The document provides information about the United States in 1850, including its population characteristics, forces of disharmony, and the issue of slavery. Some key points:
1. In 1850, the US had 23 million people with the population growing fastest in the Midwest. It was divided into 16 non-slave and 15 slave states.
2. Forces of disharmony included localism over national identity, religious/ethnic pluralism with rising immigration, and strong sectionalism between the North, South, East and West over economic and political differences including slavery.
3. Slavery was a major issue dividing the sections and was growing rapidly despite being a minority system, as the South became increasingly dependent on
The document discusses the emergence of the two-party system in the early United States. It begins by noting that while the founders hoped to avoid political factions, disagreements over Hamilton's financial plan led to the development of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties. The key disagreement was over whether the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution allowed for implied powers like Hamilton's national bank. The Federalists supported a strong national government and loose interpretation while the Democratic-Republicans favored state power and strict interpretation. This partisan divide was cemented by opposing views on domestic economic policy and foreign affairs.
The document provides background information on the United States in 1850, including its population characteristics, divisions, and the issue of slavery. Key points include:
- The US had 23 million residents in 1850, most living in rural areas across 16 free and 15 slave states.
- Forces of disharmony included localism, pluralism from immigration and religion, and sectionalism between the North, South, East and West which was exacerbated by economic differences and the issue of slavery.
- Slavery was a major dividing issue and while a minority of Southerners owned slaves, the institution was deeply entrenched economically and culturally in the South. The expansion of slavery into new territories further inflamed tensions between
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Consequences of american industrial growthphillipgrogers
This document provides an overview of some key consequences of American industrial growth in the late 19th century, including increased immigration that changed the ethnic makeup of cities, the growth of labor unions like the AFL led by Samuel Gompers to fight for workers' rights, conflicts between western expansion and Native Americans culminating at Wounded Knee, and labor unrest like the 1894 Pullman Strike.
The document discusses the rapid industrialization of the United States between 1865-1900. Key factors contributing to industrialization included abundant natural resources, labor supply, new technologies, capital investment, and business-friendly government policies. Mass production techniques like assembly lines and scientific management principles increased efficiency. The railroad industry expanded greatly and helped open up new markets. While proponents argued industrialists were self-made men and capitalism expanded opportunities, there was growing unrest over extreme wealth inequality and poor conditions for many workers. As monopolies consolidated power, the socialist movement gained some influence in response to the social problems of the late industrial era.
The key events leading to the Civil War included disputes over slavery in new western territories, the passage of fugitive slave laws, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, and the election of Abraham Lincoln which caused southern states to secede. Tensions escalated as the nation struggled over whether to allow the expansion of slavery into new states and territories, culminating in the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and the beginning of the Civil War in 1861.
- The document provides information about key events and people from the period of early American history known as Creating a Nation through Reconstruction. It includes details on presidents like Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Polk, as well as events like the Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine, Nullification Crisis, Mexican-American War, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, Civil War battles, Emancipation Proclamation, Reconstruction plans, amendments, Black Codes, and the Compromise of 1877. Multiple choice and short answer questions are also included to test understanding of these topics.
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War between 1840-1863. Tensions grew between the northern and southern states over the issues of slavery and states' rights. The Mexican-American War and Compromise of 1850 temporarily eased tensions but did not resolve the core issues. The Dred Scott decision and election of Abraham Lincoln further polarized the nation. Several southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the Civil War began in 1861. Major battles like Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg resulted in high casualties as the Union fought to preserve the United States and abolish slavery.
The document discusses the emergence of the two-party system in the early United States. It begins by noting that while the founders hoped to avoid political factions, disagreements over Hamilton's financial plan led to the development of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties. The key disagreement was over whether the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution allowed for implied powers like Hamilton's national bank. The Federalists supported a strong national government and loose interpretation while the Democratic-Republicans favored state power and strict interpretation. This partisan divide was cemented by opposing views on domestic economic policy and foreign affairs.
The document provides background information on the United States in 1850, including its population characteristics, divisions, and the issue of slavery. Key points include:
- The US had 23 million residents in 1850, most living in rural areas across 16 free and 15 slave states.
- Forces of disharmony included localism, pluralism from immigration and religion, and sectionalism between the North, South, East and West which was exacerbated by economic differences and the issue of slavery.
- Slavery was a major dividing issue and while a minority of Southerners owned slaves, the institution was deeply entrenched economically and culturally in the South. The expansion of slavery into new territories further inflamed tensions between
This presentation is of the sectional crises over states' rights and slavery's westward expansion that gave way to American Civil War. It is the fourth in a series of textbook/lecture substitutes designed for students in a college seminar on the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Consequences of american industrial growthphillipgrogers
This document provides an overview of some key consequences of American industrial growth in the late 19th century, including increased immigration that changed the ethnic makeup of cities, the growth of labor unions like the AFL led by Samuel Gompers to fight for workers' rights, conflicts between western expansion and Native Americans culminating at Wounded Knee, and labor unrest like the 1894 Pullman Strike.
The document discusses the rapid industrialization of the United States between 1865-1900. Key factors contributing to industrialization included abundant natural resources, labor supply, new technologies, capital investment, and business-friendly government policies. Mass production techniques like assembly lines and scientific management principles increased efficiency. The railroad industry expanded greatly and helped open up new markets. While proponents argued industrialists were self-made men and capitalism expanded opportunities, there was growing unrest over extreme wealth inequality and poor conditions for many workers. As monopolies consolidated power, the socialist movement gained some influence in response to the social problems of the late industrial era.
