The document provides detailed anatomical information about the tibia, highlighting its position, attachments, and relationships with surrounding structures. It covers various aspects such as muscle attachments, ligaments, and specific bony landmarks associated with the tibia. The information is organized into sections that clarify common misconceptions related to tibial anatomy.

1. Questions
Tibia

2. 1 is the medial of the two bones in the leg
2 is the lateral of the two bones in the leg
3 is a weight-bearing bone
4 articulates distally with the calcaneus
5 has no muscles attached to its medial surface
The Tibia:
Tibia anterior aspect

3. 1 is the medial of the two bones in the leg T
2 is the lateral of the two bones in the leg F
3 is a weight-bearing bone T
4 articulates distally with the calcaneus F
5 has no muscles attached to its medial surface T
The Tibia:
Tibia anterior aspect
The tibia articulates distally with the talus, not calcaneus.
The medial surface of the tibia has no muscles attached to it. The upper end of this surface
receives the attachment of the pes anserinus and medial collateral ligament, but no
muscles

4. 1 is called the medial tibial condyle
2 is called the lateral tibial condyle
3 gives attachment to the soleus muscle
4 receives the insertion of quadratus femoris
5 gives attachment to the iliotibial tract
The highlighted area:
Anterior aspect of proximal right Tibia

5. 1 is called the medial tibial condyle F
2 is called the lateral tibial condyle T
3 gives attachment to the soleus muscle F
4 receives the insertion of quadratus femoris F
5 gives attachment to the iliotibial tract T
The highlighted area:
Anterior aspect of proximal right Tibia
The highlighted area is the lateral tibial condyle (anterior view). Part of this area receives
the iliotibial tract.
Soleus is attached to the posterior surface of the tibial shaft.

6. 1 is called the greater tuberosity
2 is called the ischial tuberosity
3 is called the tibial tuberosity
4 gives attachment to the patellar ligament
5 lies entirely within the capsule of the knee joint
The highlighted area:
Anterior aspect of proximal right Tibia

7. 1 is called the greater tuberosity F
2 is called the ischial tuberosity F
3 is called the tibial tuberosity T
4 gives attachment to the patellar ligament T
5 lies entirely within the capsule of the knee joint F
The highlighted area:
Anterior aspect of proximal right Tibia

8. 1 is called Gerdy’s tubercle
2 is called the medial epicondyle
3 receives the insertion of the iliotibial tract
4 is called the lateral epicondyle
5 gives origin to the lateral head of gastrocnemius
The highlighted area:
Anterior aspect of proximal right Tibia

9. 1 is called Gerdy’s tubercle T
2 is called the medial epicondyle F
3 receives the insertion of the iliotibial tract T
4 is called the lateral epicondyle F
5 gives origin to the lateral head of gastrocnemius F
The highlighted area:
Anterior aspect of proximal right Tibia
Both heads of gastrocnemius arise from the distal femur and have no attachment
whatsoever to the tibia.

10. 1 is known as the trochlear notch
2 is the site of attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament
3 is called the intercondylar eminence
4 gives attachment to the anterior cruciate ligament
5 gives attachment to the tibial collateral ligament
The highlighted area:
Posterior-Superior view of proximal right Tibia

11. 1 is known as the trochlear notch F
2 is the site of attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament F
3 is called the intercondylar eminence T
4 gives attachment to the anterior cruciate ligament F
5 gives attachment to the tibial collateral ligament F
The highlighted area:
No structures are attached to the intercondylar eminence (also known as the tibial spine).
Posterior-Superior view of proximal right Tibia

12. 1 the right arrow points to the anterior intercondylar fossa
2 the left arrow indicates the site of attachment of the posterior
cruciate
3 the entire upper surface is covered by articular hyaline cartilage
4 the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus lies in front of the
posterior cruciate
5 the right arrow points to the area of attachment of the anterior
cruciate ligament
Concerning the upper surface of the tibia:
Posterior-Superior view of proximal right Tibia

13. 1 the right arrow points to the anterior intercondylar fossa T
2 the left arrow indicates the site of attachment of the posterior
cruciate
T
3 the entire upper surface is covered by articular hyaline cartilage F
4 the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus lies in front of the
posterior cruciate
T
5 the right arrow points to the area of attachment of the anterior
cruciate ligament
T
Concerning the upper surface of the tibia:
Posterior-Superior view of proximal right Tibia
The left and right arrows indicate respectively the posterior and anterior intercondylar
fossae.
The intercondylar area on the tibial plateau is not covered by hyaline cartilage.

