Significant figure ,accuracy and precision
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1) Significant figures refer to the digits in a measurement that convey meaningful information about its precision. They can include non-zero digits and zeros between or after non-zero digits. 2) Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements of the same quantity. 3) Key differences between accuracy and precision are that accuracy compares a measurement to a standard, while precision compares multiple measurements to each other. Accuracy deals with systematic errors and precision deals with random errors.
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Accuracy precision and significant figures
This document defines accuracy, precision, and significant figures in analytical chemistry.
Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision describes the reproducibility of repeated measurements. A measurement can be precise without being accurate.
There are two methods to determine accuracy - absolute and comparative. The absolute method uses samples of known composition, while the comparative method uses secondary standards. Precision is measured by tests of repeatability and reproducibility.
The number of significant figures indicates the certainty of a measurement and must be considered when performing calculations to avoid losing accuracy. Rules are provided for determining significant figures in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations.
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The document discusses accuracy and precision in measurement. It defines accuracy as how close a measurement is to the actual value, which depends on the person measuring. Precision refers to how finely tuned or close together measurements are, which depends on the measuring tool. Accuracy and precision are demonstrated through shooting at a target, where accuracy is hitting the bullseye and precision is a tight grouping of shots. Exact numbers come from counting or defined relationships, while measured numbers use a measuring tool and require estimation.
Significant Figures
This document discusses significant figures and measurement uncertainty. It provides examples of exact vs measured numbers, rules for determining significant figures, and how to properly round measurements. Key points include:
- Measured numbers have uncertainty since the last digit is an estimate
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The document discusses key concepts related to accuracy and precision in measurement. It defines accuracy as how close a measurement is to the true value, and precision as how consistent repeated measurements are. Percent error is used to quantify accuracy, while precision is expressed using standard deviation. Significant figures, proper recording of measurements, and handling calculations while maintaining significant figures are also covered.
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Today's Topic Errors - Introduction, Sources of Errors, Types of Errors, Minimization of Errors, Accuracy, Precision, Significant Figures in Pharmaceutical Analysis subject in B.pharmacy 1st year as per JNTUA Syllabus...
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The document discusses various types of errors that can occur in quantitative chemical analysis, including random errors, systematic errors, determinate errors, indeterminate errors, and errors due to faulty instrumentation, impure reagents, or improper methodology. It also describes ways to minimize errors, such as calibrating apparatus, running blanks and controls, using multiple analytical techniques, and performing replicate measurements. Accuracy is defined as how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision refers to the reproducibility of measurements.
Accuracy, Precision Measurement
Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision refers to the reproducibility of measurements. Accuracy is determined by calculating percentage error compared to the accepted value. Precision depends on the number of significant figures in a measurement as determined by the measuring tool. Random and systematic errors can affect accuracy, while random errors affect precision. The uncertainty of a measurement combines its precision and accuracy errors and is reported with the mean value and at a given confidence level, typically 95%. Propagation of error calculations allow determining the total uncertainty when a value depends on multiple measurements.
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Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true value, while precision describes the reproducibility of repeated measurements. A measurement can be precise without being accurate.
There are two methods to determine accuracy - absolute and comparative. The absolute method uses samples of known composition, while the comparative method uses secondary standards. Precision is measured by tests of repeatability and reproducibility.
The number of significant figures indicates the certainty of a measurement and must be considered when performing calculations to avoid losing accuracy. Rules are provided for determining significant figures in addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations.
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The document discusses accuracy and precision in measurement. It defines accuracy as how close a measurement is to the actual value, which depends on the person measuring. Precision refers to how finely tuned or close together measurements are, which depends on the measuring tool. Accuracy and precision are demonstrated through shooting at a target, where accuracy is hitting the bullseye and precision is a tight grouping of shots. Exact numbers come from counting or defined relationships, while measured numbers use a measuring tool and require estimation.
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- 1. SIGNIFICANT FIGURE, ACCURACY & PRECISION Prepared By: Dr. Ram Babu Tripathi Associate Prof Ram Eesh Institute of Voc. & Tech Edu. Greater Noida, UP
- 2. WHAT IS SF? A significant figure is a digit having some practical meaning, i.e. it is a digit, which denotes the amount of the quantity in the place in which it stands. For example in 0.458, 4.36 and 756 there are three significant figures in each number. Zero may or may not be a significant figure. Significant Figures: The number of digits used to express a measured or calculated quantity.
- 3. 1) Every nonzero number (1-9) is considered to be significant 4,395 has four significant figure 2) Zeros between nonzero digits are significant 50,008 has five significant figures 3) Leftmost zeros appearing in front of nonzero digits are not significant 0.0061 has only two significant figures 4) Zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal point are always significant 27.000 has five significant figures 5) Zeros at the rightmost end of a measurement that lie to the left of an understood decimal point are not significant if they serve as placeholders to show the magnitude of the number. 48,000 has 2 significant figure
- 5. ACCURACY & PRECISION Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value. For example, if in lab you obtain a weight measurement of 3.2 kg for a given substance, but the actual or known weight is 10 kg, then your measurement is not accurate. In this case, your measurement is not close to the known value. Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other. Using the example above, if you weigh a given substance five times, and get 3.2 kg each time, then your measurement is very precise.
- 7. Key Differences Between Accuracy & Precision 1. Accuracy represents the nearness of the measurement with the actual measurement. On the other hand, precision shows the nearness of an individual measurement with those of the others. 2. Accuracy is the degree if conformity, i.e. the extent to which measurement is correct when compared to the absolute value. On the other hand, precision is the degree of reproducibility, which explains the consistency of the measurements. 3. Accuracy is based on a single factor, whereas precision is based on more than one factor. 4. Accuracy focuses on systematic errors, i.e. the errors caused by the problem in the instrument. As against this, precision is concerned with random error. 5. Accuracy calculated by % Error while precision determined by the significant digits