The key events leading to the Civil War included disputes over slavery in new western territories, the passage of fugitive slave laws, the Dred Scott decision, John Brown's raid, and the election of Abraham Lincoln which caused southern states to secede. Tensions escalated as the nation struggled over whether to allow the expansion of slavery into new states and territories, culminating in the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and the beginning of the Civil War in 1861.
- The document provides information about key events and people from the period of early American history known as Creating a Nation through Reconstruction. It includes details on presidents like Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Polk, as well as events like the Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine, Nullification Crisis, Mexican-American War, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, Civil War battles, Emancipation Proclamation, Reconstruction plans, amendments, Black Codes, and the Compromise of 1877. Multiple choice and short answer questions are also included to test understanding of these topics.
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War between 1840-1863. Tensions grew between the northern and southern states over the issues of slavery and states' rights. The Mexican-American War and Compromise of 1850 temporarily eased tensions but did not resolve the core issues. The Dred Scott decision and election of Abraham Lincoln further polarized the nation. Several southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the Civil War began in 1861. Major battles like Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg resulted in high casualties as the Union fought to preserve the United States and abolish slavery.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: HISTORY OF THE USA. REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSGeorge Dumitrache
1. The document discusses facts and opinions regarding several key events and issues related to the causes of the American Civil War, including the Wilmot Proviso, the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, states that seceded from the Union, Lincoln's views on abolishing slavery, and reasons for the division between the North and South.
2. It identifies statements as facts or opinions and provides evidence to support the factual statements or arguments against the opinions. For example, it notes that the Wilmot Proviso was rejected by Congress but some historians believe it made the Civil War inevitable, while others disagree.
3. The document analyzes 10 different statements relating
Chapter 12: Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861suziehinman
The document summarizes political events in the United States from 1848 to 1861, as sectional tensions over the issue of slavery led the nation into crisis. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. These events heightened divisions between the North and South and ultimately led 11 Southern states to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America in early 1861.
The document provides background information on key events and issues related to sectionalism and the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1854. It discusses Andrew Jackson's attack on the Negro Fort, the Adams-Onis Treaty that resulted in Florida being ceded to the US, the Missouri Compromise, Texas independence and the Alamo, the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the emergence of abolitionist movements like the Underground Railroad. Key figures mentioned include Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Sam Houston, Stephen F. Austin
The document outlines several key causes of the Civil War: sectionalism between the agricultural slaveholding South and the industrial North; states' rights and the South's belief that the federal government was challenging their right to own slaves; the growing abolitionist movement in the North; the Dred Scott decision allowing slavery to spread; and the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealing the Missouri Compromise and sparking violence over the expansion of slavery. Tensions escalated further with the founding of the Republican Party opposing slavery's westward spread and John Brown's failed slave rebellion in 1859, bringing the nation closer to civil war.
The document outlines several key events that increased tensions between the northern and southern states and contributed to the start of the Civil War. It discusses the Three-Fifths Compromise, the cotton gin's impact on the slave economy, the Missouri Compromise, debates around tariffs and states' rights, the Nullification Crisis, the Nat Turner slave rebellion, and attempts to compromise on the status of slavery in the territories gained from Mexico. These events highlighted disagreements over the expansion of slavery and states' rights that further divided the north and south.
- The document discusses several key events leading up to the American Civil War from 1854-1861, including the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the resulting violence in "Bleeding Kansas", the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Lincoln's election in 1860, and the secession of several southern states led by South Carolina.
- The events deepened tensions between the northern and southern states over the issues of slavery and states' rights and ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War as southern states increasingly moved towards forming the Confederate States of America.
- Proposals like the Crittenden Compromise failed to resolve the sectional
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the abolitionist movement, the Underground Railroad, political compromises around the issue of slavery, the Dred Scott decision, Bleeding Kansas, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Southern states seceding after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. It provides context on the growing sectional divide between free and slave states over the issue of expanding slavery into new territories.
The Era of the Movements for Civil Rights, 1941-1973...and Beyond?Dave Smith
This document provides background on the need for civil rights movements in the United States, focusing on the African American civil rights movement and the women's rights movement. It describes the oppression and lack of rights that African Americans and women faced for much of U.S. history post-Civil War/Reconstruction and through the early-mid 20th century, including lack of voting rights, segregation, violence, and limited economic opportunities. It also outlines some of the early activism and organizations that emerged to advocate for civil rights, such as the NAACP, CORE, and women's suffrage conventions.
The document discusses the history of slavery and race relations in the United States from 1830 to the modern day. It covers the expansion of slavery and the slave trade, laws and court cases around slavery and segregation, the economic importance of cotton production to the South, and the emergence of Jim Crow laws and the civil rights movement towards desegregation.
The document summarizes key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War, including the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, John Brown's Raid, Lincoln's election in 1860, and Southern secession following his victory. These events revolved around the issues of the expansion of slavery into new territories and states, and states' rights vs federal power over slavery.
1. Sectionalism divided the nation between the Northern and Southern states, with each prioritizing their regional interests over national unity. Key differences included views on slavery, tariffs, and states' rights.
2. Tensions escalated over issues like the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, with the election of Abraham Lincoln prompting Southern secession.
3. After the Confederacy attacked Fort Sumter, the Civil War began as Lincoln refused to recognize secession and worked to preserve the Union. Sectional divisions over slavery and states' rights had ultimately led the country to war.
