Sickle cell
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Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder where red blood cells become hard and crescent shaped. These sickled cells clog small blood vessels and prevent adequate oxygen delivery to tissues. It is caused by a genetic mutation where hemoglobin clumps inside red blood cells when oxygen levels are low. This leads to chronic anemia, pain crises, organ damage and early death if untreated. While there is no cure, advances in treatment have significantly increased life expectancy for those with the condition.
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Sickle cell anemia final
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that replaces glutamic acid with valine in the beta globin chain of hemoglobin. This causes hemoglobin S to polymerize and distort red blood cells into a sickle shape when deoxygenated. The polymerization occurs via sticky patches on the surface of hemoglobin S molecules. This sickling leads to a vicious cycle where circulation is slowed, oxygen levels drop further, and more sickling occurs. Homozygous individuals have a life expectancy of less than 20 years due to organ damage from blocked blood vessels. Carriers have sickle cell trait which provides protection against malaria, demonstrating how the trait was selected for in malarial regions. Management involves treatments
Sickle Cell Disease
The document discusses sickle cell disease, which is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin beta gene. The mutation causes a glutamic acid to valine substitution that results in abnormal hemoglobin S. This leads red blood cells to take on a sickle shape and causes symptoms like anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ damage. The main treatment options are blood transfusions, medications, stem cell transplant, and gene therapy, as there is currently no cure for sickle cell disease.
sickle cell syndrome
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to take on a rigid, sickle shape which can cause episodes of pain and organ damage. The disease manifestations can range from asymptomatic to potentially lethal. Common clinical features include painful vaso-occlusive crises affecting the bones and organs, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, and chronic organ damage to tissues like the lungs, kidneys, and eyes. The inheritance of sickle cell disease and its variants depends on whether a person inherits one or two copies of the sickle beta-globin gene.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin. In 1904, Dr. James Herrick first observed sickle-shaped red blood cells in an African American patient, which led to the discovery and naming of the disease. The mutation causes hemoglobin to form rigid sickle shapes under low oxygen conditions, which can block blood flow and damage organs. Individuals with two copies of the mutation experience symptoms while carriers with one copy are resistant to malaria.
Final ppt sickle cell
Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood disorder caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells. It affects approximately 90,000-100,000 people in the United States, primarily those of African descent. Symptoms include episodes of severe pain, organ damage, infections, and stroke due to sickled cells blocking blood flow. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, receiving blood transfusions, and in some cases, stem cell transplants or gene therapy.
Sickle cell Anemia
This a series of notes on hematology useful for undergraduate and postgraduate medical and paramedical students. Notes are prepared from standard texts and are easy to reproduce in exams.
Medical bt seminar.pptx abc
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene that results in abnormal hemoglobin. The red blood cells take on a sickle shape, which can cause them to block small blood vessels and obstruct blood flow. This document discusses the inheritance pattern, genetics, mechanism of sickling, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of sickle cell anemia. Treatment aims to prevent crises and complications through medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant to cure the disease.
Sickle cell anemia- An Overview
Sickle cell Anemia- Biochemical defect, inheritance, frequency, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
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Sickle cell anemia final
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation that replaces glutamic acid with valine in the beta globin chain of hemoglobin. This causes hemoglobin S to polymerize and distort red blood cells into a sickle shape when deoxygenated. The polymerization occurs via sticky patches on the surface of hemoglobin S molecules. This sickling leads to a vicious cycle where circulation is slowed, oxygen levels drop further, and more sickling occurs. Homozygous individuals have a life expectancy of less than 20 years due to organ damage from blocked blood vessels. Carriers have sickle cell trait which provides protection against malaria, demonstrating how the trait was selected for in malarial regions. Management involves treatments
Sickle Cell Disease
The document discusses sickle cell disease, which is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin beta gene. The mutation causes a glutamic acid to valine substitution that results in abnormal hemoglobin S. This leads red blood cells to take on a sickle shape and causes symptoms like anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ damage. The main treatment options are blood transfusions, medications, stem cell transplant, and gene therapy, as there is currently no cure for sickle cell disease.
