Surgery – Anaesthesia -- By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• This PPT includes most useful Information of Anaesthesia ,which is syllabus Topic from Shalya tantra syllabus of 4th BAMS . Paper 1 Part A Point 4 --- Local anaesthesia ,Paper 1 Part A Point 4 --- Regional and General anaesthesia .This PPT includes Types of Local Anesthesia ,Drugs used in Local Anaesthesia ,General Anesthesia & drugs for GA ,Muscle Relaxants ,Stages of GA,Spinal Anesthesia ,Comparision of LA & GA
Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Kayachikitsa IMP Schlok – Part 2 - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Types of Dosha,Dhatu Vruddhi & Kshaya Lakshanas, Koshtha & Shakha Gati ,Oja,Dashavidha Pariksha bhav,Vata –Pitta-Kapha Chikitsa Upakram, Shadvidhopakrama, Srotas concept ,Sroto dushti Lakshan etc
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Fundamentals of Nasya Karma - By
Dr KSR Prasad in CME on Panchakarma for AYUSH Doctors
January 9th to 14th 2017 @ Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Review of Nasya karma with definition, classification and advantages of Nasya by different acharyas
Knowledge of Anatomy of nose and para-nasal sinuses.
Pharmacological action of modern drugs administered through nose.
Standardization of the dose of various types of Nasyas.
Standardization of Bindu Pramana.
ANALYSIS OF PANCHAKARMA RESEARCHES DONE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GRIDHRASI
Presented by Dr.Annie sebastien ,PG Scholar, Department of Panchakarma, SDMCAH Hassan
Kayachikitsa IMP Schlok – Part 2 - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Types of Dosha,Dhatu Vruddhi & Kshaya Lakshanas, Koshtha & Shakha Gati ,Oja,Dashavidha Pariksha bhav,Vata –Pitta-Kapha Chikitsa Upakram, Shadvidhopakrama, Srotas concept ,Sroto dushti Lakshan etc
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Fundamentals of Nasya Karma - By
Dr KSR Prasad in CME on Panchakarma for AYUSH Doctors
January 9th to 14th 2017 @ Alva’s Ayurveda Medical College, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Review of Nasya karma with definition, classification and advantages of Nasya by different acharyas
Knowledge of Anatomy of nose and para-nasal sinuses.
Pharmacological action of modern drugs administered through nose.
Standardization of the dose of various types of Nasyas.
Standardization of Bindu Pramana.
The Research topics and reseaech areas has been explained in ail, which are helpful for Undergraduates to get the research grants, PG Scholars and Ph.D Scholars to select theirs research topics..
A Review Article on Different Types of Incisions According to Sushrutaijtsrd
The field of education in medical science is traditionally divided in two branches as one medicine and other surgery. The division wasby the virtue of Agnivesha and Dhanwantarisampradaya exist in Ayurveda from early stage of human civilization.Sushruta is the major scholar of Dhanwantarisampradaaya. Acharya Sushruta laid down the fundamentals of surgery in the very first surgical text in Indian history with all the basic protocols which are still now practiced successfully. Though due to the advancement of medical science, it introduce new technique that completely transformed the practice of surgery over the period of time.Incisions are basics of surgery which has both Surgical and Anatomical importance. Surgical view of incision avoids cosmetic damage and anatomical view provide safeguard to vital structures. Acharya Sushruta stated specific incisions in relation to various parts of bodyas well as in relation to the specific diseases.There are number of incisions explained by Sushruta, like Tiryak, Chandrakara, Ardhacandhrakara, Langalak, Ardhalangalaketc.Hence an attempt made to elaborate different types of incisions told in SushrutaSamhita with their scientific validation. Anjaneya | Syeda Ather Fathima | Shivalingappa J. Arakeri | Mohasin Kadegaon | Geethanjali Hiremath "A Review Article on Different Types of Incisions According to Sushruta" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47661.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/47661/a-review-article-on-different-types-of-incisions-according-to-sushruta/anjaneya
LN Ayurved College & Hospital, Kolar Road, Bhopal professor of Panchakarma and Head of the department Dr K Shiva Rama Prasad has delivered a Guest lecture on the Importance and Standard procedures of Raktamokshana at Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education & Research under Dept. of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal on 18th November 2019.
Fracture & dislocation is well described in Ayurveda. Sushruta Samhita have a separate chapter for bhagna etiology, features, types, prognosis, Management by name of Bhagna-Kandabhagna-Sandhimukta. The basics principles and management of fracture are accurate as per modern orthopedics.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Agnikarma is a medical procedure done using controlled heat and fire. It is done in various Disease like Corn, Warts, Piles, Fistula in Ano, To Arrest bleeds etc.
