short range interaction for protein and factors influencing or affecting the proteins binding forces
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Short range interaction are the interaction that occur between atoms or residues that are in close proximity. Eg are hydrogen bonds, van der waall forces , hydrophobic interaction, ionic interaction (also called salt bridge), disulphide bonds .
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1. Non-covalent interactions like electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions play important roles in stabilizing macromolecular structures like proteins.
2. These interactions are weak but numerous, allowing for spontaneous assembly of larger structures. They also allow conformational changes important for biochemical functions while maintaining overall structure.
3. Electrostatic interactions depend on distance between charges and the dielectric constant of the medium, with an optimal distance of around 2.8 Angstroms. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but important in structures. Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions also contribute to stability.
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Covalent bonds, peptide bonds, and disulfide bridges stabilize protein structures through strong covalent interactions. Non-covalent interactions like van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic effects also contribute to protein stability. These non-covalent interactions are weaker than covalent bonds but work together in large numbers to stabilize a protein's native conformation. Perturbations can disrupt this delicate balance of interactions and cause protein denaturation.
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Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
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Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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short range interaction for protein and factors influencing or affecting the proteins binding forces
- 1. Short range interactions and electrostatic forces in Protein BY : HEENA BSC BIOTECHNOLOGY IIIRD YEAR ROLL NO : 6604
- 2. What is Short Range Interactions? Interaction that occur between atoms or residues that are in close proximity play role in : Protein folding , protein stability. E.g.. : 1. Hydrogen bonds 2. Van der Waals forces 3. Hydrophobic interactions 4. Ionic interactions (salt bridge) 5. Disulphide bonds
- 3. Hydrogen bond Occur between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom ( nitrogen or oxygen) Weak (than covalent bonds). Creates relatively strong dipole dipole interaction between the H- atom and electronegative atom . Plays role in :- 1. Protein folding 2. Stabilize secondary structure of proteins by forming Hydrogen bonds between backbone atom of A.A
- 4. Hydrophobic effect Occurs between non polar or hydrophobic regions of A. A In aq. Environment, Hydrophobic amino acids tend to cluster together to minimize their exposure to water . Contribute to protein folding Helps in formation of protein cores.
- 5. Ionic Interactions Also called salt bridge occurs between –ve and +ve charged amino acid residues. Contribute to stability of protein structure Role in protein – protein interaction.
- 6. Disulphide bonds Between 2 cysteine residues in protein Occur within a relatively small region of protein Provide structural stability Influence protein folding
- 7. Van der waal forces Also called London dispersion forces. Helps to hold things together. Commonly , Molecules have dipole . When 2 molecules come close their dipole attract each other and hold the molecules together. In proteins, 1. These forces maintain the shape of protein. 2. Help in proper functioning of protein.
- 8. Electrostatic forces Also called : electrostatic interactions or columbic interactions attractive and repulsive forces between charged particles Arise from presence of A.A residues Amino acid: 1. +ve charged – Basic 2. -ve charges – Acidic 3. Uncharged – neutral 2 main mechanism:- 1. Ion – ion interactions 2. Ion dipole interactions
- 9. Ion – ioninteraction: 1. Occur when 2 charged residues come close 2. May be attractive or repulsive 3. Contribute in stability and protein folding Ion- dipole interaction: 1. Between charged residues and polar molecule (water) 2. Help in solubility and hydration of protein
- 10. Strength of electrostatic forces depends on :- 1. Distance between charged residues 2. magnitude of charge 3. Dielectric constant of surrounding material.