The document summarizes sectionalism in the United States from 1800-1860, focusing on divisions between the North, South, and West. The North's economy was based on industry and commercial farming, while the South's economy depended on slavery and the cotton industry. Sectional tensions increased over the issues of slavery's expansion into new western territories. Immigration strengthened the North's economy but also led to nativist sentiments against Catholic immigrants. The West experienced rapid expansion and settlement but also the dispossession of Native Americans.
The document provides background information on the causes of the American Civil War. It discusses key events and compromises around the issue of slavery in the US between 1819 to 1857, including the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the Dred Scott decision of 1857. Each event further exacerbated tensions between slave states and free states over the balance of power and expansion of slavery into new territories.
The document outlines several key events and issues that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War, including disputes over the balance of power between federal and state governments regarding the issue of slavery, attempts at political compromises over the spread of slavery to new territories that failed to resolve the core disagreements, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 which prompted southern states to begin seceding from the Union.
The document summarizes key events from the 1850s that increased political tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery and contributed to the start of the Civil War. These included the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed settlers to decide whether new territories would be slave or free; the Dred Scott decision finding that Congress could not ban slavery; John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry; and Lincoln's election in 1860 without any Southern electoral votes, leading seven Southern states to secede and form the Confederacy.
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and led the Democratic-Republican party. As a strict constructionist, Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and states' rights. However, as President he expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the country, and funding the Lewis and Clark Expedition. While Jefferson took actions beyond his strict interpretation of the Constitution, they helped establish US territory and claims to the West.
Virginia's Attitude Towards Slavery and SecessionChuck Thompson
Virginia's Attitude Towards Slavery and Secession. History up to the time of the American Civil war and how Virginian's felt about all the aspects surrounding the issues of the day. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. Liberty Education Series. Visit us for amazing content.
America expanded its territory westward in the 19th century through key land purchases and battles over territory. The concept of Manifest Destiny, a belief that America was destined to expand from coast to coast, motivated expansion. Westward expansion brought both challenges and opportunities. Thousands made the difficult journey along trails like the Oregon Trail to settle in the western lands, despite the hardships of crossing deserts and mountains. The Mormon Trail also saw religious refugees migrating west to establish settlements. Texas was annexed after American settlers fought for independence from Mexico, and the Mexican-American War resulted in additional territory acquisitions by the United States.
The document discusses the Nixon presidency in the 1970s. It summarizes that Nixon campaigned on a message of "law and order" and gained support in the South through his Southern Strategy. His domestic policies aimed to devolve power to state and local governments through New Federalism. However, tensions grew due to conflicts in the Middle East and the Vietnam War. Nixon established détente with China and the Soviet Union but the Watergate scandal erupted over his administration's cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. This led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first US president to resign from office.
The document provides information about the United States in 1850, including its population distribution, the forces of disharmony like sectionalism and the issue of slavery, and events leading up to the Civil War. It notes that in 1850 the US had 16 non-slave states and 15 slave states, most people lived in rural areas, and slavery was expanding rapidly in the South. Disagreements over the expansion of slavery into the western territories, like with the Kansas-Nebraska Act, exacerbated sectional tensions and led Northern states to form the Republican Party in opposition to the spread of slavery.
There were several events leading up to the Civil War that increased tensions over the issue of slavery:
1) The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to regulate slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territories by prohibiting it north of the 36°30' parallel, but could not resolve the status of slavery in future territories.
2) The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 established the principle of "popular sovereignty" for determining slavery in the territories but led to violent clashes between pro- and anti-slavery settlers in "Bleeding Kansas."
3) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, though a failure, polarized the nation and increased sectional tensions by portraying Brown as a mart
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: HISTORY OF THE USA. REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSGeorge Dumitrache
1. The document discusses facts and opinions regarding several key events and issues related to the causes of the American Civil War, including the Wilmot Proviso, the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, states that seceded from the Union, Lincoln's views on abolishing slavery, and reasons for the division between the North and South.
2. It identifies statements as facts or opinions and provides evidence to support the factual statements or arguments against the opinions. For example, it notes that the Wilmot Proviso was rejected by Congress but some historians believe it made the Civil War inevitable, while others disagree.
3. The document analyzes 10 different statements relating
Chapter 12: Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861suziehinman
The document summarizes political events in the United States from 1848 to 1861, as sectional tensions over the issue of slavery led the nation into crisis. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. These events heightened divisions between the North and South and ultimately led 11 Southern states to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America in early 1861.
The document provides background information on key events and issues related to sectionalism and the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1854. It discusses Andrew Jackson's attack on the Negro Fort, the Adams-Onis Treaty that resulted in Florida being ceded to the US, the Missouri Compromise, Texas independence and the Alamo, the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the emergence of abolitionist movements like the Underground Railroad. Key figures mentioned include Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, Sam Houston, Stephen F. Austin
The document outlines several key causes of the Civil War: sectionalism between the agricultural slaveholding South and the industrial North; states' rights and the South's belief that the federal government was challenging their right to own slaves; the growing abolitionist movement in the North; the Dred Scott decision allowing slavery to spread; and the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealing the Missouri Compromise and sparking violence over the expansion of slavery. Tensions escalated further with the founding of the Republican Party opposing slavery's westward spread and John Brown's failed slave rebellion in 1859, bringing the nation closer to civil war.
The document outlines several key events that increased tensions between the northern and southern states and contributed to the start of the Civil War. It discusses the Three-Fifths Compromise, the cotton gin's impact on the slave economy, the Missouri Compromise, debates around tariffs and states' rights, the Nullification Crisis, the Nat Turner slave rebellion, and attempts to compromise on the status of slavery in the territories gained from Mexico. These events highlighted disagreements over the expansion of slavery and states' rights that further divided the north and south.
- The document discusses several key events leading up to the American Civil War from 1854-1861, including the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the resulting violence in "Bleeding Kansas", the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Lincoln's election in 1860, and the secession of several southern states led by South Carolina.
- The events deepened tensions between the northern and southern states over the issues of slavery and states' rights and ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War as southern states increasingly moved towards forming the Confederate States of America.
- Proposals like the Crittenden Compromise failed to resolve the sectional
The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the abolitionist movement, the Underground Railroad, political compromises around the issue of slavery, the Dred Scott decision, Bleeding Kansas, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and Southern states seceding after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. It provides context on the growing sectional divide between free and slave states over the issue of expanding slavery into new territories.
The Era of the Movements for Civil Rights, 1941-1973...and Beyond?Dave Smith
This document provides background on the need for civil rights movements in the United States, focusing on the African American civil rights movement and the women's rights movement. It describes the oppression and lack of rights that African Americans and women faced for much of U.S. history post-Civil War/Reconstruction and through the early-mid 20th century, including lack of voting rights, segregation, violence, and limited economic opportunities. It also outlines some of the early activism and organizations that emerged to advocate for civil rights, such as the NAACP, CORE, and women's suffrage conventions.
The document discusses the history of slavery and race relations in the United States from 1830 to the modern day. It covers the expansion of slavery and the slave trade, laws and court cases around slavery and segregation, the economic importance of cotton production to the South, and the emergence of Jim Crow laws and the civil rights movement towards desegregation.
The document summarizes key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War, including the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott decision, John Brown's Raid, Lincoln's election in 1860, and Southern secession following his victory. These events revolved around the issues of the expansion of slavery into new territories and states, and states' rights vs federal power over slavery.
1. Sectionalism divided the nation between the Northern and Southern states, with each prioritizing their regional interests over national unity. Key differences included views on slavery, tariffs, and states' rights.
2. Tensions escalated over issues like the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision, with the election of Abraham Lincoln prompting Southern secession.
3. After the Confederacy attacked Fort Sumter, the Civil War began as Lincoln refused to recognize secession and worked to preserve the Union. Sectional divisions over slavery and states' rights had ultimately led the country to war.
The document summarizes sectionalism in the United States from 1800-1860, focusing on divisions between the North, South, and West. The North's economy was based on industry and commercial farming, while the South's economy depended on slavery and the cotton industry. Sectional tensions increased over the issues of slavery's expansion into new western territories. Immigration strengthened the North's economy but also led to nativist sentiments against Catholic immigrants. The West experienced rapid expansion and settlement but also the dispossession of Native Americans.
The document provides background information on the causes of the American Civil War. It discusses key events and compromises around the issue of slavery in the US between 1819 to 1857, including the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the Dred Scott decision of 1857. Each event further exacerbated tensions between slave states and free states over the balance of power and expansion of slavery into new territories.
The document outlines several key events and issues that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War, including disputes over the balance of power between federal and state governments regarding the issue of slavery, attempts at political compromises over the spread of slavery to new territories that failed to resolve the core disagreements, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 which prompted southern states to begin seceding from the Union.
The document summarizes key events from the 1850s that increased political tensions between the North and South over the issue of slavery and contributed to the start of the Civil War. These included the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed settlers to decide whether new territories would be slave or free; the Dred Scott decision finding that Congress could not ban slavery; John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry; and Lincoln's election in 1860 without any Southern electoral votes, leading seven Southern states to secede and form the Confederacy.
Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States and led the Democratic-Republican party. As a strict constructionist, Jefferson believed in a limited federal government and states' rights. However, as President he expanded presidential power through actions like the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the country, and funding the Lewis and Clark Expedition. While Jefferson took actions beyond his strict interpretation of the Constitution, they helped establish US territory and claims to the West.
Virginia's Attitude Towards Slavery and SecessionChuck Thompson
Virginia's Attitude Towards Slavery and Secession. History up to the time of the American Civil war and how Virginian's felt about all the aspects surrounding the issues of the day. Gloucester, Virginia Links and News website. Liberty Education Series. Visit us for amazing content.
America expanded its territory westward in the 19th century through key land purchases and battles over territory. The concept of Manifest Destiny, a belief that America was destined to expand from coast to coast, motivated expansion. Westward expansion brought both challenges and opportunities. Thousands made the difficult journey along trails like the Oregon Trail to settle in the western lands, despite the hardships of crossing deserts and mountains. The Mormon Trail also saw religious refugees migrating west to establish settlements. Texas was annexed after American settlers fought for independence from Mexico, and the Mexican-American War resulted in additional territory acquisitions by the United States.
The document discusses the Nixon presidency in the 1970s. It summarizes that Nixon campaigned on a message of "law and order" and gained support in the South through his Southern Strategy. His domestic policies aimed to devolve power to state and local governments through New Federalism. However, tensions grew due to conflicts in the Middle East and the Vietnam War. Nixon established détente with China and the Soviet Union but the Watergate scandal erupted over his administration's cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. This led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first US president to resign from office.
The document provides information about the United States in 1850, including its population distribution, the forces of disharmony like sectionalism and the issue of slavery, and events leading up to the Civil War. It notes that in 1850 the US had 16 non-slave states and 15 slave states, most people lived in rural areas, and slavery was expanding rapidly in the South. Disagreements over the expansion of slavery into the western territories, like with the Kansas-Nebraska Act, exacerbated sectional tensions and led Northern states to form the Republican Party in opposition to the spread of slavery.