sickle cell syndrome
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to take on a rigid, sickle shape which can cause episodes of pain and organ damage. The disease manifestations can range from asymptomatic to potentially lethal. Common clinical features include painful vaso-occlusive crises affecting the bones and organs, acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, and chronic organ damage to tissues like the lungs, kidneys, and eyes. The inheritance of sickle cell disease and its variants depends on whether a person inherits one or two copies of the sickle beta-globin gene.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin. In 1904, Dr. James Herrick first observed sickle-shaped red blood cells in an African American patient, which led to the discovery and naming of the disease. The mutation causes hemoglobin to form rigid sickle shapes under low oxygen conditions, which can block blood flow and damage organs. Individuals with two copies of the mutation experience symptoms while carriers with one copy are resistant to malaria.
Final ppt sickle cell
Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood disorder caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells. It affects approximately 90,000-100,000 people in the United States, primarily those of African descent. Symptoms include episodes of severe pain, organ damage, infections, and stroke due to sickled cells blocking blood flow. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, receiving blood transfusions, and in some cases, stem cell transplants or gene therapy.
Sickle cell Anemia
This a series of notes on hematology useful for undergraduate and postgraduate medical and paramedical students. Notes are prepared from standard texts and are easy to reproduce in exams.
Medical bt seminar.pptx abc
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene that results in abnormal hemoglobin. The red blood cells take on a sickle shape, which can cause them to block small blood vessels and obstruct blood flow. This document discusses the inheritance pattern, genetics, mechanism of sickling, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of sickle cell anemia. Treatment aims to prevent crises and complications through medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant to cure the disease.
Sickle cell anemia- An Overview
Sickle cell Anemia- Biochemical defect, inheritance, frequency, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
Sickle cell anemia
The child was brought to a health provider with swollen hands and feet, labored breathing, and red urine. Tests found low blood oxygen and red blood cell count. Additional testing confirmed sickle cell anemia through detection of hemoglobin S, SS, SB, or SC. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that substitutes valine for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin protein, weakening red blood cells and reducing their lifespan to around 20 days. Treatments aim to supplement proteins, vitamins, antibiotics to prevent infection, and blood transfusions, but there is currently no cure.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form into a sickle shape. This causes blockages in blood vessels, pain crises, and organ damage. It is caused by a mutation that changes hemoglobin in red blood cells. Symptoms include anemia, pain crises, fatigue, infections, and stroke. Treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, treating complications, and sometimes blood transfusions or hydroxyurea. People with sickle cell anemia require lifelong monitoring and treatment.
Treatment of sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. It results in abnormal hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells. The disease is characterized by chronic anemia and periodic pain crises. Treatment involves folic acid supplementation, preventing infections and dehydration, managing pain during crises, blood transfusions for severe crises, and hydroxyurea to increase fetal hemoglobin levels. New therapies under investigation include gene therapy to potentially cure the disease.
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Gel electrophoresis can be used to diagnose sickle cell anemia in the following way:
1. Extract DNA from the patient's red blood cells and hemoglobin from blood.
2. Subject the DNA and hemoglobin to gel electrophoresis.
3. Analyze the results: Two bands for DNA indicates normal, one band indicates mutation; Two bands for hemoglobin indicates trait, one band heavier than normal indicates disease.
This allows diagnosis by detecting genetic mutations or abnormal hemoglobin proteins associated with sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell Anemia: A worldwide popular blood disorder, basically a inheritable disease. This document provides you with basic introduction to blood, Anemia its general considerations, signs and symptoms and lastly about Sickle cell Anemia in detail.
Sickle cell anemia
Drepanocytosis is also known as sickle cell anemia, characterized by sickle shaped red blood cells during periods of low oxygen. It is caused by a genetic mutation and most common in certain regions of the world. Symptoms include anemia, infections, pain crises and organ damage. Panmyelophthisis or aplastic anemia results in low blood cell counts due to bone marrow failure. It can be caused by drugs, toxins, viruses or autoimmune/genetic disorders. Patients present with fatigue, infections and bleeding due to low red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Treatment focuses on blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs or bone marrow transplantation to restore marrow activity.
Sickle Cell Disease
This document discusses sickle cell disease, which is caused by a single point mutation that changes the amino acid glutamic acid to valine in the beta chain of hemoglobin. This causes hemoglobin to polymerize within red blood cells and distort them into a sickle shape. Heterozygous carriers have the sickle cell trait and are common in parts of Africa and India, and it provides protection against malaria, while homozygous individuals experience life-threatening complications like occlusion of blood vessels. Diagnosis involves electrophoresis or a sickling test, and management relies on blood transfusions and medications that interfere with hemoglobin polymerization.
Sickle-Cell Anemia Case Study
Zola, a 2-year old girl from Southern Africa recently moved to the US and has been experiencing numerous health issues including painful wounds that are slow to heal, swollen fingers and toes, fever, paleness, and pneumonia-like symptoms. An initial diagnosis would be anemia, and blood tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis would be performed to diagnose sickle-cell anemia, which is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal sickle-shaped hemoglobin. Treatment options include medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant.
Student Work Sickle Cell
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and form a crescent shape. It is inherited from parents, with risks of having the disease depending on if parents have the trait or full disease. Symptoms include pain, fatigue, infections, and organ damage. Treatments focus on pain management, antibiotics, and blood transfusions. It most commonly affects those with ancestry from regions where malaria is common.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. It results in abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells and causes episodes of pain. The disease was first reported in Africa in the 1870s and the genetic basis was discovered in the 1940s. Symptoms can include anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ damage over time. Treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, and blood transfusions in severe cases.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell disease is caused by a point mutation in the beta-globin gene that results in the substitution of valine for glutamate. This abnormal hemoglobin, HbS, polymerizes under low oxygen conditions, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape. Inheriting one normal and one mutated gene results in sickle cell trait, which is usually asymptomatic. Inheriting two mutated genes causes sickle cell disease, where rigid, sickle-shaped cells can block blood vessels leading to pain crises and organ damage. The disease manifestation depends on whether other hemoglobin variants are present. Management involves prevention of infection, pain relief, and blood transfusions.
Sickle cell disease
A presentation made about Sickle cell disease by Yara Mostafa, Yasser Osama, Yaser Mostafa ,Ain shams university, Medicine faculty, first year students.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form clumps that can get stuck in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. This causes pain, infections, and organ damage. It occurs when someone inherits two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. Those with one sickle cell gene have sickle cell trait and do not have the disease. It most commonly affects those with ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa, South and Central America, the Caribbean, India, and Mediterranean countries. While there is no cure, treatments can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
All About Sickle Cell Anemia susquenita
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder that was originally reported in Africa in the 1870s. It causes red blood cells to take on an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. The sickling of red blood cells causes them to break apart and clog small blood vessels, limiting oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. Common symptoms include fatigue, pain, and susceptibility to infection. While there is no cure, current treatments aim to relieve pain and prevent complications through hydration and medication. Researchers are working to determine ways to switch off the defective gene that causes sickle cell anemia.
sickel cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to become rigid, sticky and sickle shaped. When these irregular cells block small blood vessels, it can cause pain, organ damage and other severe complications. Common symptoms include anemia, pain crises, susceptibility to infection. Diagnosis involves blood tests to identify abnormal hemoglobin S. Treatment focuses on pain management, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea which can help reduce symptoms and increase life expectancy. Newborn screening and genetic counseling can help prevent sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anemia presentation
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form into a sickle shape. These sickle cells block blood flow to organs and limbs, causing pain and organ damage. There are two main types - sickle cell trait where a person carries one sickle gene and has no symptoms, and sickle cell anemia where a person has two sickle genes and experiences various complications. Sickle cell anemia is most common in tropical regions of Africa, India, and the Middle East. It affects around 90,000 Americans and is diagnosed through blood tests. Treatments include pain medications, transfusions, and stem cell transplants.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sickle-shaped. It is caused by abnormal hemoglobin which makes red blood cells sticky and prone to clumping in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. This can lead to pain, infections, organ damage. Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, pain crises. There is no cure, but treatments can help relieve symptoms and complications through medications, blood transfusions, hydroxyurea. Bone marrow transplants may cure some cases. Researchers are studying gene therapy and new drugs to better treat this inherited lifelong condition.
Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease results from abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become rigid and crescent shaped. These sickled cells have a shortened lifespan and can block small blood vessels, leading to pain crises. Common clinical features of sickle cell disease include vaso-occlusive crises involving pain, acute chest syndrome, and aplastic crises where red blood cell counts drop severely. Management involves vaccination, antibiotics for infection prevention, hydration, pain medication, and in severe cases splenectomy or bone marrow transplant.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to take on a sickle, or crescent, shape that can block blood vessels. The disease results in chronic anemia, painful sickle cell crises, and increased susceptibility to infections. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, requiring mutations from both parents. Diagnosis involves tests like solubility, sickling, electrophoresis, and HPLC that detect abnormal hemoglobin S. The disease has significant health impacts and management focuses on preventing complications.
Sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea therapy increases fetal hemoglobin levels and reduces vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and altering cell adhesion molecules, with common side effects being leukopenia and neutropenia. Guidelines recommend hydroxyurea for patients with frequent pain episodes or a history of acute chest syndrome or anemia to reduce complications. Treatment involves monitoring blood counts and titrating dosage up or down based on response and side effects.
What is Credit? An illustrated story.
Manny, the owner of the general store, extends credit to Mr. Johnson, a local farmer, so he can buy horse feed. Mr. Johnson's crop last year was damaged, so he does not have the money now but will after this year's harvest. Manny knows Mr. Johnson is an honest, hardworking man who always pays his debts, so he writes down the amount owed and expects to be repaid in full later. This is an early example of how credit is extended through an agreement to borrow now and repay later. Merchants now check credit histories to determine if someone has repaid past debts on time before lending to them.
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Sickle cell anemia
The child was brought to a health provider with swollen hands and feet, labored breathing, and red urine. Tests found low blood oxygen and red blood cell count. Additional testing confirmed sickle cell anemia through detection of hemoglobin S, SS, SB, or SC. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that substitutes valine for glutamic acid in the hemoglobin protein, weakening red blood cells and reducing their lifespan to around 20 days. Treatments aim to supplement proteins, vitamins, antibiotics to prevent infection, and blood transfusions, but there is currently no cure.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form into a sickle shape. This causes blockages in blood vessels, pain crises, and organ damage. It is caused by a mutation that changes hemoglobin in red blood cells. Symptoms include anemia, pain crises, fatigue, infections, and stroke. Treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, treating complications, and sometimes blood transfusions or hydroxyurea. People with sickle cell anemia require lifelong monitoring and treatment.
Treatment of sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. It results in abnormal hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells. The disease is characterized by chronic anemia and periodic pain crises. Treatment involves folic acid supplementation, preventing infections and dehydration, managing pain during crises, blood transfusions for severe crises, and hydroxyurea to increase fetal hemoglobin levels. New therapies under investigation include gene therapy to potentially cure the disease.
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Gel electrophoresis can be used to diagnose sickle cell anemia in the following way:
1. Extract DNA from the patient's red blood cells and hemoglobin from blood.
2. Subject the DNA and hemoglobin to gel electrophoresis.
3. Analyze the results: Two bands for DNA indicates normal, one band indicates mutation; Two bands for hemoglobin indicates trait, one band heavier than normal indicates disease.
This allows diagnosis by detecting genetic mutations or abnormal hemoglobin proteins associated with sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell Anemia: A worldwide popular blood disorder, basically a inheritable disease. This document provides you with basic introduction to blood, Anemia its general considerations, signs and symptoms and lastly about Sickle cell Anemia in detail.
Sickle cell anemia
Drepanocytosis is also known as sickle cell anemia, characterized by sickle shaped red blood cells during periods of low oxygen. It is caused by a genetic mutation and most common in certain regions of the world. Symptoms include anemia, infections, pain crises and organ damage. Panmyelophthisis or aplastic anemia results in low blood cell counts due to bone marrow failure. It can be caused by drugs, toxins, viruses or autoimmune/genetic disorders. Patients present with fatigue, infections and bleeding due to low red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Treatment focuses on blood transfusions, immunosuppressive drugs or bone marrow transplantation to restore marrow activity.
Sickle Cell Disease
This document discusses sickle cell disease, which is caused by a single point mutation that changes the amino acid glutamic acid to valine in the beta chain of hemoglobin. This causes hemoglobin to polymerize within red blood cells and distort them into a sickle shape. Heterozygous carriers have the sickle cell trait and are common in parts of Africa and India, and it provides protection against malaria, while homozygous individuals experience life-threatening complications like occlusion of blood vessels. Diagnosis involves electrophoresis or a sickling test, and management relies on blood transfusions and medications that interfere with hemoglobin polymerization.
Sickle-Cell Anemia Case Study
Zola, a 2-year old girl from Southern Africa recently moved to the US and has been experiencing numerous health issues including painful wounds that are slow to heal, swollen fingers and toes, fever, paleness, and pneumonia-like symptoms. An initial diagnosis would be anemia, and blood tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis would be performed to diagnose sickle-cell anemia, which is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in abnormal sickle-shaped hemoglobin. Treatment options include medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant.
Student Work Sickle Cell
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and form a crescent shape. It is inherited from parents, with risks of having the disease depending on if parents have the trait or full disease. Symptoms include pain, fatigue, infections, and organ damage. Treatments focus on pain management, antibiotics, and blood transfusions. It most commonly affects those with ancestry from regions where malaria is common.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. It results in abnormal sickle-shaped red blood cells and causes episodes of pain. The disease was first reported in Africa in the 1870s and the genetic basis was discovered in the 1940s. Symptoms can include anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ damage over time. Treatment focuses on managing pain, preventing infections, and blood transfusions in severe cases.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell disease is caused by a point mutation in the beta-globin gene that results in the substitution of valine for glutamate. This abnormal hemoglobin, HbS, polymerizes under low oxygen conditions, causing red blood cells to take on a sickle shape. Inheriting one normal and one mutated gene results in sickle cell trait, which is usually asymptomatic. Inheriting two mutated genes causes sickle cell disease, where rigid, sickle-shaped cells can block blood vessels leading to pain crises and organ damage. The disease manifestation depends on whether other hemoglobin variants are present. Management involves prevention of infection, pain relief, and blood transfusions.
Sickle cell disease
A presentation made about Sickle cell disease by Yara Mostafa, Yasser Osama, Yaser Mostafa ,Ain shams university, Medicine faculty, first year students.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form clumps that can get stuck in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. This causes pain, infections, and organ damage. It occurs when someone inherits two sickle cell genes, one from each parent. Those with one sickle cell gene have sickle cell trait and do not have the disease. It most commonly affects those with ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa, South and Central America, the Caribbean, India, and Mediterranean countries. While there is no cure, treatments can help relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
All About Sickle Cell Anemia susquenita
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder that was originally reported in Africa in the 1870s. It causes red blood cells to take on an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. The sickling of red blood cells causes them to break apart and clog small blood vessels, limiting oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. Common symptoms include fatigue, pain, and susceptibility to infection. While there is no cure, current treatments aim to relieve pain and prevent complications through hydration and medication. Researchers are working to determine ways to switch off the defective gene that causes sickle cell anemia.
sickel cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to become rigid, sticky and sickle shaped. When these irregular cells block small blood vessels, it can cause pain, organ damage and other severe complications. Common symptoms include anemia, pain crises, susceptibility to infection. Diagnosis involves blood tests to identify abnormal hemoglobin S. Treatment focuses on pain management, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea which can help reduce symptoms and increase life expectancy. Newborn screening and genetic counseling can help prevent sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anemia presentation
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sticky and form into a sickle shape. These sickle cells block blood flow to organs and limbs, causing pain and organ damage. There are two main types - sickle cell trait where a person carries one sickle gene and has no symptoms, and sickle cell anemia where a person has two sickle genes and experiences various complications. Sickle cell anemia is most common in tropical regions of Africa, India, and the Middle East. It affects around 90,000 Americans and is diagnosed through blood tests. Treatments include pain medications, transfusions, and stem cell transplants.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become stiff and sickle-shaped. It is caused by abnormal hemoglobin which makes red blood cells sticky and prone to clumping in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. This can lead to pain, infections, organ damage. Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, pain crises. There is no cure, but treatments can help relieve symptoms and complications through medications, blood transfusions, hydroxyurea. Bone marrow transplants may cure some cases. Researchers are studying gene therapy and new drugs to better treat this inherited lifelong condition.
Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease results from abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to become rigid and crescent shaped. These sickled cells have a shortened lifespan and can block small blood vessels, leading to pain crises. Common clinical features of sickle cell disease include vaso-occlusive crises involving pain, acute chest syndrome, and aplastic crises where red blood cell counts drop severely. Management involves vaccination, antibiotics for infection prevention, hydration, pain medication, and in severe cases splenectomy or bone marrow transplant.
Sickle cell anaemia
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes red blood cells to take on a sickle, or crescent, shape that can block blood vessels. The disease results in chronic anemia, painful sickle cell crises, and increased susceptibility to infections. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, requiring mutations from both parents. Diagnosis involves tests like solubility, sickling, electrophoresis, and HPLC that detect abnormal hemoglobin S. The disease has significant health impacts and management focuses on preventing complications.
Sickle cell disease
Hydroxyurea therapy increases fetal hemoglobin levels and reduces vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase and altering cell adhesion molecules, with common side effects being leukopenia and neutropenia. Guidelines recommend hydroxyurea for patients with frequent pain episodes or a history of acute chest syndrome or anemia to reduce complications. Treatment involves monitoring blood counts and titrating dosage up or down based on response and side effects.
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What is Credit? An illustrated story.
Manny, the owner of the general store, extends credit to Mr. Johnson, a local farmer, so he can buy horse feed. Mr. Johnson's crop last year was damaged, so he does not have the money now but will after this year's harvest. Manny knows Mr. Johnson is an honest, hardworking man who always pays his debts, so he writes down the amount owed and expects to be repaid in full later. This is an early example of how credit is extended through an agreement to borrow now and repay later. Merchants now check credit histories to determine if someone has repaid past debts on time before lending to them.
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This document discusses ICT innovations on a train and aims to integrate technology into education. It mentions a train with 3 carriages and asks which carriage someone is in via an online poll. It also lists aims to integrate a broad range of technologies into learning, think creatively about using technology across subjects, and help other educators incorporate technology into their teaching.
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This document provides an overview of sickle cell anemia, including its definition, genetics, history, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment. Specifically, it describes how sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia where red blood cells become rigid and crescent shaped, which can block blood flow. It discusses the genetic basis and inheritance patterns. Symptoms include anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ damage. Treatments aim to prevent crises and complications through medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant to cure the disease.
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This document provides an overview of sickle cell anemia, including its definition, genetics, history, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment. Specifically, it describes how sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia where red blood cells become rigid and crescent shaped, which can block blood flow. It discusses the genetic basis and inheritance patterns. Symptoms include anemia, pain crises, infections, and organ damage. Treatments aim to prevent crises and complications through medications, blood transfusions, and potentially a bone marrow transplant to cure the disease.
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Sickle cell anemia
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Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary blood disorder caused by a genetic mutation that results in abnormal hemoglobin and sickle-shaped red blood cells. It affects approximately 90,000-100,000 people in the United States, primarily those of African descent. Symptoms include episodes of severe pain, organ damage, infections, and stroke due to sickled cells blocking blood flow. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on pain management, blood transfusions, medications, and in some cases stem cell transplants or gene therapy.
Sickle cell anemia
Sickle Cell disease: is a genetic disorder that affects erythrocytes (RBC) causing them
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The effects of this condition due to an abnormality of the hemoglobin molecules found
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Sickle cell anemia is a serious disease in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood
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S found in the cells.
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Sickle cell
- 2. An inherited condition that results in a decrease in the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body
- 3. Sickle red blood cells become hard and irregularly shaped (resembling a sickle) Become clogged in the small blood vessels and therefore do not deliver oxygen to the tissues. Lack of tissue oxygenation can cause pain, damage to body organs and even death.
- 5. Figure A shows normal red blood cells flowing freely in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal red blood cell with normal hemoglobin. Figure B shows abnormal, sickled red blood cells clumping and blocking the blood flow in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a sickled red blood cell with abnormal strands of hemoglobin. Source from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html
- 6. Mechanism Red blood cells (RBC) Contain a special protein called haemoglobin (Hb) Hb is the component that carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body Most people have only hemoglobin type – Hb A within RBC (normal genotype: Hb AA) Sickle Cell: HbS S similar to A, but one structural change
- 9. Mechanism -HbS When sickle haemoglobin (HbS) gives up its oxygen to the tissues, HbS sticks together Forms long rods form inside RBC RBC become rigid, inflexible, and sickle-shaped Unable to squeeze through small blood vessels, instead blocks small blood vessels Less oxygen to tissues of body RBCs containing HbS have a shorter lifespan Normally 120 days Chronic state of anaemia
- 10. Figure A shows normal red blood cells flowing freely in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a normal red blood cell with normal hemoglobin. Figure B shows abnormal, sickled red blood cells clumping and blocking the blood flow in a blood vessel. The inset image shows a cross-section of a sickled red blood cell with abnormal strands of hemoglobin. Source from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Sca/SCA_WhatIs.html
- 11. Genetics 2 copies of the gene for Hb (each parent) HbS –Recessive S=Sickle A=Normal
- 12. Sickle Cell Trait Sickle haemoglobin (S) + Normal haemoglobin (A) in RBC Adequate amount of normal Hb (A) in red blood cells RBC remain flexible Carrier Do Not have the symptoms of the sickle cell disorders, with 2 exceptions 1. Pain when Less Oxygen than usual (scuba diving, activities at high altitude (12,000ft), under general anaesthesia) 2. Minute kidney problems
- 13. Prevalence More than 2.5 million Americans have the trait 70,000 or more Americans have sickle cell disease About 1,000 babies are born with the disease each year in America In Nigeria, 1/3 population of U.S., 45,000-90,000 babies with sickle cell disease are born each year
- 14. Medical Complications 1. pain episodes 2. strokes 3. increased infections 4. leg ulcers 5. bone damage 6. yellow eyes or jaundice 7. lung blockage 8. kidney damage and loss of body water in urine 9. painful erections in men (priapism) 10. blood blockage in the spleen 11. eye damage 12. low red blood cell counts (anemia)
- 15. The Ultimate Cure? Gene Therapy 1. Correcting the “defective gene” and inserting it into the bone marrow 2. Turning off the defective gene and simultaneously reactivating another gene that turns on production of fetal hemoglobin. No real cure for Sickle Cell Anemia at this time. “In the past 30 years, the life expectancy of people with sickle cell anemia has increased. Many patients with sickle cell anemia now live into their mid-forties and beyond.”
- 16. Thank You
- 17. Websites http://www.sicklecellsociety.org/ : Another Great Site information, Counselling and Caring for those with Sickle Cell Disorders and their families: UK based http://www.sicklecelldisease.org/: Sickle Cell Disease Association of America The Human Genome Project Sickle Cell Education Site at http://www.massinteraction.org/html/genome/ http://www.ascaa.org/ American Sickle Cell Anemia Association ASCAA was founded in 1971 and is the oldest sickle cell research, education, and social services organization in the United States. http://www.ncd.gov/ http://www.painfoundation.org/
- 18. Sites for Kids http://www.sicklecellsociety.org/sicklescene/pshomf.htm Planet Sickle Cell Society (UK based) -Youth support, Poetry, Pen-Pals, Information, Message Board http://www.starbright.org/ The STARBRIGHT Foundation is dedicated to the development of projects that empower seriousl ill children to combat the medical and emotional challenges they face on a daily basis. Coloring Books on Sickle Cell from Emory: http://www.emory.edu/PEDS/SICKLE/bbc/index.htm http://www.emory.edu/PEDS/SICKLE/chelate/index.htm