The shoulder complex consists of three main components - the shoulder girdle, shoulder joint, and scapulothoracic articulation. The shoulder girdle includes the scapula, clavicle, and sternum which connect at the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints. Five muscles act on the scapula to allow elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, and rotation. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket synovial joint formed between the humerus and scapula. It is stabilized by ligaments and surrounded by bursae. Eight muscles act on the joint to allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and

2. SHOULDER COMPLEX
• SHOULDER GIRDLE,
• SHOULDER JOINT AND
• SCAPULO-THORACIC ARTICULATION

3. SHOULDER GIRDLE
• BONES AND JOINTS
• JOINT MOTION
• MUSCLES

4. BONES AND JOINTS
BONES:
SCAPULA
CLAVICLE
STERNUM
JOINTS:
ACROMIO CLAVICULAR JOINT
STERNO CLAVICULAR JOINT
SCAPULOTHORACIC JOINT

5. STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT

6. JOINT MOTION
• ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION
• PROTRACTION AND RETRACTION
• UPWARD ROTATION AND DOWNWARD
ROTATION

7. THREE
COMPARTMENT OF
SC JOINT

8. ACROMIO CLAVICULAR
JOINT
AC CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS

9. JOINT MOTION
3 Rotatory motion:
• Internal /external rotation
• Anterior /posterior tipping
• Upward /downward rotation
3 Translatory motions:
• Anterior /posterior
• Medial /lateral
• Superior /inferior

11. Vertical axis

12. Oblique
coronal axis

13. 30˚17˚

14. Scapulothoracic Joint
• Not a true anatomic joint.
• It depends upon the integrity of SC and
AC joints.

15. MUSCLES
FIVE MUSCLES:
1. TRAPEZIUS
2. LEVATOR SCAPULAE
3. RHOMBOIDS
4. PECTORALIS MINOR
5. SERRATUS ANTERIOR

16. TRAPEZI

17. LEVATOR SCAPULAE

18. RHOMBOIDS

19. SERRATUS ANTERIOR

20. PECTORALIS MINOR

21. Resting position of scapula
•2 inches from midline
between 2nd and 7th rib
•Internal rotation- 30-45
degree from coronal plane
•Ant. Tipping – 10-20degree
from coronal plane
•Upward rotation-10-20
degree from sagittal plane

23. SHOULDER JOINT
• BONES AND JOINTS
• MUSCLE
• JOINT MOTION

24. BONES AND JOINT
 SCAPULA AND HUMERUS
 FORMING BALL AND SOCKET TYPE
OF SYNOVIAL JOINT: GLENOHUMERAL
JOINT

25. GLENOID LABRUM
• SURROUNDS AND IS ATTACHED TO TE
PERIPHERY OF THE GLENOID FOSSA.
• SUPERIORLY ATTACHED LOOSELY,
BUT INFERIORLY IT’S FIRMLY
ATTACHED.
• SERVES AS THE ATTACHMENT FOR GH
LIGAMENTS AND LONG HEAD OF
BICEPS.

26. LIGAMENTS
• SUPERIOR GH
• MIDDLE GH
• INFERIOR GH
• CORACOHUMERAL

27. CORACOACROMIAL ARCH
(SUPRAHUMERAL ARCH)
• Osteoligaamentous vault that covers the
humeral head and forms a space for
subacromial bursa, the rotator cuff
tendons, and a portion of long head of
biceps.
• Prevents the head of the humerus from
dislocating superiorly

29. BURSAE
• Subacromial bursae
• Subdeltoid bursae
• They separate the supraspinatus tendon
and the head of the humerus from the
acromion, coracoid process,
coracoacromial ligament, and deltoid .
• Space increases in inflammation.
• With Intact rotator cuff, the bursa doesn’t
communicate with the GH joint.

31. MOTIONS
• FLEXION
• EXTENSION
• ABDUCTION
• ADDUCTION
• EXTERNAL ROTATION

32. MUSCLES
• DELTOID
• SUPRASPINATUS
• INFRASPINATUS
• TERES MINOR
• SUBSCAPULARIS
• PECTORALIS MAJOR
• LATISSIMUS DORSI
• TERES MAJOR
• CORACOBRACHIALIS

42. SCAPULOHUMERAL RHYTHM:
The first 30 degrees of shoulder joint
motion is pure shoulder joint motion. After
that, for every 2 degrees of shoulder
flexion or abduction that occurs, the
scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree.
This 2:1 ratio is known as scapulohumeral
rhythm.