There were several events leading up to the Civil War that increased tensions over the issue of slavery:
1) The Missouri Compromise of 1820 attempted to regulate slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territories by prohibiting it north of the 36°30' parallel, but could not resolve the status of slavery in future territories.
2) The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 established the principle of "popular sovereignty" for determining slavery in the territories but led to violent clashes between pro- and anti-slavery settlers in "Bleeding Kansas."
3) John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, though a failure, polarized the nation and increased sectional tensions by portraying Brown as a mart
The document summarizes key events that increased tensions between the North and South leading up to the Civil War, including westward expansion, debates over the spread of slavery to new territories, the passage of fugitive slave laws, the Dred Scott decision, the emergence of the Republican Party, and John Brown's raid. Ultimately, Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 prompted several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America, marking the start of hostilities when Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in 1861.
Events that led_to_the_american_civil_warJonah Howard
The document summarizes key events that led to the American Civil War:
1. Economic and political tensions grew between the industrial North and agricultural South. The North opposed slavery's expansion while the South defended it.
2. The Mexican-American War and subsequent territorial acquisitions exacerbated tensions over the balance of slave and free states.
3. Events like the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, and Dred Scott decision further polarized the nation on the issue of slavery in the territories.
4. In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president as the first Republican, prompting Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.
The document summarizes several compromises that were attempted in the United States in the 1800s to address the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories:
- The Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but banned slavery in territories above the 36°30' parallel, except Missouri.
- The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 also organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sovereignty, fueling tensions and violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" over the slavery issue.
- The document discusses the events leading up to the American Civil War, including the issue of slavery in new western territories which divided the North and South. Key events included the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and Lincoln's election in 1860, which prompted seven Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America.
The document summarizes the increasing sectional tensions between the North and South from 1850-1862 over the issues of slavery and states' rights. It outlines key events like the Wilmot Proviso, California's application for statehood, and Senator Clay's proposal of the Compromise of 1850 to address disputes over slavery in the territories and other issues. The Compromise temporarily resolved conflicts by banning slavery in the District of Columbia and California while establishing popular sovereignty and a stronger fugitive slave law. However, the underlying divisions between free and slave states continued widening.
Opposing slavery. Chris and Leah Day 4 Group Amrsl_abington
The document discusses the political actions and moral arguments of those opposed to the spread of slavery in the United States between 1820-1854. It outlines the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which divided the country along the 36th parallel to maintain a balance of slave and free states. It also discusses the Mexican-American War, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, all of which reopened debates around the expansion of slavery and territorial sovereignty, further dividing the nation along sectional lines and fueling the growing abolitionist movement in the North.
The Civil War was caused by longstanding tensions between northern and southern states over the issue of slavery and states' rights that escalated in the mid-1800s. Key events exacerbating sectional divisions included the 3/5 Compromise, invention of the cotton gin, westward expansion and debates over admitting slave or free states, the Missouri Compromise, and the Fugitive Slave Act. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott decision further polarized the nation. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry and Lincoln's election in 1860 prompted southern states to secede. The Civil War began when Confederate forces shelled Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861 after its commander refused demands to surrender.
The document discusses several key events and compromises related to the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1857. It summarizes the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, dividing other lands between slave and free. It also discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the controversial Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857, each of which further exacerbated tensions between slave and free states leading up to the Civil War.
The document discusses several key events and compromises related to the expansion of slavery in the United States between 1818-1857. It summarizes the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, dividing other lands between slave and free. It also discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, and the controversial Dred Scott Supreme Court decision of 1857, each of which further exacerbated tensions between slave and free states leading up to the Civil War.
The document outlines many of the key events and issues that increased tensions between the North and South and ultimately led to the Civil War. It discusses the passage of compromises like the Missouri Compromise to try and balance the number of slave and free states. However, the admission of California as a free state, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision further inflamed tensions over the issue of slavery in new western territories. John Brown's raid in 1859 and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, a candidate northern states supported but whose name did not appear on ballots in many southern states, led several southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War began when Confederate forces fired
The document outlines many of the key causes that led to the outbreak of the Civil War, including:
1) Issues around the expansion of slavery into new territories like the Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott decision inflamed tensions between north and south by upsetting the balance of power between free and slave states.
2) Cultural differences between the largely agricultural slave-holding South and industrial non-slaveholding North grew over time on issues like states' rights and tariffs.
3) Events like John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry and the election of Abraham Lincoln, who southern states feared would end slavery, led southern states to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America.
The 1850 Compromise was an attempt to resolve tensions over slavery in the US. It included provisions such as popular sovereignty for determining slavery in the territories, the admission of California as a free state, and a stricter Fugitive Slave Act. However, the Compromise only provided a temporary solution and exacerbated divisions, particularly the Fugitive Slave Act which outraged Northerners and led to increased Underground Railroad activity. While it prevented the immediate dissolution of the Union, it failed to settle the issue of slavery and set the stage for further conflicts.
The document summarizes key events and issues surrounding the US Civil War from 1861-1865. It discusses [1] the political and economic tensions between northern and southern states around the issues of slavery and westward expansion that led to the Civil War, [2] key events like the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and Dred Scott decision that exacerbated tensions, [3] Lincoln's election in 1860 causing southern states to secede and form the Confederacy, and [4] how the war was ultimately won by the northern Union states who had advantages in population, industry and blockading of the South's economy and trade.
The document summarizes the increasing political and social divisions between the North and South in the decades leading up to the American Civil War from 1850-1860. Key issues like the expansion of slavery into new territories and the harsh fugitive slave laws exacerbated tensions. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and Dred Scott decision further polarized sections. Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 as the first Republican president prompted seven southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America, pushing the nation into civil war.
The document summarizes many of the key events and issues that contributed to rising tensions between the North and South leading up to the American Civil War. These include the passage of fugitive slave laws, the Dred Scott decision, debates over the expansion of slavery, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and cultural differences between the largely agricultural slave-holding South and industrial North. The election of Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the expansion of slavery but could not end it where it existed, was the final spark that led Southern states to secede and the Civil War to begin with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in 1861.
Prelude de the Civil War Lectures 1 & 2Elhem Chniti
The civil war was the greatest War America has ever experienced. These two lectures explain the political, social and economic backgroundd of the Civil War
First and second lectures for second year ISLN students in American history. The lectures focus on the economic political and social divide of the American nation in 1860-1865
The document summarizes key events and themes in American history related to slavery and its expansion between 1800-1860. It discusses how the cotton gin and other developments revived the slave system in the South. It also discusses the growing abolition movement in the North, political compromises over slavery's status in new territories, the Dred Scott decision, and rising sectional tensions that ultimately led to the Civil War.
The Civil Rights Movement sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. It was inspired by leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and organizations like the SCLC who advocated for nonviolent civil disobedience based on the teachings of Gandhi. Major events included the Montgomery bus boycott, Nashville sit-ins, and March on Washington. Federal legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed to prohibit racial discrimination and protect voting rights, marking major successes for the movement.
The document provides an overview of the Great Depression and the New Deal. It discusses the economic crisis of the 1920s that led to the Depression, including falling farm prices, overproduction, and rising debt. The magnitude of the Depression is examined through statistics on business/bank failures, unemployment, homelessness, and malnutrition. The document also summarizes Hoover's unsuccessful policies and FDR's New Deal programs in the "100 Days" to provide relief through jobs, agriculture supports, and public works projects. The immediate impact and legacy of expanding the role of government are discussed.
Core democratic values unite all Americans and include personal, political, and economic freedoms. Citizens have rights like due process, privacy, equality, and non-discrimination. Diversity and tolerance are important in a democratic society where citizens participate in government through voting and civic engagement, and no one is above the law.
The document provides background on the origins and history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. It discusses how slavery and Jim Crow laws led to discrimination and oppression of African Americans. Key events and figures discussed include the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, the Brown v. Board of Education ruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, and the influence of Gandhi's teachings of nonviolent civil disobedience on leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Chapter 3 Home Expert Discussion QuestionsJames Henry
The document contains 5 discussion questions about Chapter 3 of a Home-Expert textbook. The questions cover the founding of proprietary colonies, debates over slavery in early settlements, the advantages and disadvantages of British mercantilism for colonies and mother country, how the Glorious Revolution influenced American views of empire, and the causes and beliefs behind the Salem Witch Trials.
This document discusses the political tensions in the United States during the late 1790s between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties over foreign policy regarding Britain and France, as well as domestic issues like freedom of speech. It led to the passage of the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts by the Federalists, which were opposed by Democratic-Republicans like Thomas Jefferson through actions like the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves asserting states' rights in response.
The document provides an overview of English colonization in North America, beginning with their initial motives for profit and copying of the Spanish model. It then discusses the large numbers of English men and women who intended to stay permanently and establish farming colonies. Two key factors that drove many English to migrate were population growth in England and the English Reformation. The founding of Jamestown and Virginia colony is described, noting early struggles. The document also summarizes the founding of New England colonies by Puritans seeking religious freedom. It discusses the development of slavery and differences between the Chesapeake and New England colonies.
The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement that originated in the 1730s and 1740s in Britain and its American colonies. It arose in response to a perceived loss of piety due to the Enlightenment and a lack of traditional church structure on the frontier. The movement emphasized emotional religious experiences and justification by faith alone rather than good works. It promoted the idea that salvation was open to all and challenged the emphasis on predestination. The Great Awakening had consequences such as disputes over religious practices, the splitting of some churches, and a new vision of expanded religious liberty for individuals.
1. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to draft the Declaration of Independence due to his skills as a writer and to represent Virginia, though he was busy with many other tasks and wanted to be home with his ill wife.
2. Jefferson drafted the Declaration over two weeks in June 1776, drawing on his own writings and the ideas of the Enlightenment. He focused on condemning the King rather than Parliament.
3. Congress made some edits to Jefferson's draft, mostly toning down criticisms of the King. They adopted independence on July 2nd and approved the final Declaration on July 4th.
The document discusses the business cycle, which consists of four phases: expansion/growth, peak, recession, and trough/depression. During expansion, spending and employment rise until reaching a peak. Then a recession begins as spending and employment fall. The cycle bottoms out at a trough, with low production and high unemployment, before beginning expansion again. The business cycle is influenced by internal factors like consumption, investment, and government policy, as well as external factors such as technology and wars. The government uses fiscal and monetary policy to stabilize the economy and prevent severe recessions or inflation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
1850s roadto secession
1.
2. THE UNITED STATES IN 1850
Why 1850? - A good census was
taken; this tells us some
important information about
the nation.
3. THE UNITED STATES IN 1850
Characteristics of 1850 America:
• 16 non-slave states, 15 slave states;
• Kansas and Nebraska are still territories;
• 23 million people, most living in rural
areas;
– 3.5 million blacks;
• Largest population growth occurring in
the middle west, areas that were not
even states yet;
• Agriculture still primary way of making
a living;
4. THE UNITED STATES IN 1850
Forces of disharmony in 1850:
1. Local focus of most Americans: not generally
interested in commonality of Americans;
2. Pluralism of America: people divided
religiously, ethnically (immigration on the rise-
2 million Americans in 1850 not born in the
U.S.), etc.;
3. Sectionalism: nation divided North, South,
East, and West, and these divisions were real
and serious. Sections divided in terms of
economic bases and political beliefs. Slavery
an important issue the divided the sections.
5. Slavery
Every discussion of the causes of the Civil
War must begin here. Two crucial points:
1.) the Civil War was not a war fought- at
the beginning- over whether to eliminate
slavery from the nation;
2.) slavery was a crucial catalyst that
brought other issues to a point where war
seemed necessary to many people.
In other words, slavery is not the sole cause
of the Civil War, but without slavery, the
war virtually impossible to imagine.
6. Slavery
Slave population grew rapidly, as the
institution grew:
»1740's: 300,000 slaves
»1776: 500,000
»1800: 894,000
»1850: 3,204,000
»1860: 3,954,000
7. Slavery
How important was slavery?
• Some evidence that it was very important- by 1806
"slave codes" had emerged throughout the South.
These laws were designed to keep slaves in their
"place."
• But-- slave holders were only a minority of
Americans, and even a minority of Southerners:
– 1850, only 347,000 of 6 million Southerners held
slaves;
– 1/2 of these had fewer than 4 slaves;
– fewer than 8,000 owned 50 or more slaves;
– fewer than 2,000 had more than 100 slaves.
8. Slavery
How important was slavery?
• Clearly the big-time plantation owner was a rare
person, so why was slavery so important to
Southerners? Key factors:
1.) nearly all Southerners wanted to be big-time
owners;
2.) a rental system developed where large owners
rented slaves to small owners.
3.) racial solidarity
These factors combine to give a large portion of the
South a stake in the system. When this stake is
combined with the economic impact of, and
eventual reliance upon, slaves, the entrenchment of
the institution became virtually inevitable.
9. Territorial Expansion
Some have argued that if Southerners would have
been content to keep slavery in the states were it
had existed the Civil War would have been
unnecessary. Southerners were not so willing. A
couple of major motivations for their desire to
expand were:
1.) to protect themselves politically from an anti-
slave majority in the federal government;
2.) the possible wealth that could be obtained by
expanding their slave empire.
Many Northerners wanted to ensure that slavery
did not spread- for economic, political, and
moral/ethical reasons. This set up the likelihood
of conflict as states were added to the union.
10. Missouri Compromise
The first major dispute over the addition of territory
to the union occurred in 1819-20 with the possible
addition of Missouri to the nation.
• The number of free and slave states were equal
(11 each), and neither side wanted to give the
advantage to the other.
• At first there appeared to be a stalemate in the
government about how to add territory, but the
impasse was broken when Henry Clay helped to
work out a compromise:
Missouri would enter as a slave state,
Maine as a free state,
No new territory north of the 36°30' line (except
Missouri itself) would be allowed to have slavery.
12. Missouri Compromise
A look at a map of the U.S. in 1820 (p. 248)
shows that there was not much land south
of the 36°30' line for the expansion of
slavery. Why would Southerners accept
this compromise?
• First, the general belief about much of the
West was that it was the “Great American
Desert.”
• Additionally many Southerners hoped for
the expansion of the U.S. into land held by
Mexico (consider the later Mexican War)
and even the Caribbean islands.
13. Territory from Mexico and the
Compromise of 1850
Many opposed the war with Mexico as a
territory grab that would play into the
hands of the South and allow for the
extension of slavery.
• In 1846, Cong. David Wilmot introduced a
resolution to prohibit slavery from any
territory acquired from the Mexican War.
The "Wilmot Proviso". The proviso was
defeated, but the issue remained.
14. Territory from Mexico and the
Compromise of 1850
John C. Calhoun countered Wilmot by arguing
that the territories were the common possession
of all Americans therefore all Americans had
the right to take their property to the territories-
including slaves.
• To prohibit slavery would be to deny
Americans their basic due process right of
possession of their property. Thus, the Bill of
Rights guaranteed the right to possess slaves.
• These arguments were not adopted by Congress
either, but indicated future conflict.
15. Territory from Mexico and the
Compromise of 1850
Michigan Sen. Lewis Cass introduced a
middle option-
• “Popular Sovereignty." Allow the citizens
of the territories to administer their own
affairs. By a popular vote, they could
decide whether to have slavery.
16. Territory from Mexico and the Compromise of 1850
Another compromise produced by Henry Clay- The
Compromise of 1850.
• Among the important components of this
compromise were:
the admission of Calif. as a free state;
the organization of the rest of the southwest
without restriction as to slavery;
end use of District of Columbia as slave depot;
more rigorous fugitive slave law passed.
Compromise took 7 months of debate. Many thought
the issue of slavery and the territories was finally
settled. It was not to be so.
18. Kansas and Nebraska
• Many Northerners were anxious to build a
transcontinental railroad, and of course
they wanted it built through the North. To
do so, they needed to organize territories
in the West (Kansas and Nebraska).
Southerners were eager to have the
railroad built through their section, so
another compromise appears necessary- of
course slavery will be a crucial issue.
19. Kansas and Nebraska
• The Nebraska territory, where the railroad
was most likely to go, was north of the
36°30'line established by the Missouri
Compromise. To give their votes for laws
necessary to organize Kansas and Nebraska,
Southern congressmen demanded the option
of expanding slavery into these areas.