Kayachikitsa IMP Schlok – Part 1 - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Definition of Chikitsa, Definition of Sharir, Chatushpad, Chikitsa dhistit Purush, Pathya –Apathya, Yukti Vyapashraya Chikitsa, Santarponattha Vyadhi, Vyadhi Samprapti, Causes of Vata,Pitta & Kapha Prakop, Shat Kriya Kal, Clinical Features of Vata,Pitta & Kapha Prakop, Vyadhi kshamatva,Dosha Pak & Dhatu Pak,Aam etc
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
The Research topics and reseaech areas has been explained in ail, which are helpful for Undergraduates to get the research grants, PG Scholars and Ph.D Scholars to select theirs research topics..
A Review Article on Different Types of Incisions According to Sushrutaijtsrd
The field of education in medical science is traditionally divided in two branches as one medicine and other surgery. The division wasby the virtue of Agnivesha and Dhanwantarisampradaya exist in Ayurveda from early stage of human civilization.Sushruta is the major scholar of Dhanwantarisampradaaya. Acharya Sushruta laid down the fundamentals of surgery in the very first surgical text in Indian history with all the basic protocols which are still now practiced successfully. Though due to the advancement of medical science, it introduce new technique that completely transformed the practice of surgery over the period of time.Incisions are basics of surgery which has both Surgical and Anatomical importance. Surgical view of incision avoids cosmetic damage and anatomical view provide safeguard to vital structures. Acharya Sushruta stated specific incisions in relation to various parts of bodyas well as in relation to the specific diseases.There are number of incisions explained by Sushruta, like Tiryak, Chandrakara, Ardhacandhrakara, Langalak, Ardhalangalaketc.Hence an attempt made to elaborate different types of incisions told in SushrutaSamhita with their scientific validation. Anjaneya | Syeda Ather Fathima | Shivalingappa J. Arakeri | Mohasin Kadegaon | Geethanjali Hiremath "A Review Article on Different Types of Incisions According to Sushruta" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47661.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/47661/a-review-article-on-different-types-of-incisions-according-to-sushruta/anjaneya
LN Ayurved College & Hospital, Kolar Road, Bhopal professor of Panchakarma and Head of the department Dr K Shiva Rama Prasad has delivered a Guest lecture on the Importance and Standard procedures of Raktamokshana at Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education & Research under Dept. of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal on 18th November 2019.
Fracture & dislocation is well described in Ayurveda. Sushruta Samhita have a separate chapter for bhagna etiology, features, types, prognosis, Management by name of Bhagna-Kandabhagna-Sandhimukta. The basics principles and management of fracture are accurate as per modern orthopedics.
Charak & 50 Mahakashay – Part 1 – By Prof.Dr.R.R.deshpande
• This Topic is very Popular in Ayurvedic field .This 50 Groups are like Readyrecknor or Practical Prescriber for Ayurvedic Medical Practice. This Topic is a part of Syllabus in 2 subjects of BAMS course –1) Dravyaguna vignyan ( Paper 1 Part A ,Point 10 –Dashemani Gan 2) Charak Purvardha ( Charak Sutrasthan ,Chaper 4 –Shadvirechan Shatiya) .Each group consists of 10 Herbs .So 50 x 10 = 500 Herbs .But unfortunately many Herbs are controversial & many are not available .Students will easily now note ,which plants are not available from this PPT .Also this PPT will explain the Pharmacodynamics of these herbs .So students by their own intelligence can add other herbs also in this Group
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 9226810630
Agnikarma is a medical procedure done using controlled heat and fire. It is done in various Disease like Corn, Warts, Piles, Fistula in Ano, To Arrest bleeds etc.
Kayachikitsa IMP Schlok – Part 1 - PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following features –
• Imp Contents – Definition of Chikitsa, Definition of Sharir, Chatushpad, Chikitsa dhistit Purush, Pathya –Apathya, Yukti Vyapashraya Chikitsa, Santarponattha Vyadhi, Vyadhi Samprapti, Causes of Vata,Pitta & Kapha Prakop, Shat Kriya Kal, Clinical Features of Vata,Pitta & Kapha Prakop, Vyadhi kshamatva,Dosha Pak & Dhatu Pak,Aam etc
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Ayurveda is divided into eight parts. Hence it is also known as Ashtanga ayurveda.
These are as follows: Kaya, Bal, Graha, Urdhwa, Shalya, Dhanstra, Jara, Vrishan.
Functional Anatomy of the Spine for Anesthesiaperezjohnangelo
A discussion I prepared on the anatomy of the spine for my anesthesia rotation during clerkship. It looks at the spine from an anesthesiologist's perspective and how it relates to spinal and epidural anesthesia.
