Reflects the growing awareness about the environment in the field of economic and business

1. GREEN ECONOMICS

2. What is Green Economics ?
 Green economics is an approach to economics in
which the economy is considered to be a component
of, and dependent upon, the natural world within
which it resides and of which it is a part.
 Takes the widest possible view of stakeholders of a
transaction to include impacts to nature, non-human
species, the planet, earth sciences, the biosphere.
 Includes and builds on environmental economics and
ecological economics, and includes principles of
social equity at the core of its concerns.

3. Three Axioms of Green Economics
 It is impossible to expand forever into a finite
space.
 It is impossible to take forever from a finite
resource.
 Everything on the surface of the Earth is
interconnected.

4. Subsets of Green Economics
 Environmental Economics
 Resource Economics
 Sustainable Development

5. Environmental Economics
 Environmental Economics undertakes
theoretical or empirical studies of the
economic effects of national or local
environmental policies around the world.
 Particular issues include the costs and benefits
of alternative environmental policies to deal
with air pollution, water quality, toxic
substances, solid waste and global warming.

6. Resource Economics
 The field of resource economics includes the study
of environmental economics, agricultural production
and marketing, bioeconomics, community economic
development, resource utilization, and environmental
policy.
 It has evolved as the idea of "natural resources" and
"human resources" were challenged by the ideas of
"natural capital" and "human capital" and is now hard
to characterize as a separate field of its own. It was a
major influence on the theory of Natural Capitalism
and of eco-villages.

7. Sustainable Development
 Sustainable development is defined as balancing the
fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the
natural environment so that these needs can be met
not only in the present, but in the indefinite future.
 The field of sustainable development can be
conceptually broken into four constituent parts:
environmental sustainability, economic sustainability,
social sustainability and political sustainability.

8. Concerns of Green Economics
 Global Warming
 Pollution and Waste Disposal
 Depleting Resources
 Water
 Energy

9. Global Warming
 Global warming refers to the increase in the average
temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans
in recent decades and its projected continuation.
 An increase in global temperatures is expected to
cause sea level rise, increased intensity of extreme
weather events, changes in agricultural yields, glacier
retreat, species extinctions and increases in the ranges
of disease vectors.

10. Pollution and Waste Disposal
 Pollution is the introduction of pollutants (whether chemical
substances or energy ) into the environment which result in
deleterious effects of such a nature as to endanger human
health, harm living resources and ecosystems, and impair or
interfere with amenities and other legitimate uses of the
environment.
 Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,
recycling or disposal of waste materials, usually ones
produced by human activity, in an effort to reduce their effect
on human health or local aesthetics or amenity. A subfocus in
recent decades has been to reduce waste materials' effect on
the natural world and the environment and to recover resources
from them.

11. Depleting Resources
Water resources
 Water quality has become a critical issue as ground
water depletion has worsened over the years.
 Biological contamination of fresh water resources has
severely impacted availability of fresh water.
 Lowest availability of fresh water in the world by
2025: World Bank Report.
 Need for Rainwater Harvesting, Reuse and
Recycling.

12. Depleting Resources
Energy
 Non judicious use of non renewable sources of
energy like fossil fuels have made it imperative to
look for alternative sources of energy.
 Renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar
power, tidal power, geothermal power, hydropower,
methanol, ethanol and biodiesel, which do not suffer
from finite energy reserves, but do have a finite
energy flow have to be explored.

13. Sources %age usage
Oil 37.3
Coal 25.3
Gas 23.3
Nuclear 5.7
Biomass 3.8
hydroelectric 3.2
Solar heat 0.5
Geothermal 0.2
Bio fuels 0.2
Solar PV .04
Wind 0.3

14. INITIATIVES TAKEN BY THE
GOVERNMENT
 The U.S. government has recently shifted subsidies
worth $16b from big oil to renewable sources of
energy.
 Germany provides substantial subsidies for installing
solar electricity.
 The U.K. government uses company car tax and road
tax to keep a tab on Carbon-di-oxide emissions.
 Indian government has proposed tax rebates on using
CFL’s.

15. INITIATIVES TAKEN BY
CORPORATIONS
 Compared to 1990,energy consumption by
industry has fallen by 5%.
 Climate change levy, EU emission trading
scheme.
 The government recently launched the Energy
Conservation Building Code (ECBC) for the
construction sector with an aim to increase the
energy efficiency of new buildings.