20. Kansas and Nebraska
• Stephen Douglas (D-Illinois) wrote a bill to
organize Kansas and Nebraska. The Kansas-
Nebraska Act, said the issue of slavery in the
territories should be decided by popular
sovereignty.
• Douglas thought he was avoiding conflict,
since as Kansas would most likely come in
slave, being next to Missouri, and Nebraska
would most likely come in free. This would
keep the relative balance between the sections.
• However, there was no avoiding conflict over
slavery in the U.S. at this time.
22. Kansas and Nebraska
• Many Northerners were furious over the
Kansas-Nebraska Act, as it amounted to a
repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Even
Northerners who were not abolitionists
were angry- the K-N Act represented a
breech of trust. If Southerners did not
respect the Missouri Compromise, then
perhaps Northerners would not respect
the new, tougher fugitive slave law. The
tenuous balance struck by the
Compromise of 1850 had been destroyed.
23. Kansas and Nebraska
• The K-N Act destroyed the 2 party
system that had existed to that time.
The Whig party fell apart over the
slavery issue, and the Democrats
became more of a Southern party. A
new party emerged- the Republicans.
24. Kansas and Nebraska
• Violence erupted in Kansas, between pro- and anti-
slavery forces.
• With popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue,
both sides sent as many people as they could to vote.
• These political opponents rapidly became warring
factions, and terrorist activities began. Examples:
– Pro-slavery forces attacked the free-state town of Lawrence,
KS, destroying newspaper presses, and even training 5
cannon on the Free State hotel, destroying it.
– These actions provoked an effort of revenge by John Brown.
Brown and four of his sons attacked a pro-slavery settlement
at Pottawatomie Creek- they chopped 5 men to death, in
cold blood, with swords. This Pottawatomie Massacre set
off a running guerilla war.
28. “The Crime Against
Kansas”
Sen. Charles Rep. Preston
Sumner Brooks
(R-MA) (D-SC)
29.
30. Kansas and Nebraska
• The dispute over "Bleeding Kansas" even produced violence
in the Congress.
• During the debate over Kansas, Senators Charles Sumner
(Mass.) and A.P. Butler (S. Car.) squared off. Sumner
became particularly rude in his arguments, accusing Butler
of taking a mistress (the mistress was slavery), and even
poked fun at Butler's speech defect that was the result of a
stroke.
• The cousin of Butler, Cong. Preston Brooks attacked Sumner
while Sumner sat at his desk, beating him mercilessly with a
cane. Sumner suffered brain damage and never fully
recovered.
– Sumner became a martyr for the cause.
– Brooks was expelled from the House, but overwhelmingly reelected.
In fact, people from all across the South sent him canes to replace the
one he broke over Sumner's skull, and perhaps to use on other
abolitionists.
31. Kansas and Nebraska
• Out in Kansas, the problems continued. 2 separate
governments were formed.
• When the territorial governor called for elections,
thousands of "Border Ruffians" spilled over the
border with Missouri to throw the election to the pro-
slavery forces. Created a pro-slavery (Lecompton)
government.
• Anti-slavery forces then refused to recognize the new
government. Held their own convention and elected
a anti-slavery (Topeka) legislature.
• The controversy aggravated the fighting in KS and in
Washington.
• Kansas, by 1858, began to withdraw from the
national stage as an active political dispute, but
served as a sign of the looming civil war.
32. Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
1852
•Sold 300,000
copies in first
year.
•2 million
copies sold in
a decade.
33. Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
1811 - 1896
“So this is the lady
who started the Big
War.”
► Abraham Lincoln
35. Dred Scot v. Sanford
• Dred Scott first went to trial to sue for his
freedom in 1847. Ten years later, his case
was finally brought before the United States
Supreme Court.
• The court decided that all people of African
ancestry -- slaves as well as those who were
free -- could never become citizens of the
United States and therefore could not sue in
federal court.
• The court also ruled that the federal
government did not have the power to
prohibit slavery in its territories. Scott,
needless to say, remained a slave.
36. √Abraham Lincoln John Bell
Republican 1860 Constitutional Union
Presidential
Election
Stephen A. Douglas John C. Breckinridge
Northern Democrat Southern Democrat
43. 1860 Election of Abraham Lincoln
• The election of 1860 - a political mess.
• Sectional divisions over the slavery issues
caused
– the Whig Party to die,
– the Democratic Party to split between the
sections,
– a Free Soil Party to form, and, finally, a
Republican Party to form from a
combination of Whigs and Free Soilers.
• In the election of 1860, 4 parties were
represented.
44. 1860 Election of Abraham Lincoln
• Abraham Lincoln was the Republican
nominee.
– he had been a Whig,
– had served in the Illinois legislature,
– had served one term in Congress,
– had made a good showing for himself in a Senate
campaign (and legendary debates) against Stephen
Douglas.
– Lincoln won the election with 180 electoral votes,
more than all the other candidates combined.
• His popular vote victory, however, was not nearly so
substantial.
46. 1860 Election of Abraham Lincoln
• The key issue in this election- Lincoln won the election
without receiving a single electoral vote from the
South.
– Not even on the ballot in states that would become
Confederacy.
• This outcome caused the South to feel as though it had
no voice in the political structure of the U.S.
– Previous presidents had insulated them from
alleged attempts to „damage their rights‟
• 8 of first 10- 12 of first 15- Presidents owned slaves.
– Lincoln could win without them, future presidents
could also. The South had been critical in the past
for presidential success- but no longer.