Lecture slides for undergraduates medical (MBBS) Students. Source material for this presentation is Essentials of Pharmacology, KD Tripathi, Katzung and Goodman and Gillman. It deals with Local anaesthetics with their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics , adverse effects and therapeutic uses.
Clinical Examination of Nervous System - PPT -- By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT explains how to perform Central Nervous System Examination systematically & step by step .This includes (1) Examination for higher functions (2) Examination of cranial nerves (3) Examination of sensory system (4) Examination of motor system (5) Examination of reflexes (6) Examination of gait (7) Examination of spine and cranium (8) Examination for special signs (such as cerebellar signs)
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Phone – 922 68 10 630
This presentation gives you a detail information about the Local Anesthetics and its history, mechanism of action, Pharmacological action along with its indication and adverse effect. It also contains the information about techniques used for Injecting Local Anesthesia.
The administration of Local anesthesia is the greatest fear a child would encounter in the dental office. Hence it is important that dentists obtain pain control with minimum discomfort to the child. This Review VEDIO provides an overview about the various local anesthetic agents used in pediatric dental practice, dosage, complications and the recent advances
Ayurvedic Concept of Waste Products
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- 1) Mutra ( Urine) , 2) Purisha ( Faeces or Stool ) , 3) Sweda ( Sweat ) ,4) Rasa Mal –Kapha , 5) Rakta Mal – Pitta , 6) Mansa Mal – Kha mal , 7) Meda Mal – Sweda , 8) Asthi Mal – Kesha ,Lom ,Nakha, Smashru 9) Majja Mal – Akshi & Vit –Sneha , 10) Shukra Mal –Oja
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurvedic Concept of Upadhatu
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- What is Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissues) ?,Difference in Dhatu & Upadhatu ,Stanya ( Breast Milk) ,Raj ( Menstrual Discharge) ,Sira ( Blood Vessels) ,Kandara( Tendons) ,Vasa ( Fat in Meat) ,Twacha ( Skin) ,Sandhi ( Bony Joints) ,Syayu ( Aponerosis, Sphincters ,Tendons)
•
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurvedic Concept of Srotas
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 1st , 2nd , 3rd ,4th BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Ayurvedic Concept of Srotas ,Causes for the Pathology of Srotas ,Clinical Features of Pathological Srotas ,Treatment for Pathology in Srotas
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Dravyaguna PPT
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT is very useful for students ,teachers of 2nd BAMS
• Also useful for Medical Practitioners
• PPT includes Medicinal plants mentioned in CCIM Syllabus
• PPT Contain --- Latin Name ,Useful part ,Type of plant –Tree or herb or creeper ,Description of leaves ,Product Picture of Plant
• Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
• visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Stri rog & Prasuti Tantra Question Papers
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
This PPT has following Imp Contents – Final Year UG BAMS Question Papers of the Subject –Stri Rog & Prasuti Tantra .This is PDF .Download it & Save in your mobile .You can Zoon in & enlarge the image & read it .Very useful for Ayurved UG & PG students.
Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Dhatu Sarata
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
This PPT has following Imp Contents – Concept of Health ,Bioenergy + Body Tissues- Supporters and pillars of our body.+ Healthy & Disease state , To keep fit –Functions of each Dhatu
What is Dhatu Sarata ? ,What is the Importance of Sarata Examination ,Importance of Saravan Dhatu ,Types of Dhatu Sarata ? ,Practical Utility of Dhatu Sarata ,Dashavidha Pariksha What is meaning of word- Sara ? ,Advice for Heena Dhatu Sarata Clinical Features of Each Dhatu Sarata ,Diction
visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Virechan – Panchakarma
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction of Virechan 2) Causes of Pitta Vitiation 3) Pitta & Rakta –Relation ( Ashraya –Ashrayi) 4) Virechan –Indications 5) Virechan – Contraindications 6) Virechan –Benefits 7) Pre Treatment of Virechan ( Purva Karma) 8) Symptoms of Optimal Snehan or Oiling 9) Virechan – Main Procedure ( Pradhan Karma) 10) Advice after Virechan 11) Post Regimen after Virechan 12) Sansarjankram ( Specific Diet Advice) 13) Symptoms of Proper Virechan ( Samyak) 14) Symptoms of Less Virechan ( Ayog) 15) Symptoms of Excess Virechan ( Ati yog) 16) Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of Virechan Dravyas 17) Types of Virechan 18) Drug Formulations 19) Virechan in Clinical Practice Worms Burn wounds Acne Vulgaris ,Urticaria 20) Case study
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Mechanism of Respiration
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Mechanism of Respiration 2) 2 Stages of Respiration 3) Muscles of Respiration 4) Bucket Handle movement of ribs 5) Pump Handle movement of Sternum 6) Role of Expiratory Muscles 7) Role of Accessory Muscles 8) Respiration & Ayurved
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Management of Problems in Sub-types of Tri-dosha