14. 1 is called the fibular notch
2 is called the medial malleolus
3 gives attachment to the medial collateral ligament
4 receives the insertion of tibialis anterior
5 articulates with the talus
The highlighted bony projection:
Anterior aspect of distal right Tibia

15. 1 is called the fibular notch F
2 is called the medial malleolus T
3 gives attachment to the medial collateral ligament T
4 receives the insertion of tibialis anterior F
5 articulates with the talus T
The highlighted bony projection:
Anterior aspect of distal right Tibia
While the tendon of tibialis anterior crosses the medial malleolus, its distal attachment is
to the medial cuneiform and adjacent base of 1st metatarsal.

16. 1 the popliteus muscle is attached distal to the soleal line
2 the medial end of the soleal line is at a higher level than the lateral end
3 the tibial attachment of tibialis posterior is medial to that of flexor digitorum longus
4 no muscle fibres are attached to the distal third of the posterior surface
5 a vertical ridge separates the tibial attachments of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum
longus
Concerning the posterior surface of the tibia:

17. 1 the popliteus muscle is attached distal to the soleal line F
2 the medial end of the soleal line is at a higher level than the lateral end F
3 the tibial attachment of tibialis posterior is medial to that of flexor digitorum longus F
4 no muscle fibres are attached to the distal third of the posterior surface T
5 a vertical ridge separates the tibial attachments of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum
longus
T
Concerning the posterior surface of the tibia:
the popliteus muscle is attached proximal to the soleal line, not distal.
The soleal line is an oblique ridge whose medial end is at a lower level than the lateral end.
No muscle fibres are attached to any surface of the distal third of the tibial shaft.

18. 1 the posterior surface gives attachment to the medial head of gastrocnemius
2 the posterior surface gives attachment to flexor hallucis longus
3 the anterolateral surface gives attachment to tibialis anterior
4 popliteus is attached to the posterior surface, distal to the soleal line
5 the medial surface has no muscles fibres attached to it
Concerning the shaft of the tibia:

19. 1 the posterior surface gives attachment to the medial head of gastrocnemius F
2 the posterior surface gives attachment to flexor hallucis longus F
3 the anterolateral surface gives attachment to tibialis anterior T
4 popliteus is attached to the posterior surface, distal to the soleal line F
5 the medial surface has no muscles fibres attached to it T
Concerning the shaft of the tibia:
Flexor hallucis longus is attached to the posterior surface of the fibula, not the tibia.

20. 1 the patellar tendon is attached to the lower half of the tibial tuberosity
2 the iliotibial tract is attached to the posterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle
3 on the tibial plateau, the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus lies in front of the anterior
horn of the medial meniscus
4 the medial collateral ligament of the knee is separated from the overlying tendons of
sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus by a bursa
5 the lateral meniscus covers a greater surface on the tibial plateau than does the medial
meniscus
Concerning attachments to the proximal tibia:

21. 1 the patellar tendon is attached to the lower half of the tibial tuberosity F
2 the iliotibial tract is attached to the posterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle F
3 on the tibial plateau, the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus lies in front of the anterior
horn of the medial meniscus
F
4 the medial collateral ligament of the knee is separated from the overlying tendons of
sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus by a bursa
T
5 the lateral meniscus covers a greater surface on the tibial plateau than does the medial
meniscus
T
Concerning attachments to the proximal tibia:
The patellar tendon (also known as the patellar ligament) is attached to the upper half of the tibial tuberosity.
The iliotibial tract attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle on the anterior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle