2. Milestones
1990: Konigsberger and Gundlach separately
performed sialoendoscopy when they introduced an
endoscope into the major salivary glands.
1991, Katz introduced a 0.8-millimeter flexible
endoscope to diagnose and treat salivary gland stones.
1994, Nahlieli used a rigid mini-endoscope to diagnose
and treat major salivary gland obstructions
3. Introduction
Paradigm shift towards organ and function
preservation.
Open to endoscopic approach.
Diagnostic & therapeutic tool.
7. Sialolithiasis
Sialolithiasis is a common disorder characterized by
the formation of a calculus usually within the ductal
system of a gland.
Sialoliths can arise in both the major and minor
salivary glands.
Obstruction of a major duct will give rise to pain and
swelling.
Submandibular glands- 83% , than the parotid (10%) or
sublingual (7%) glands.
Data Source- Scott Brown’s text book – 8th
edition
8. sialendescope
Tip diameter – 0.9- 1.6 mm.
Mini instruments – grasping forceps, micro drills, wire
basket, high pressure balloon dilators, guide wire, biopsy
forceps
https://www.joms.org/article/S0278-2391(03)00691-
8/pdf#
9.
10.
11. Submandibular
gland Approximately 4–6 cm long with an average diameter of
1.5 mm.
Orifice diameter ranges between 0.5 and 0.1mm.
Opening just lateral to the lingual frenum.
Genu- and the angle varies between 24 and 178.
Stones distal to genu are difficult to manipulate.
13. Parotid
anatomy
Stensen’s duct: Secondary and the tertiary ducts arising from
the medial and the lateral lobe of the parotid form the
Stensen’s duct.
Passes through the buccal fat pad, buccopharyngeal fascia and
buccinator muscle
Opening-laterally to the second maxillary molar
The duct is 4–7 cm long.
Average diameter of 1.4 cm.
The orifice is 0.5 mm and 1.2 mm at the transbuccinator
muscular sphincteric passage
24. Complications
Local pain
Temporary lingual nerve paraesthesia
Ranula
Infection around papilla
Post op ductal stricture
Breaking of endoscopic tool inside the duct.