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – Health problems & Management of Sub types of Vata,Pitta & Kapha
• 5 Subt ypes of Vata –Prana,Udan,Vyan,Saman,Apan
• 5 Sub Types of Pitta – Pachak,Ranjak,Sandhak,Bhrajak ,Alovhak
• 5 Sub types of Kapha – Kledak,Bodhak,Avalambak,Schleshak ,Tarpak
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Ayurved Propagation in Germany
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Munich ,German Visit in 2012 –By Prof.Dr.Deshpande 2) Details of Travelling 3) Photographs 4) Programme Details 5) Details of Preparation of –Dhanyak Him ; Panchakol Phanta ; Shatavari Kalpa ;Kshir Bala Taila ;Arjun Kshirpak
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Shalya Tantra(Surgery) –Part 1- B
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents –1) Sterilization
• 2) Anaesthesia 3) Positions 4) Incisions 5) Bandages
• 5) IV Fluids 6) Shock
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Shalya Tantra(Surgery) –Part 1- A
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 1) Introduction 2) Historical IMP points 3) Abnormalities at birth 4) Instruments Like -- Kidney Tray , Scalpel & Blades Different Forceps ,Retractors ,Catheters ,Ryle’s Tube Flatus Tube ,Sigmoidoscope ,Proctoscope
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Second BAMS Question Papers –Summer 2018
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – MUHS - Question Papers of Summer 2018 .Subjects – Dravyaguna Paper 1 & 2 ;Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana –Paper 1 & 2 ; Agadtantra ;Charak Purvardha
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Meda Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 6 July 2018
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Meda Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Meda Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Meda - Sthana or site iii) Meda -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Meda -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Meda ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Meda Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Meda Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Meda Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Meda Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Meda Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Mansa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Meda -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Meda Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Meda Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Mansa Dhatu
– By Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
Uploaded on 3 July 2018
This PPT is a part of First BAMS .Syllabus of Sharir Kriya .Paper 2 & Part A. Point 1 . Introduction of Dhatu .This PPT contains --- Information of Mansa Dhatu
12 Points to study Physiological Aspect of Mansa Dhatu –i) Name, Nirukti, Synonyms ii) Mansa - Sthana or site iii) Mansa -- Swarup, Sanghatan ( Structure & Composition iv) Mansa -- Dhatu Prakar ( Types) v) Mansa ------ Dhatu --- Tridha Parinaman ( Metabolism) vi) Mansa Dhatu Poshan kal ( Time for Formation of Dhatu) vii) Mansa Dhatu Guna ( Properties or Attributes) viii) Mansa Dhatu Praman ( Quantity) ix) Mansa Dhatu Karya ( Functions) x) Mansa Dhatu Sarata ( Quality of Dhatu) xi) Mansa -- Upadhatu ( Secondary Tissuers) xii) Mansa -- Dhatu Mala ( Waste Products)
2 Points to study Pathological Aspect of each Dhatu – i) Mansa Dhatu Vruddhi ( Pathological Excess) ii) Mansa Dhatu Kshaya ( Deficiency)
Mobile – 922 68 10 630
Web site – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Female reproductive system
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents
• Description of Organs of Female Reproductive System –Vagina,Cervix ,Uterus ,Fallopian Tubes ,Ovary ,
• Menstruation –Slide 54 to 66
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Male reproductive system
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – Introduction ,Penis ,Scrotum , Testis , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoon, Epididymis , Vas deferance ,Accessory Glands , Seminal Vesicle , Prostate Gland , Bulbourethral Glans , Spermatozoa , Spermatogenesis , Seminiferous tubules , Control of Spermatogenesis , Fate of Spermatozoa, Metabolism of Spermatozoa , Fertilization of Ovum, Semen
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Pediatrics in GP
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – Basic Understanding of Paediatrics ,Normal Weight,Mile Stones, About Breast Milk ,Immunization, Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, Rickets, Pica ,Febrile Convulsions, Epilepsy,Chronic Recurrent Cough ,Bed wetting ,Causes of Crying of Baby
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
GI Tract –Part 1
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
• This PPT has following Imp Contents – 5) Histology of Digestive Tract 6) Salivary glands 7) to 19) –Functions of Liver 21) Five Secretions & Five Movements 25) Functions of Salivary Gland 33) Functions of Gastric secretions 43) Functions of Pancreatic Sectretions 53) Intestinal Juice –Enzymes 54) Functions of Large Intestine 58) Deglutition
• 65) Mastication 73) Movements of Stomach 80) Enteric Nervous system 90) Movements of small Intestine 102) Defecation Reflex 109) Stool
• Visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
1. Anaesthesia
• Presented By –
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D
in Ayurvdic Medicine & M.D.
