on a beam section. Bending moment is the sum of moments of all forces acting on the beam section.
- SFD shows the variation of shear force along the beam length. BMD shows the variation of bending moment.
- Examples demonstrate how to calculate reactions, draw SFDs, and BMDs for beams with various
The document provides information on quality control tools and techniques including seven traditional QC tools (Pareto chart, flowchart, cause-and-effect diagram, check sheet, histogram, scatter diagram, and control chart). It describes each tool's purpose and methodology. For example, it explains that a Pareto chart identifies the most significant factors impacting a process, a flowchart provides a visual map of process steps, and a cause-and-effect diagram helps identify potential causes for an observed effect or problem. The document also provides examples and comparisons (such as the difference between a histogram and bar graph).
This document discusses principles of total quality management. It covers topics such as leadership and strategic quality planning, quality councils for employee involvement, motivation through empowerment and teamwork. It also discusses continuous process improvement methods like PDCA cycles and 5S. Quality circles and recognition/reward systems for employees are explained. The document also covers supplier partnership, treating suppliers as partners to achieve quality goals.
The document discusses concepts related to quality management. It begins with defining total quality management as applying quantitative methods and human resources to improve all processes within an organization. It then discusses dimensions of quality like performance, features, conformance, reliability, and more. The evolution of quality control is summarized, from individual craftsmanship to separate quality departments and statistical process control. Key contributors to quality concepts like Deming, Juran, and Taguchi are mentioned. Modern quality management focuses on continuous small improvements, team approaches, and total quality management with everyone responsible for quality. Quality by design aims to ensure quality is inherent in products and processes from the start. Control of purchased products includes evaluating suppliers, verifying capacity, and developing sources through
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
1. Journal bearing and
lubrications
What is the Principal of hydrodynamic lubrication ?
What is the meaning of Partial journal bearing?
Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Radial, thrust and hydrodynamic bearing
2. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
In previous video we have already learned about definition and advantages of sliding contact bearing. Let us
start with classification of sliding bearing
Sliding contact bearings are classified in three ways.
1. Based on type of load carried
Thrust or axial bearing
Radial- thrust bearing
2. Based on type of lubrication
Thin film or boundary lubrication
zero film lubrication
3. Based on lubrication mechanism
Hydrostatic lubricated bearings
Elastohydrodynamic lubricated bearings
Boundary lubricated bearings
Solid film lubricated bearings
Radial bearing
Thick film lubrication
Hydrodynamic lubricated bearings
3. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Based on type of load carried – We have already discussed about what is radial or thrust bearing in
previous video of rolling bearing.
(ii) Thrust bearing
Footstep or pivot bearing – In this end of the shaft remains in contact with the bearing.
Collar bearing – A collar fitted with the shaft remains in contact with the bearing.
(iii) Radial – thrust bearing – These bearings can
carry both radial and
thrust load.
Footstep bearing
or pivot bearing
Collar bearing
Single collar
bearing
Multi collar
bearing
4. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Based on type of lubrication- 1. Thick film bearings. - The thick film bearings are those in which the working
surfaces are completely separated from each other by the lubricant. Such type of bearings are also called as hydrodynamic
lubricated bearings.
2. Thin film bearings. - The thin film bearings are those in which, although lubricant is present, the working surfaces
partially contact each other at least part of the time. Such type of bearings are also called boundary lubricated bearings.
3. Zero film bearings. – The zero film bearings are those which operate without any lubricant present.
Terminology of hydrodynamic journal bearing - Let D = Dia of bearing, d = Dia of journal, and l = Length of bearing.
1. Diametral clearance- It the difference between the diameters of the bearing and the journal. c = D – d
2. Minimum oil film thickness ( h0 )- It is the minimum distance b/w bearing and journal, under complete lubrication. it
occurs at the line of centres as shown in fig. Its value may be assumed as c / 4.
3. Radial clearance- It is the difference b/w the radii of the bearing and the journal.
mathematically, radial clearance, c1 = R- r =
𝑫−𝒅
𝟐
=
𝒄
𝟐
4. Eccentricity- It is the radial distance b/w the center (O) of the bearing and the displaced
center (O′) of the bearing under load. It is denoted by e.
5. Attitude or eccentricity ratio- It is the ratio of the eccentricity to the radial clearance.
Mathematically, attitude or eccentricity ratio
5. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Based on lubrication mechanism -
1. Hydrodynamic lubricated bearings - already discussed in detail.
2. Hydrostatic lubricated bearings - Hydrostatic bearings are those which can support
steady loads without any relative motion b/w the journal and bearing. This is achieved by
forcing externally pressurized lubricant between the members.
3. Elastohydrodynamic lubricated bearings- This lubrication is the phenomenon
that occurs when a lubricant is introduced between surfaces that are in rolling contact, such as mating gears or rolling
bearing. Since the hydrodynamic film is developed due to elastic deflection of the parts so known as elastohydrodynamic.
Boundary lubricated bearings-
When the speed of the bearing is inadequate, less quantity of lubricant is delivered to the bearing, an increase in the bearing
load, or an increase in the lubricant temperature resulting in drop in viscosity – any one of these may prevent the formation of
thick film lubrication and establish continuous metal-to-metal contact extensively. Often bearings operating in such situations
are called boundary lubricated bearings.
5. Solid film lubricated bearings-
For extreme temperature operations ordinary mineral oils are not satisfactory. Solid film lubricants such as graphite,
molybdenum disulfide or their combinations which withstand high operating temperature are used. These types of bearings
are common in furnace applications, or trunnion bearings of liquid metal handling systems, hot drawing mills etc.
6. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Lubrication of bearing – it is the science of reducing friction by application of a suitable
substance called lubricant. Between the rubbing surfaces of bodies having relative motion.
Objective of lubrication – (i) to reduce friction (ii) To reduce or prevent wear
(iii) To carry away heat generated due to friction (iv) To protect the bearing and journal from corrosion
Classification of lubricants-
Modes of lubrication- Thick film, thin film and zero film. Thick film is further divided in two
groups hydrodynamic and hydrostatic lubrication.
Hydrodynamic lubrication – It is defined as a system of lubrication in which the load supporting fluid
film is created by the shape and relative motion of the sliding surfaces.
Liquid lubricants like mineral or
vegetable oilsSemi solid lubricants like grease
solid lubricants like graphite or molybednum
disulphide
7. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Principal of hydrodynamic lubrication – It can be shown in three stages. Consider a steady load F, a
fixed bearing and a rotating journal .
Stage 1 - At rest, the bearing clearance space is filled with oil, but the load F has squeezed out the
oil film at the bottom. Metal-to-contact exists. The vertical axis of bearing and journal are co-axial.
Load and reaction are in line.
Stage 2 - When the journal starts rotating slowly in clockwise direction, because of friction, the
journal starts to climb the wall of the bearing surface as in Fig. Boundary lubrication exists now. The
wear normally takes place during this period. However, the journal rotation draws the oil between
the surfaces and they separate.
Stage 3 -As the speed increases, more oil is drawn in and enough pressure is built up in the
contact zone to float” the journal . Further increase in speed, additional pressure of the converging
oil flow to the right of the minimum film thickness position (ho) moves the shaft slightly to the left of
center. As a result full separation of journal and bearing surfaces occurs. This is known as
Hydrodynamic
lubrication or full film/thick film lubrication.
At this equilibrium condition,the pressure force
on journal balances the external load F.
8. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Journal or sleeve bearing -The radial bearings are also called journal or sleeve bearings. The portion of
the shaft inside the bearing is called the journal and this portion needs better finish and specific property.
Depending on the extent to which the bearing envelops the journal, these bearings are classified as full,
partial and fitted bearings. Among the sliding contact bearings radial bearings find wide applications in
industries . It has two types full and partial journal bearing.
Full bearing – The angle of contact of the bushing with the journal
is 360˚. Can take load in any radial direction.
Partial bearing – Angle of contact is always less than 180˚. Most of
the bearing in practice have 120˚. They can take load in only one
radial direction.
Clearance bearing – In this the radius of journal < radius of bearing.
Fitted bearing - In this the radius of journal = radius of bearing. Full bearing Partial bearing
9. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Bearing material - The materials commonly used for sliding contact bearings are discussed below :
1. Babbit metal. The tin base and lead base babbits are widely used as a bearing material, because they satisfy most
requirements for general applications. The babbits are recommended where the maximum bearing pressure (on
projected area) is not over 7 to 14 N/mm2. The composition of the babbit metals is as follows :
Tin base babbits : Tin 90% ; Copper 4.5% ; Antimony 5% ; Lead 0.5%.
Lead base babbits : Lead 84% ; Tin 6% ; Anitmony 9.5% ; Copper 0.5%.
2. Bronzes. The bronzes (alloys of copper, tin and zinc) are generally used in the form of machined bushes pressed
into the shell. The bush may be in one or two pieces. The bronzes commonly used for bearing material are gun metal
and phosphor bronzes.
The gun metal (Copper 88% ; Tin 10% ; Zinc 2%) is used for high grade bearings subjected to high pressures (not
more than 10 N/mm2 of projected area) and high speeds.
The phosphor bronze (Copper 80% ; Tin 10% ; Lead 9% ; Phosphorus 1%) is used for bearings subjected to very
high pressures (not more than 14 N/mm2 of projected area) and speeds.
3. Cast iron. The cast iron bearings are usually used with steel journals. Such type of bearings are fairly successful
where lubrication is adequate and the pressure is limited to 3.5 N/mm2 and speed to 40 metres per minute.
4. Silver. The silver and silver lead bearings are mostly used in aircraft engines where the fatigue strength is the most
important consideration
10. Journal Bearing types, lubrication of bearing, principal of hydrodynamic lubrication
Bearing material properties – Properties as discussed below must be considered in selecting the best
material.
1. Compressive strength. - The maximum bearing pressure is considerably greater than the average
pressure obtained by dividing the load to the projected area. Therefore the bearing material should have
high compressive strength to withstand this maximum pressure so as to prevent extrusion or other
permanent deformation of the bearing.
2. Fatigue strength. - The bearing material should have sufficient fatigue strength so that it can withstand
repeated loads without developing surface fatigue cracks. It is of major importance in aircraft and
automotive engines.
3. Comformability. - It is the ability of the bearing material to accommodate shaft deflections and bearing
inaccuracies by plastic deformation (or creep) without excessive wear and heating.
4. Embeddability. - It is the ability of bearing material to accommodate (or embed) small particles of dust,
grit etc., without scoring the material of the journal.
5. Bondability. - Many high capacity bearings are made by bonding one or more thin layers of a bearing
material to a high strength steel shell. Thus, the strength of the bond i.e. bondability is an important
consideration in selecting bearing material.
6. Corrosion resistance. - The bearing material should not corrode away under the action of lubricating
oil.
7. Thermal conductivity. - The bearing material should be of high thermal conductivity so as to permit the
rapid removal of the heat generated by friction.
11. If you found the video knowledgeable then like the video
Refrences – 1. Shigley’s mechanical engineering design
2. Design of machine elements by V B Bhandari
3. A text book of machine design by khurmi
And
Subscribe the channel