in Ayurvedic Physiology)
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• professordeshpande@gmail.
com
9/10/2016 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1
2. Purpose of this PPT
• This PPT is based on Shalya Tantra Syllabus of
CCIM -2012
• Points covered are
• Paper 1 Part A Point 4 --- Local anaesthesia
• Paper 1 Part A Point 4 --- Regional and
General anaesthesia-
9/10/2016 2Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
3. Topics covered in this PPT
• Types of Local Anesthesia
• Drugs used in Local Anaesthesia
• General Anesthesia & drugs for GA
• Muscle Relaxants
• Stages of GA
• Spinal Anesthesia
• Comparision of LA & GA
9/10/2016 3Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
4. Paper 1 Part A Point 4
• Local Anesthesia –
• Reversible depression of nerve impulse
conduction
• So temporary loss of sensation & relief of pain
9/10/2016 4Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
5. Equipments for Anesthesia
• 1) Laryngoscope 2) Endo Tracheal Tube (ETT)
• 3) Ambubag 4) Boyle’s apparatus
• 5) Pulse oximeter 6) Cardiac monitor
• 7) B. P. Instrument 8) Stethoscope
• 9) Spinal Needle 10) Tray of Emergency drug
• 11) Suction catheter 12) O2 cylinder
9/10/2016 5Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
7. Pre Anesthesia
• Physical fitness must
• Control of DM & BP
• Oral hygiene ( there should not be Pyorrhoea
like septic focus , loose or artificial denture )
• Nutritional & hydration should be normal
• Base line Lab reports should be normal like Hb,
Bl sugar ,KFT,LFT, & ECG
• Systemic Examination findings – Normal
9/10/2016 7Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
8. Grades of Patient by ASA
• ASA = Americal Society of Anesthesiologist
• Grade 1=No abnormality
• Grade 2= Mild systemic disorders
• Grade 3 = Severe systemic disease
• Grade 4 = Life threatening severe systemic
disease
• Grade 5 = Highest risk
• Grade 6 = Dead
9/10/2016 8Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
9. Anesthesia - Premedication
• Tab Calmpose – 1 hs ,previous night of
operation ( As a Tranquiliser)
• Inj Calmpose – at the time of surgery
• Inj Atropine – 0.6 mg IM ( reduces secretions)
9/10/2016 9Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
11. 1) Infiltration Anaesthesia
• Local anesthetic drug is injected into the area
which is to be incised in a circular manner
• Used in - Excision of lipoma, polyp, dermal
cyst, etc.
9/10/2016 11Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
12. 1) Infiltration Anaesthesia
• Anesthetic is infiltrated into the tissues to be
operated upon
•
• Suitable for small skin lesions ,for suturing
small lacerations
• Xylocaine with adrenaline is used .But if
longer duration of action is required
Bupivacaine is used
9/10/2016 12Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
13. 1) Infiltration Anaesthesia
• In case of lacerated wound ,the injection may
be given from inside the margin of wound
• In palms ,soles ,nose ,infiltration is difficult (
because skin is tightly bound down)
• For infiltrating dome of an abscess ,a small
quantity is given by insulin syringe ,very
superficially
9/10/2016 13Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
14. 2) Field Block
• Zone of analgesia is created around the
operative field by injecting local Anesthetic
• Used in Minor surgery ( when unconsciousness
with GA can be fatal )
9/10/2016 14Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
15. 3)Nerve Block
• Local anesthetic drug is injected near the
nerve ,which is supplying operated area
• Used as Brachial block, Finger (ring) block,
Intercostal nerve block etc.
9/10/2016 15Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
16. Regional Anesthesia
• Particular area is anesthetized by a field or
nerve block
• For removal of a sebaceous cyst on the back
,field block can be used ( Local aneasthetic is
infiltrated on the skin of back in the area
,encircling the cyst )
9/10/2016 16Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
17. Regional Anesthesia
• In Nerve block ,the anaestheic drug is
deposited near the nerve
• Flooding technique – As there are anatomical
variations in localization of nerves ,large
volume of Anaesthetic drug is given in wider
area
• Injection should never be given in nerves (
recognized by the occurance of paraesthesia
during infiltration )
9/10/2016 17Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
18. Examples of Nerve blocks
• 1) Supraorbital Nerve block – To anesthetize skin of
forehead
• 2) Digital Nerve block – without adrenaline.By
blocking dorsal digital nerve ,whole finger can be
anaesthetized
• 3) Median Nerve block – This nerve lies behind
palmaris longus tendon at the wrist .This will
anaesthetize thumb,index,middle & half of ring finger
& corresponding of area of palm –dorsal & palmer
aspect
9/10/2016 18Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
20. Examples of Nerve blocks
• 4) Ulnar nerve block -- This will block little
finger & medial half of ring finger .A combined
median & ulnar block will anaesthetise the
whole hand
• 5) Posterior Tibial nerve block – Xylocaine is
injected ,just anterior to Achilles tendon at the
level of medial malleolus .Used in cases of
injuries on plantar aspect of foot
9/10/2016 20Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
21. Examples of Nerve blocks
• 6) Calcaneal Nerve block – 5 ml Xylocaine is
injected as a band into the skin below the level
of medial malleolus .Skin of heel is
anaesthetized .
• Useful for removal of corn ,For suturing
laceration in Plantar skin .Useful for giving
steroid injection to a patient of Plantar fasciitis
9/10/2016 21Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
22. Examples of Nerve blocks
• 7) Ankle block – This will anesthetize whole
foot .Rarely used
• 8) Penile block – Never use Xylocaine with
adrenaline .Use plain Xylocaine .Complete ring
block is not required ,because nerve enters
only along dorsal aspect .Useful for
circumcision & for correcting paraphimosis
9/10/2016 22Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
23. 4) Surface Anaesthesia
• Local anesthetic agents is used in the form of
spray, ointment, cream & jelly, lotion to
anesthetized surface skin
• Used in Catheterization, Cystoscopy,
Insertion of Ryle’s tube, etc.
9/10/2016 23Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
24. 4) Surface Anaesthesia
• Anesthesia is obtained by application of local
anaestheic drug to the surface of skin or
mucous membrane
• EMLA skin cream ( Lignocaine + prilocaine)
• With this cream anaethesia is produced after 1
hour ,after thick application
• Mucous membrane can easily anaesthetised
by eye or ear drops ,throat lozenges,rectal
jelly
9/10/2016 24Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
25. 5) Spinal & Epidural Anesthesia
• Both are Types of Local Anesthesia
9/10/2016 25Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
26. Advantages of LA
• 1) Simple & easy to administer
• 2) Body metabolism is not disturbed .So
special attention is not required
• 3) Less bleeding
• 4) Cheap
• Note – In spite of these advantages some
patients prefer GA ,due to fear of remain
conscious during operation
9/10/2016 26Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
27. Examples of Medicines for LA
Sr.No Specialty of Drug Drug
1 Low potency + short acting Procaine
2 Moderate Potency +
moderate duration
Lignocaine
( Xylocaine)
3 High Potency + Long
duration
Bupivacaine,
Marcaine
9/10/2016 27Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
28. Local Anesthetic drugs
• Commonly used drugs – Lignocaine –either
plain or with adrenaline ,Bupivaine ,
Procaine, Amethocaine
• Procaine ( Novocaine ) & Amethocaine (
Tetracaine) – Less potent & give frequently
Hypersensitive reactions
9/10/2016 28Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
29. Lignocaine ( Xylocaine)
• Most commonly used
• Stable & can be stored at room temperature
• Onset of action is rapid & duration of action ranges
from 30 to 60 min ( depending on local vascularity &
site)
• Addition of Adrenaline ( 1 in 2 Lakhs) – prolongs
action up to 2 hours
• Available as 2 % solution with or with out adrenaline
9/10/2016 29Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
30. Adrenaline
• Usually combined with Lignocaine
.Adavantages are –
• Adrenaline is local vasoconstrictor .So less
amount of Lignocaine is absorbed by which it
remains in tissue longer & we get prolonged
local anaesthetic effect
• Combination is useful in highly vascular areas
like face & scalp .It gives dry operative field
within 10 min
9/10/2016 30Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
31. Adrenaline
• Although there are advantages ,there is risk as well –
• Due to effect of local vaso constriction ,if it is used
around end arteries ( around digit or penis) ,it will
cause gangrene
• So Lignocaine with adrenaline should be avoided at
digits,tip of nose,pinna of ear,shaft of penis
• Plain & lignocaine with adrenaline are available in
different colour bottles
9/10/2016 31Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
32. Reaction to Lignocaine
• Anaphylactic is possible but rare
• Reactions occur due to use of large doses or large
amount enters into systemic circulation
• Aspirate ,before injecting locally .Needle should be
kept constantly moving forward & backward ( so
even if needle enters into blood vessel ,small amount
enters in circulation)
• Lignocaine poisoning – Hypotension, Bradycardia,
Heart block
9/10/2016 32Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
33. Bupivacaine ( Marcaine)
• More prolonged action
• 4 times more potent than Xylocaine
• So popular for spinal anaesthesia & painless
labour
• No benefit in minor surgeries of GP level
9/10/2016 33Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
34. For LA
• Enquire about history of allergy to anaesthetic
drug
• Do not exceed Toxic dose
• Be carful in patients with heart & liver disease
• Select proper site for nerve block
• Avoid accidental IV injection
• Keep watch on bradycardia & twitching on
face ( These are early signs of Toxicity)
9/10/2016 34Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
35. Lignocaine
• Used for –
• Nerve block & Infiltration 0.5 to 2 %
• Ointment 2 %
• Eye drops 4%
• Spinal Anesthesia 5%
• Dose – 5 mg / kg
9/10/2016 35Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
36. Lignocaine – Caution
• Lignocaine with adrenaline should never used
,where end arteries are present
• Tip of fingers
• Lips & Ear
• Penis
• Otherwise – Vasoconstriction effect – Necrosis
• Lignocaine with adrenaline is contraindicated in
MI & HT
• Dose of Lignocaine with adrenaline –
• 5 to 7 mg /kg --- Max 300 mg
9/10/2016 36Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
37. Bupivacaine
• Basically this is long acting Anesthesia ,but can
be used for LA
• Max dose = 150 mg
• Duration = 4 to 6 hours
9/10/2016 37Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
38. LA – Disadvantages
• Allergic reaction – From minor to serious like
Anaphylactic shock
• Nerve or vessel injury
• Lignocaine can not act in the acidic condition
of pus
9/10/2016 38Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
39. GA
• Reversible loss of sensations & consciousness
• Clinical features – Loss of sensations ,muscle
relaxation, diminished reflexes,
unconsciousness
• Types – 1) Inhalation of Nitrous oxide ,Ether 2)
Intravenous – Thiopentone sodium ,ketamine
9/10/2016 39Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
40. GA
• Techniques – Open drop method or Nitrous
oxide through Boyle’s apparatus
• Complications – Hypotension, Respiratory
depression, Nausea & vomiting, Hepato or
renal Toxicity
9/10/2016 40Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
41. Drugs for GA – Nitrous oxide
• Laughing gas ,Non irritating ,better smelling
,safest, administered with oxygen ,Post OP
complications less
• Disadvantages are BP may increase ,
Teratogenic effect
9/10/2016 41Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
42. Drugs for GA – Ether
• Colourless volatile liquid
• Muscle relaxation is good so used in all
abdominal surgeries ,safe
• Disadvantages are as vapours are highly
irritative to URT,causes Nausea & vomiting
,increases secretions of all glands
9/10/2016 42Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
43. Drugs for GA – Thiopentone sodium
• Ultra short acting for minor surgeries
• Non irritant to lungs .Less nausea & vomiting
,Muscle relaxation is rapid
• Disadvantages are shock may occur due to fall
in BP ,respiratory depression,recovery period
is long
• Dose – 5mg/kg ,IV
9/10/2016 43Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
44. Drugs for GA – Ketamine
• Called as ‘Dissociative Anesthesia’
• Good for repeated use
• Respiration not depressed
• Used while dressings of burn ,Incision &
Drainage
• Contraindicated in IHD (HR,BP –Elevated)
• 2mg/kg IV & 10mg/kg IM
9/10/2016 44Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
45. Muscle relaxants
• During abdominal surgeries or in fracture
reduction process ,in addition to Anesthetic
drugs muscle relaxants are also used
• Scoline – 50 to 70 mg –action for 5 min
• Flaxedil – 80 to 120 mg – action for 30 min
• Curare – 15 to 18 mg IV –action for 45 min
• Pavulon – 6 mg – action for 60 min
• Neostigmine – Antidote for Curare
9/10/2016 45Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
46. Stages of Anesthesia
• 1) Stage of Analgesia
• 2) Stage of Excitement
• 3) Stage of surgical Anesthesia
• 4) Stage of respiratory paralysis
9/10/2016 46Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
47. Stages of Anesthesia
• I) Stage of Analgesia ---
• Stage is from giving of Anesthetic drugs up to
loss of consciousness
• In this stage pain is diminished
• Respiration & reflexes are normal
• Used for minor operations like labour & for
Incision & Drainage
9/10/2016 47Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
48. Stages of Anesthesia
• II) Stage of Excitement
• This stage is from loss of consciousness to
regular respiration
• Patient gets excited , involuntary movements
occur , pupils are dilated, blood pressure and
heart rate increases
9/10/2016 48Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
49. Stages of Anesthesia
• III) Stage Of Surgical Anesthesia
• In this stage there will be shift of respiration
from regular to irregular
• BP goes down ,Muscle tone decreases
9/10/2016 49Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
50. 3 – Stage of Surgical Anesthesia
• This stage is divided into 4 planes
• 1) Roving eye balls
• 2) Loss of Corneal & laryngeal reflexes
• 3) Pupils starts dilating & light reflex loss
• 4) Intercostal paralysis, shallow abdominal
respiration
9/10/2016 50Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
51. Stages of Anesthesia
• IV) Stage Of Respiratory Paralysis
• Irregular respiration
• BP drops down
• Pupils fully dilate
• Finally patient may die if situation is not
treated properly
9/10/2016 51Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
53. Epidural Anesthesia
• Type of local anesthesia
• Direct block of spinal nerve roots in epidural
space leading to centrifugal spread ,which
affects the nerve in block
• It can be done with the patient in the lateral
decubitus position.
9/10/2016 53Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
54. Epidural Anesthesia
• Epidural needle does not have sharp tip, so chance of
puncture in dura matter is very rare.
• In epidural anesthesia 16 to 18 number touhy
needle is used
• Needle is passed through the midline or para median
• Needle passes structure as similar to spinal
anesthesia except penetration into sub-arachnoid
space
9/10/2016 54Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
55. Spinal Anesthesia
• Also called as saddle block or saddle
anesthesia
• Local anesthetic drugs is injected around
spinal cord to block transmission of neural
impulses
• When drugs are injected in sub arachnoid
space it is called as Spinal Anesthesia.
9/10/2016 55Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
56. Spinal Anesthesia
• After injecting anesthetic drug in subarachnoid space
patient is given sitting position on table for 10 min.
Then it is known as Saddle Block or Saddle
Anesthesia.
• In sitting position CSF has more than 375 mm of Hg
pressure & in supine position CSF has 180 mm of Hg
pressure.
• So that drug does not go upward but spreads mostly
in lower limb .Hence more effect of drug can be seen
in lower abdomen
9/10/2016 56Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
57. Spinal Anesthesia
• Types –
• 1) Low spinal Anesthesia
• 2) Mid spinal Anesthesia
• 3) High Spinal Anesthesia
• Advantages
• Adequate relaxation with retention of
consciousness + No irritation of lungs
• Operative haemorrhage is less due to fall of Blood
pressure
9/10/2016 57Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
59. Spinal Anesthesia – Used in --
• Prostectomy, LSCS, Hysterectomy
• Hemorrhoidectomy & Fistulectomy
• Lower limb fractures
• Urological, gynaecological, lower limb, &
below umbilical operations
• If patient is unfit for GA due to respiratory
diseases ,liver & kidney diseases , diabetes
9/10/2016 59Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
60. Spinal Anesthesia can not be used
• Severe Anaemia
• Shock
• Hypoxia
• Nerological diseases
• Patient of migraine or chronic headache
9/10/2016 60Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
61. Drugs for Spinal Anesthesia
• 1) Lignocaine
• Dose - 15 to 100 mg Duration – 1 to one &
half hour
• 2) Bupivacaine
• Dose - 25 to 50 mg Duration – up to 3 hours
9/10/2016 61Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
62. Drugs for Spinal Anesthesia
• 3) Tetracaine
• Dose - 5 to 25 mg , Duration – up to 2 & half
hour
• 4) Cinchocaine (Nupercaine) / Dibucaine
• Dose - 2.5 to 10 mg , Duration – Up to 3 hours
9/10/2016 62Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
63. Spinal Anesthesia Procedure
• In sitting position or in left lateral position.
• In lying position ,back is kept parallel to edge
of table.
• In sitting position Leg should be flexed with
back bent forward & advised to rest his arm
on his shoulder.
• The back is cleaned with savlon, iodine &
spirit, under strict aseptic precautions.
9/10/2016 63Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
64. Spinal Anesthesia Procedure
• L3, L4 intervertebral space or L4 & L5 space is
commonly used.
• Lumbar puncture needle 25 to 27 G is inserted
in midline between intervertebral space
perpendicular to skin.
9/10/2016 64Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
66. Spinal needle passes through
• 1) Skin
• 2) Subcutaneous tissue
• 3) Supra spinal ligament
• 4) Inter spinal ligament
• 5) Ligamentum Flaveum
• 6) Epidural space
• 7) Dura matter
• 8) Sub arachnoid space
9/10/2016 66Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
67. Spinal needle
• How to confirm of correct insertion of spinal
needle in subarachnoid space ?
• Free resistant to hand & continuous CSF free
flow
9/10/2016 67Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
68. Complications of Spinal
Anesthesia
• 1) Hypotension due to vasodilation
• 2) Septic meningitis
• 3) Backache
• 4) Retention of urine
• 5) Headache
9/10/2016 68Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
69. Difference in LA & GA
• 1) Site of action in LA is peripheral nerve but
in in GA it is CNS
• 2)LA gives anesthesia to restricted area & GA
gives to whole body
• 3) Patient remains conscious in LA but not in
GA
• 4) LA is for minor procedures but GA is for
major operations
9/10/2016 69Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande