This study aims at determining the prevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats reared traditionally in northern Côte d’Ivoire villages. For that, serum samples collected from 171 goats randomly selected from five localities in the Departement of Korhogo and tested the presence of anti-PPRV antibodies by a Competitive Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA). Overall, seroprevalence of PPR in the area was 36.26% (62/171). All the localities sampled had at least one PPR-positive animal. Age and sex of the animals were not significantly (p>0.05) associated with the infection; however, localities of sampled animals, showed significant (p<0.05) association with PPR virus-infection in goats. It is then concluded that there is high seroprevalence of PPR in traditional raised goats in northern Côte d’Ivoire. Therefore, vaccination campaigns against PPR are advocated to prevent the transmission and spread of PPR in the area.
Hematological Parameters of three Strains of Local Cocks in Northern NigeriaIJEAB
The study was conducted to determine the hematological parameters of three strains of the Nigerian indigenous cocks. A total of 15 sexually matured (14-18 month of age) breeders cocks comprising (5 normal feathered, 5 frizzled feathered and 5 naked neck) were used for the experiment. The study was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri. Blood samples were collected from 9 breeder’s cocks which were randomly selected 3 per genotype and used for hematological parameters examination. Hematological examination such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell ( RBC) , Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration ( MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume ( MCV) showed significant (P<0.05)> 0.05) different between normal feathered and frizzle feathered but there is significant difference ( P< 0.05) with naked necked cock. Neutrophil ( N) showed significant (P<0.05)>0.05) difference between normal feathered and naked neck feathered , fizzle feathered and necked neck respectively but showed significant (P<0.05) difference between fizzle feathered and normal feathered respectively for M and E. the study concluded that variation in the heamatoloical parameters between three strains of local chicken in Nigeria is due to difference in their genetic makeup.
The document summarizes an experiment investigating the role of the insulin signaling pathway in determining wing morphs (long or short wings) in the soapberry bug Jadera haematoloma. Environmental manipulations found that short winged morphs were more common in high food/low crowding conditions. Knockdown of genes in the insulin pathway, including InR1, InR2, Akt and Chico, produced varying results, with InR2 knockdown increasing long winged morphs. Akt and Chico knockdown primarily resulted in failure to molt to adulthood. Further quantitative analysis of gene expression is needed to better understand the pathway's role and robustness.
This study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals in the Benadir region of Somalia. Blood samples were collected from 151 animals (camels, cattle, sheep, goats) and tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the Latex Agglutination Test. Overall, 24 of 151 animals (15.9%) tested positive. The highest rates of infection were found in sheep (34.5% of 29 tested) and goats (26.7% of 30 tested). Female animals also had a higher rate of infection (10.6% of 106) than males (5.3% of 45). This study provides new data on Toxoplasmosis in livestock in Somalia
This study investigated the seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in sheep and goats in Ethiopia. A total of 1420 serum samples were collected from sheep and goats in various areas and tested using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was found to be 69.1% in sheep and 60.53% in goats. Seroprevalence varied between study areas, ranging from 14.5% to 91.43%. Higher seroprevalence was seen in adult animals compared to young animals, and in females compared to males. While there was no difference between local and crossbreed animals, seroprevalence was higher in sheep than goats. The study indicates that blu
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
— Herpesviruses that infect fishes belong to the Herpesvirales order and Alloherpesvirus family. In these species, the different types of herpesvirus can cause tumors, adenocarcinoma and skin lesions. This study aims detect to presence of herpesvirus in fishes from commercial, recreation or experimental creations of the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Organ fragments and lesions of 53 fish species coming of mortality cases were forwarded at Biological Institute for examination by transmission electron microscopy by research of etiological agent. By transmission electron microscopy through negative staining technique, were observed herpes virus-like particles in 46 fishes and through embedding resin technique, in ultrathin sections were visualized herpes virus immature particles, measuring 90-110nm in diameter, located in the nuclei and complete particles measuring 160nm. In the histopathology technique, lesions associated with the virus as corpuscles inclusion, papillomas, and dermal lesions and in the gills were observed in 27 fishes. The evaluated techniques of TEM and the histopathology were effective for the rapid detection of herpesvirus in the examined samples.
This study examined the emergence of Campylobacteriosis in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria over a 3-year period from 2011-2014. Stool, water, beef, and chicken samples were tested for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella species. The results showed increasing prevalence of C. jejuni over the study period, with the highest levels found in beef samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found that C. jejuni isolates were most susceptible to Ceftriaxone and least susceptible to Tetracycline. Overall, the results indicate that Campylobacteriosis is an emerging public health issue in the study location.
Bacterial Orchitis and Epididymo-orchitis in Broiler BreedersRafael Monleon
A unilateral case of orchitis in a male broiler breeder was caused by Staphylococcus aureus, while a bilateral case of epididymo-orchitis in another male broiler breeder was caused by Escherichia coli. Microscopic examination found heterophilic interstitial-intratubular orchitis and epididymitis in both cases, with intralesional bacterial colonies. The infections were believed to have occurred via the ascending route in both cases. This report describes two cases of bacterial orchitis/epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders and identifies novel causes.
Hematological Parameters of three Strains of Local Cocks in Northern NigeriaIJEAB
The study was conducted to determine the hematological parameters of three strains of the Nigerian indigenous cocks. A total of 15 sexually matured (14-18 month of age) breeders cocks comprising (5 normal feathered, 5 frizzled feathered and 5 naked neck) were used for the experiment. The study was conducted from October to December 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Maiduguri. Blood samples were collected from 9 breeder’s cocks which were randomly selected 3 per genotype and used for hematological parameters examination. Hematological examination such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell ( RBC) , Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cell (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration ( MCHC), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Volume ( MCV) showed significant (P<0.05)> 0.05) different between normal feathered and frizzle feathered but there is significant difference ( P< 0.05) with naked necked cock. Neutrophil ( N) showed significant (P<0.05)>0.05) difference between normal feathered and naked neck feathered , fizzle feathered and necked neck respectively but showed significant (P<0.05) difference between fizzle feathered and normal feathered respectively for M and E. the study concluded that variation in the heamatoloical parameters between three strains of local chicken in Nigeria is due to difference in their genetic makeup.
The document summarizes an experiment investigating the role of the insulin signaling pathway in determining wing morphs (long or short wings) in the soapberry bug Jadera haematoloma. Environmental manipulations found that short winged morphs were more common in high food/low crowding conditions. Knockdown of genes in the insulin pathway, including InR1, InR2, Akt and Chico, produced varying results, with InR2 knockdown increasing long winged morphs. Akt and Chico knockdown primarily resulted in failure to molt to adulthood. Further quantitative analysis of gene expression is needed to better understand the pathway's role and robustness.
This study investigated the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals in the Benadir region of Somalia. Blood samples were collected from 151 animals (camels, cattle, sheep, goats) and tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the Latex Agglutination Test. Overall, 24 of 151 animals (15.9%) tested positive. The highest rates of infection were found in sheep (34.5% of 29 tested) and goats (26.7% of 30 tested). Female animals also had a higher rate of infection (10.6% of 106) than males (5.3% of 45). This study provides new data on Toxoplasmosis in livestock in Somalia
This study investigated the seroprevalence of bluetongue virus in sheep and goats in Ethiopia. A total of 1420 serum samples were collected from sheep and goats in various areas and tested using c-ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was found to be 69.1% in sheep and 60.53% in goats. Seroprevalence varied between study areas, ranging from 14.5% to 91.43%. Higher seroprevalence was seen in adult animals compared to young animals, and in females compared to males. While there was no difference between local and crossbreed animals, seroprevalence was higher in sheep than goats. The study indicates that blu
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
— Herpesviruses that infect fishes belong to the Herpesvirales order and Alloherpesvirus family. In these species, the different types of herpesvirus can cause tumors, adenocarcinoma and skin lesions. This study aims detect to presence of herpesvirus in fishes from commercial, recreation or experimental creations of the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Organ fragments and lesions of 53 fish species coming of mortality cases were forwarded at Biological Institute for examination by transmission electron microscopy by research of etiological agent. By transmission electron microscopy through negative staining technique, were observed herpes virus-like particles in 46 fishes and through embedding resin technique, in ultrathin sections were visualized herpes virus immature particles, measuring 90-110nm in diameter, located in the nuclei and complete particles measuring 160nm. In the histopathology technique, lesions associated with the virus as corpuscles inclusion, papillomas, and dermal lesions and in the gills were observed in 27 fishes. The evaluated techniques of TEM and the histopathology were effective for the rapid detection of herpesvirus in the examined samples.
This study examined the emergence of Campylobacteriosis in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria over a 3-year period from 2011-2014. Stool, water, beef, and chicken samples were tested for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella species. The results showed increasing prevalence of C. jejuni over the study period, with the highest levels found in beef samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found that C. jejuni isolates were most susceptible to Ceftriaxone and least susceptible to Tetracycline. Overall, the results indicate that Campylobacteriosis is an emerging public health issue in the study location.
Bacterial Orchitis and Epididymo-orchitis in Broiler BreedersRafael Monleon
A unilateral case of orchitis in a male broiler breeder was caused by Staphylococcus aureus, while a bilateral case of epididymo-orchitis in another male broiler breeder was caused by Escherichia coli. Microscopic examination found heterophilic interstitial-intratubular orchitis and epididymitis in both cases, with intralesional bacterial colonies. The infections were believed to have occurred via the ascending route in both cases. This report describes two cases of bacterial orchitis/epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders and identifies novel causes.
1. The study characterized Echinococcus granulosus genotypes from cyst samples collected from buffalo, sheep, and humans in Bangladesh using PCR of mitochondrial genes.
2. Two genotypes were identified: the common sheep strain G1 and the buffalo strain G3. Nine of 15 buffalo samples and 6 of 9 sheep samples tested positive for G1 using 12S rRNA, while 3 buffalo tested positive for G3 using COX1.
3. Sequence analysis revealed close identity between Bangladeshi isolates and reference sequences for G1 and G3 from other countries. This is the first molecular characterization of Echinococcus spp. in Bangladesh.
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
This document describes a case study of canine trypanosomosis (African sleeping sickness) with epistaxis (nosebleed) in a 2-year old Alsatian dog. The dog presented with fever, lethargy, pale gums, and epistaxis. A blood smear revealed numerous trypanosome parasites. Laboratory tests found moderate anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia. The dog was treated with diminazene diaceturate to eliminate the trypanosomes and doxycycline as a secondary infection could not be ruled out. Adrenaline and vitamin K3 were also administered to stop the epistaxis. The clinical signs,
Morphology of erythrocyte and hematological parameters of red tilapia (Oreoch...Innspub Net
The study focused on investigating the morphology of erythrocyte and some hematological parameters (including Hct index, Hb value, RBC count, WBC & thrombocyte count) on red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) infected Streptococcus agalactiae before infection (control), five days post-infection and ten days post-infection. The experiment was arranged with two treatments containing control treatment and infection treatment. Each treatment has 3 replications with 3 tanks/treatment (n=10 fish). In this study, the hematological indexes both enhanced while the size of the erythrocyte reduced over five days and ten days of infection. Immature erythrocytes and abnormal erythrocytes are abundantly present in the peripheral blood of infected red tilapia, explaining the decrease in mean erythrocyte size and the RBC count increases.
Causes of Mortality in Two Commercial Turkey Strains Raised Concurrently Unde...Rafael Monleon
This study examined causes of mortality in two commercial turkey strains (StL and StR) raised together under simulated commercial conditions. All parameters were identical except breeder flock age (40 weeks for StL vs. 53 weeks for StR). Total mortality was 9.6% and necropsied. StR mortality was 3.3% higher than StL. Significant differences in causes of mortality between strains were observed for yolk sac infection (7.4% in StR vs. 2.4% in StL) and spontaneous cardiomyopathy (2.6% in StL vs. 0.9% in StR). Other causes of mortality did not significantly differ between strains.
- World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5 to raise awareness about environmental issues. The 2021 theme is "Ecosystem Restoration".
- Ecosystem restoration involves assisting the recovery of degraded or destroyed ecosystems, as well as conserving intact ecosystems, through activities like planting trees, greening cities, and cleaning up rivers and coasts.
- Restoring 350 million hectares of land and aquatic ecosystems between 2010-2030 could generate $9 trillion in ecosystem services and remove 13-26 gigatons of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. However, with the global population growing rapidly, intense pressure is being put on the Earth's resources and environment.
Resource use efficiency in livestock: Bridging the biotechnology-livestock pr...ExternalEvents
Resource use efficiency in livestock: Bridging the biotechnology-livestock productivity gap in East Africa presentation by Denis Mujibi, Nelson Mandela African Institute for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: From Discovery to ...ICRISAT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume crop after soybean, accounting for a substantial proportion of human dietary nitrogen intake and playing a crucial role in food security in developing countries. We report the∼ 738-Mb draft whole genome shotgun sequence of CDC Frontier, a kabuli chickpea variety, which contains an estimated 28,269 genes. Resequencing and analysis of 90 cultivated and wild genotypes from ten countries identifies targets of both breeding-associated genetic sweeps and breeding-associated balancing selection. Candidate genes for disease resistance and agronomic traits are highlighted, including traits that distinguish the two main market classes of cultivated chickpea—desi and kabuli.
A participatory Ecohealth study of smallholder pig system in upland and lowla...ILRI
Presented by P. Inthavong, K. Blaszak, P. Durr, B. Khamlome, V. Somoulay, J. Allen, J. Gilbert, H. Holt and K. Graham at the 2012 Ecohealth conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012.
Hematalogy as economic traits indicatorSarzamin Khan
This study examined hematological markers in five varieties of helmeted guinea fowl to identify parameters suitable for improving productivity. The results showed that sex influenced mean corpuscular volume and platelets, but not white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Variety significantly affected all hematological parameters. Specifically, black, pearl black, pearl ash and white varieties had higher white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume than the ash variety. Pearl ash had a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin than other varieties. Black variety had higher platelets. The study suggests hematological parameters could be used as markers in breeding programs to aid selection and improve
A presentation as a webinar for the Winn Feline Foundation that focuses on recent findings related to the signatures of selection in the domestic cat genome
Occurrence and Distribution of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis in North ...Rafael Monleon
The study determined the occurrence and distribution of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) and its correlation with infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broiler chickens from 78 flocks in 5 complexes in North Carolina. On initial gross evaluation of proventriculi from all complexes, flocks were diagnosed with TVP, but microscopic examination confirmed TVP in only 3 flocks from one complex. A subsequent study of this complex found 9 of 15 flocks were TVP-positive by histopathology, with 5 initially positive and 4 more on re-sampling. All initially positive flocks also tested positive for an adenovirus-like virus (AdLV) using immunofluorescence assays. Only 3 f
The paper reports on a study examining blood parasites in two dairy farms in Khartoum State, Sudan. Ninety-six cattle were examined, with 48.96% found to be positive for blood parasites. The most common parasites identified were Theileria species at 16.67% prevalence, followed by Anaplasma species at 13.54% and Babesia species at 3.13%. Some cattle showed mixed infections. Babesia bigemina infection was confirmed in 3 samples using PCR-RFLP analysis. The health of infected animals improved after treatment, and mortality in adult cows stopped. The study concludes that babesiosis and anaplasmosis should be considered causes of mortality and economic losses
Analysis of Chemical Component of Hydatid fluid in infected sheep with Echine...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed 267 fecal samples from cattle, goats, and poultry in Botswana for the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans. A total of 72 samples (26.9%) tested positive for C. neoformans, mostly from cattle. The isolates were further analyzed to determine their mating type (MATα, MATa, or hybrids). Mating type analysis revealed the presence of all three types in the isolates from cattle, poultry, and goats, with MATα being most common. The results suggest that veterinary animals can act as reservoirs for C. neoformans and highlight the need to prevent transmission to at-risk human populations.
Development and comparison of capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and i...Alexander Decker
This document describes a study that developed and compared a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) test and an indirect immunofluorescent test (IIFA) for detecting Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV). NSDV was purified from an infected sheep sample and used to immunize animals to produce antibodies. A C-ELISA was developed using these antibodies. 20 samples were tested with both C-ELISA and IIFA (the current standard), finding 95% agreement between the tests. C-ELISA had higher specificity (100% vs IIFA 80%) and was more efficient than IIFA which requires skilled personnel and tissue culture facilities. The study demonstrated C-ELISA as a viable
This study examines genetic variation in the Alabama hog sucker (Hypentelium etowanum) across river drainages in the southeastern United States using DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Tissue samples were collected from seven locations and DNA was extracted and amplified via PCR. Approximately 1150 base pairs of the cyt b gene were sequenced. Preliminary results found genetic variations between populations that are consistent with a previous study. The sequences from a new location in the Little Tallapoosa drainage were most closely related to those from the Chattahoochee drainage. This ongoing study aims to increase sampling to further resolve the genetic structure of H. etowanum across its range.
Researchers used zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) to generate knockout rats by targeting three genes - green fluorescent protein (GFP), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Rab38. ZFNs were microinjected into rat embryos to induce mutations in the target genes. Of 295 founder animals screened, 35 (12%) contained targeted mutations, including full knockout of the GFP transgene in some animals. Mutations were transmitted to offspring, demonstrating the ability of ZFNs to disrupt genes and induce heritable mutations in the rat genome. This technique allows for targeted genetic modification of the rat, an important model for studying human disease.
This document summarizes a comparison of stem rust in oats and yellow rust in wheat in Sweden. It finds that stem rust, primarily affecting oats, shows variation expected from a sexually reproducing population, while yellow rust, primarily affecting wheat, can easily survive systemic infection and has a green bridge, allowing it to persist clonally. Sexual reproduction is necessary for stem rust epidemiology but not for yellow rust in the Swedish cropping system. A model is described that could help understand how dominant clones of pathogens appear and are replaced over multiple seasons.
This study investigated how two isolates of coccolithoviruses (EhV86 and EhV163) infect the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi under phosphate-deplete and replete conditions. The viruses were tested individually and in competition. EhV163 was found to lyse E. huxleyi more efficiently than EhV86 in both nutrient environments. While the presence of a phosphate-related gene in EhV86 did not provide an advantage, there was a synergistic effect when both viruses were present together. Phosphate played a minor role in the infection dynamics, and genetic differences between the viruses likely give EhV163 a competitive advantage.
Heritability estimates of, genetic and phenotypic correlations among some sel...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated carcass traits in Japanese quails. It found that sex significantly influenced most carcass traits, with females having higher weights for some traits than males. The quails had an average dressing percentage of 72.36%. Heritability estimates for the carcass traits ranged from low to high. All carcass traits were positively genetically correlated with pre-slaughter live weight. Phenotypic correlations between live weight and other traits followed the same trend as genetic correlations. The study concluded that Japanese quail have high efficiency for meat production and indirect selection could be used to improve the carcass traits.
This study determined the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in and around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia from 2008-2009. A total of 500 serum samples from sheep and goats were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test and complement fixation test. The overall prevalence of brucellosis was 1.2% by the Rose Bengal plate test and 0.4% by the complement fixation test. All positive samples by complement fixation test were from adult female goats. While the prevalence was low, the study concluded that brucellosis exists in the area and positive animals should be eliminated to control spread of the disease in small ruminants.
Distribution of cattle tick-borne haemoparasites in 54 Departments of Côte d’...Open Access Research Paper
The Rhipicephalus microplus tick is a major economic and veterinary concern on livestock production in tropical regions of the world. In Côte d’Ivoire, this invasive and proliferating tick has occupied almost the entire territory. To assess the prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in cattle following this invasion, a parasitological study was carried out in 179 farms in 54 departments. Blood and tick samples were collected from 895 cattle over one year of age, with 5 individuals per farm. Ten tick species were identified, of which Rhipicephalus microplus the most found. Microscopic analysis of blood smears identified 3 tick-borne haemoparasites: Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale and Babesia bovis, with prevalences between 4% and 24% according to departments. Only the Southern, Central, and Northern zones were infested with tick-borne haemoparasites of cattle. The highest prevalence of Babesia bovis (8%) was found in the Southern zone. Agboville’s department was the most infested by A. marginale (24%) and B. bovis (20%). Parasitological analyses revealed a low prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in Côte d’Ivoire. A molecular study should be conducted to confirm these results.
1. The study characterized Echinococcus granulosus genotypes from cyst samples collected from buffalo, sheep, and humans in Bangladesh using PCR of mitochondrial genes.
2. Two genotypes were identified: the common sheep strain G1 and the buffalo strain G3. Nine of 15 buffalo samples and 6 of 9 sheep samples tested positive for G1 using 12S rRNA, while 3 buffalo tested positive for G3 using COX1.
3. Sequence analysis revealed close identity between Bangladeshi isolates and reference sequences for G1 and G3 from other countries. This is the first molecular characterization of Echinococcus spp. in Bangladesh.
A Case Of Canine Trypanosomosis With Epistaxis In A TwoYear Old Alsatian Dogiosrjce
This document describes a case study of canine trypanosomosis (African sleeping sickness) with epistaxis (nosebleed) in a 2-year old Alsatian dog. The dog presented with fever, lethargy, pale gums, and epistaxis. A blood smear revealed numerous trypanosome parasites. Laboratory tests found moderate anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoproteinemia. The dog was treated with diminazene diaceturate to eliminate the trypanosomes and doxycycline as a secondary infection could not be ruled out. Adrenaline and vitamin K3 were also administered to stop the epistaxis. The clinical signs,
Morphology of erythrocyte and hematological parameters of red tilapia (Oreoch...Innspub Net
The study focused on investigating the morphology of erythrocyte and some hematological parameters (including Hct index, Hb value, RBC count, WBC & thrombocyte count) on red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) infected Streptococcus agalactiae before infection (control), five days post-infection and ten days post-infection. The experiment was arranged with two treatments containing control treatment and infection treatment. Each treatment has 3 replications with 3 tanks/treatment (n=10 fish). In this study, the hematological indexes both enhanced while the size of the erythrocyte reduced over five days and ten days of infection. Immature erythrocytes and abnormal erythrocytes are abundantly present in the peripheral blood of infected red tilapia, explaining the decrease in mean erythrocyte size and the RBC count increases.
Causes of Mortality in Two Commercial Turkey Strains Raised Concurrently Unde...Rafael Monleon
This study examined causes of mortality in two commercial turkey strains (StL and StR) raised together under simulated commercial conditions. All parameters were identical except breeder flock age (40 weeks for StL vs. 53 weeks for StR). Total mortality was 9.6% and necropsied. StR mortality was 3.3% higher than StL. Significant differences in causes of mortality between strains were observed for yolk sac infection (7.4% in StR vs. 2.4% in StL) and spontaneous cardiomyopathy (2.6% in StL vs. 0.9% in StR). Other causes of mortality did not significantly differ between strains.
- World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5 to raise awareness about environmental issues. The 2021 theme is "Ecosystem Restoration".
- Ecosystem restoration involves assisting the recovery of degraded or destroyed ecosystems, as well as conserving intact ecosystems, through activities like planting trees, greening cities, and cleaning up rivers and coasts.
- Restoring 350 million hectares of land and aquatic ecosystems between 2010-2030 could generate $9 trillion in ecosystem services and remove 13-26 gigatons of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. However, with the global population growing rapidly, intense pressure is being put on the Earth's resources and environment.
Resource use efficiency in livestock: Bridging the biotechnology-livestock pr...ExternalEvents
Resource use efficiency in livestock: Bridging the biotechnology-livestock productivity gap in East Africa presentation by Denis Mujibi, Nelson Mandela African Institute for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: From Discovery to ...ICRISAT
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume crop after soybean, accounting for a substantial proportion of human dietary nitrogen intake and playing a crucial role in food security in developing countries. We report the∼ 738-Mb draft whole genome shotgun sequence of CDC Frontier, a kabuli chickpea variety, which contains an estimated 28,269 genes. Resequencing and analysis of 90 cultivated and wild genotypes from ten countries identifies targets of both breeding-associated genetic sweeps and breeding-associated balancing selection. Candidate genes for disease resistance and agronomic traits are highlighted, including traits that distinguish the two main market classes of cultivated chickpea—desi and kabuli.
A participatory Ecohealth study of smallholder pig system in upland and lowla...ILRI
Presented by P. Inthavong, K. Blaszak, P. Durr, B. Khamlome, V. Somoulay, J. Allen, J. Gilbert, H. Holt and K. Graham at the 2012 Ecohealth conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012.
Hematalogy as economic traits indicatorSarzamin Khan
This study examined hematological markers in five varieties of helmeted guinea fowl to identify parameters suitable for improving productivity. The results showed that sex influenced mean corpuscular volume and platelets, but not white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Variety significantly affected all hematological parameters. Specifically, black, pearl black, pearl ash and white varieties had higher white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and packed cell volume than the ash variety. Pearl ash had a higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin than other varieties. Black variety had higher platelets. The study suggests hematological parameters could be used as markers in breeding programs to aid selection and improve
A presentation as a webinar for the Winn Feline Foundation that focuses on recent findings related to the signatures of selection in the domestic cat genome
Occurrence and Distribution of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis in North ...Rafael Monleon
The study determined the occurrence and distribution of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP) and its correlation with infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broiler chickens from 78 flocks in 5 complexes in North Carolina. On initial gross evaluation of proventriculi from all complexes, flocks were diagnosed with TVP, but microscopic examination confirmed TVP in only 3 flocks from one complex. A subsequent study of this complex found 9 of 15 flocks were TVP-positive by histopathology, with 5 initially positive and 4 more on re-sampling. All initially positive flocks also tested positive for an adenovirus-like virus (AdLV) using immunofluorescence assays. Only 3 f
The paper reports on a study examining blood parasites in two dairy farms in Khartoum State, Sudan. Ninety-six cattle were examined, with 48.96% found to be positive for blood parasites. The most common parasites identified were Theileria species at 16.67% prevalence, followed by Anaplasma species at 13.54% and Babesia species at 3.13%. Some cattle showed mixed infections. Babesia bigemina infection was confirmed in 3 samples using PCR-RFLP analysis. The health of infected animals improved after treatment, and mortality in adult cows stopped. The study concludes that babesiosis and anaplasmosis should be considered causes of mortality and economic losses
Analysis of Chemical Component of Hydatid fluid in infected sheep with Echine...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed 267 fecal samples from cattle, goats, and poultry in Botswana for the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans. A total of 72 samples (26.9%) tested positive for C. neoformans, mostly from cattle. The isolates were further analyzed to determine their mating type (MATα, MATa, or hybrids). Mating type analysis revealed the presence of all three types in the isolates from cattle, poultry, and goats, with MATα being most common. The results suggest that veterinary animals can act as reservoirs for C. neoformans and highlight the need to prevent transmission to at-risk human populations.
Development and comparison of capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and i...Alexander Decker
This document describes a study that developed and compared a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) test and an indirect immunofluorescent test (IIFA) for detecting Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV). NSDV was purified from an infected sheep sample and used to immunize animals to produce antibodies. A C-ELISA was developed using these antibodies. 20 samples were tested with both C-ELISA and IIFA (the current standard), finding 95% agreement between the tests. C-ELISA had higher specificity (100% vs IIFA 80%) and was more efficient than IIFA which requires skilled personnel and tissue culture facilities. The study demonstrated C-ELISA as a viable
This study examines genetic variation in the Alabama hog sucker (Hypentelium etowanum) across river drainages in the southeastern United States using DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Tissue samples were collected from seven locations and DNA was extracted and amplified via PCR. Approximately 1150 base pairs of the cyt b gene were sequenced. Preliminary results found genetic variations between populations that are consistent with a previous study. The sequences from a new location in the Little Tallapoosa drainage were most closely related to those from the Chattahoochee drainage. This ongoing study aims to increase sampling to further resolve the genetic structure of H. etowanum across its range.
Researchers used zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) to generate knockout rats by targeting three genes - green fluorescent protein (GFP), Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and Rab38. ZFNs were microinjected into rat embryos to induce mutations in the target genes. Of 295 founder animals screened, 35 (12%) contained targeted mutations, including full knockout of the GFP transgene in some animals. Mutations were transmitted to offspring, demonstrating the ability of ZFNs to disrupt genes and induce heritable mutations in the rat genome. This technique allows for targeted genetic modification of the rat, an important model for studying human disease.
This document summarizes a comparison of stem rust in oats and yellow rust in wheat in Sweden. It finds that stem rust, primarily affecting oats, shows variation expected from a sexually reproducing population, while yellow rust, primarily affecting wheat, can easily survive systemic infection and has a green bridge, allowing it to persist clonally. Sexual reproduction is necessary for stem rust epidemiology but not for yellow rust in the Swedish cropping system. A model is described that could help understand how dominant clones of pathogens appear and are replaced over multiple seasons.
This study investigated how two isolates of coccolithoviruses (EhV86 and EhV163) infect the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi under phosphate-deplete and replete conditions. The viruses were tested individually and in competition. EhV163 was found to lyse E. huxleyi more efficiently than EhV86 in both nutrient environments. While the presence of a phosphate-related gene in EhV86 did not provide an advantage, there was a synergistic effect when both viruses were present together. Phosphate played a minor role in the infection dynamics, and genetic differences between the viruses likely give EhV163 a competitive advantage.
Heritability estimates of, genetic and phenotypic correlations among some sel...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that evaluated carcass traits in Japanese quails. It found that sex significantly influenced most carcass traits, with females having higher weights for some traits than males. The quails had an average dressing percentage of 72.36%. Heritability estimates for the carcass traits ranged from low to high. All carcass traits were positively genetically correlated with pre-slaughter live weight. Phenotypic correlations between live weight and other traits followed the same trend as genetic correlations. The study concluded that Japanese quail have high efficiency for meat production and indirect selection could be used to improve the carcass traits.
This study determined the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in and around Bahir Dar, Ethiopia from 2008-2009. A total of 500 serum samples from sheep and goats were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test and complement fixation test. The overall prevalence of brucellosis was 1.2% by the Rose Bengal plate test and 0.4% by the complement fixation test. All positive samples by complement fixation test were from adult female goats. While the prevalence was low, the study concluded that brucellosis exists in the area and positive animals should be eliminated to control spread of the disease in small ruminants.
Distribution of cattle tick-borne haemoparasites in 54 Departments of Côte d’...Open Access Research Paper
The Rhipicephalus microplus tick is a major economic and veterinary concern on livestock production in tropical regions of the world. In Côte d’Ivoire, this invasive and proliferating tick has occupied almost the entire territory. To assess the prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in cattle following this invasion, a parasitological study was carried out in 179 farms in 54 departments. Blood and tick samples were collected from 895 cattle over one year of age, with 5 individuals per farm. Ten tick species were identified, of which Rhipicephalus microplus the most found. Microscopic analysis of blood smears identified 3 tick-borne haemoparasites: Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale and Babesia bovis, with prevalences between 4% and 24% according to departments. Only the Southern, Central, and Northern zones were infested with tick-borne haemoparasites of cattle. The highest prevalence of Babesia bovis (8%) was found in the Southern zone. Agboville’s department was the most infested by A. marginale (24%) and B. bovis (20%). Parasitological analyses revealed a low prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in Côte d’Ivoire. A molecular study should be conducted to confirm these results.
Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Back Yard Chicken in and Around DebereTabere Tow...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Back Yard Chicken in and Around DebereTabere Town, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia by Temesigen W Molla in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Seromolecular prevalence of befv antibodies, their correlation with physiolog...Noor Zada
This study examined the prevalence of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) antibodies in cattle and buffalo in Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 600 animals from three districts were tested using complement fixation tests and RT-PCR on blood samples. Overall prevalence of BEFV was highest in Lahore at 56%, followed by Multan at 55.5%, and Rajanpur at 52.2%. Risk factors like breed, age, and vaccination status were also found to influence prevalence. Exotic cattle breeds and younger animals had higher rates of infection compared to local breeds and older animals. Vaccinated animals showed much lower prevalence at 4.39% compared to 66.53% in non-vaccinated animals. RT-PCR results were
Sero prevalence of infectious bursal disease in backyard chickens at selected...Alexander Decker
This study examined the prevalence of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in backyard chickens in central Ethiopia by testing serum samples from 552 chickens. The results found that 83% of samples tested positive for IBD antibodies. Higher rates of infection were found in younger chickens aged 3-6 weeks (94.5% positive) and in crossbreed chickens (90.5% positive) compared to local breeds. The highest prevalence of IBD was detected in Wenji woreda at 92.1%. The study concludes that IBD is highly prevalent in backyard chicken populations in the study areas.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Molecular Identification of Bulinus Species in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria...AI Publications
The study considers the distribution of a small sample of 100 Bulinus snails, across 8 localities within Ogun State, Nigerian. Snails were identified using a molecular method of fragment and restriction profiles obtained from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) amplicons. The results showed that the majority of Bulinus samples tested belonged to the species Bulinustruncatus while only one was Bulinusglobosus. The use of Rsa1 restriction endonuclease to cleave the ribosomal its of Bulinus, as a method of species identification, was adopted for the majority of samples, this being a quicker and cheaper method better suited to small laboratory environments. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the schistosome Dra1 repeat within each of the collected Bulinus samples was employed to determine the extent and distribution of infected snails within the sample areas. Successful amplification of the Dra1 repeat demonstrated that 23% of snails were infected with schistosome
The study found an overall prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation of 11.14% among goats in the Toba Tek Singh district of Pakistan. Ticks were the most prevalent ectoparasite, followed by lice, fleas, mites, and flies. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites was found during the winter months for lice, fleas, and mites, while ticks and flies were most common in summer and spring, respectively. Non-cemented flooring was associated with higher prevalence of ectoparasites compared to cemented flooring. Host characteristics like age, sex, and breed did not influence prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation.
The purpose of the study was to know the conduct of pig farms, the state of cysticercosis and its consequences on the quality of production of pigs in N'Djamena, Chad. Three methods were used: (i) the transverse and retrospective survey for information related to the conduct and hygiene in 64 farms sampled in eight blocks belonging to three districts, (ii) the langueyage to observe cysts and (iii ) documentary investigation for total seizures in the slaughter house over six years. All farms had barns which were considered in good condition (66%). However, most of the farms (91%) did not practice permanent confinement. The majority (81%) accounted for two per day of food distributions to pigs against three for the minority (19%). According to 64% of the farmers, 50% of citizens of their respective square have latrines. Of 861 pigs identified, 20% were examined and 9.7% were carriers of cysts. Carcasses at slaughter percentage seizures ranged from 2.5% to 5% depending on the year; an average of about 4% over six years. The prevalence of infestations remained generally lower than those observed in some cities of northern Cameroon. Losses were estimated to average 5,31,900 FCFA / year. Knowledge and practice of screening techniques for this disease by producers would minimize economic losses, improvement of production quality and avoiding human contamination. Further investigation seems necessary to highlight the animal health status and quality of pork production in this area.
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths and Protozoa Parasites of Ruminants in Min...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Introduction: The hemoglobinopathy is a real public health problem in the world The aim of this study to épister of children with abnormalities of hemoglobin in schools, especially kindergartens in the city of Parakou Republic of Benin.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in kindergartens in the city of Parakou in Benin republic and having concerned 690 children aged 2 ½ to 5 years. The hemoglobin electrophoresis was done using alkaline pH hydragel and the quantification of haemoglobin fractions were performed with Hyrys densitometer; in some cases the medium is reduced for precipitation test.
Results: Five types of Hb were identified: A, S, M, C and K probably Woolwich. Qualitative hemoglobinopathy was found in 31.45% of the study population. The Hb-S was the most frequent (16.52%) followed by hemoglobin C (15.65%). Hereditary persistence of hemoglobin F was associated with phenotypes AA, AC and SS in 1.16% of cases. The hemoglobinopathies were found in all the major ethnic groups in Parakou with a clear predominance among "Lokpa" (53.3%) and "Adja" (37.5%).
Conclusion: The hemoglobinopathy is a real public health problem in Parakou, it is necessary to establish or to legislate for mandatory testing for hemoglobinopathies at birth.
Leptospira spp. serogroups identification in human and pig serum samples from...ILRI
Poster by Van Cao, Minh-Anh Dang-Trinh, Silvia Alonso, Jeffrey Gilbert, Ma Lucila Lapar, Duong Nguyen Khang and Mai Van Hiep presented at the Ecohealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-15 August 2014.
Hepatic and Rumenal Worms Infestations of Cattle in Vina Division (Adamawa – ...AI Publications
The main objective of this work is to describe a preliminary epidemiological account of major hepatic and rumenal distome worms of cattle in Vina Division, Adamawa Region of Cameroon. A total of 1361 cattle dung specimens and 450 blood samples were collected between April 2018 and March 2019 in 06 subdivisions within Vina Division. The dung and blood samples were placed in a cooler. The cooler was immediately transported to the medical and veterinary laboratory of Special Mission of tsetse fly Eradication where samples were kept cold at +4°C for at most 48 hours. The qualitative method of concentration of worm eggs by simple sedimentation was performed.Blood parameters were measured using a haematology automated system. Of the 1361 cattle dung specimens examined, 424 presented distome eggs giving a prevalence of 31.15 %.These were Fasciola gigantica, Paramphistomum daubneyi and Dicrocoelium hopes eggs.All cattle age groups were infected by worms. In terms of prevalence, medium cattle were found to be the most infected. In lean cattle the parasitic loads of F. gigantic and D. hopes were high and then decreased as the health of the animals improved. All cattle breeds were infected by at least one of the worm species. Bokolo and Djafoun were most infected by F. gigantica, while Holstein and Aku were more influence by P. daubneyi. Goudali breed is the one that has undergone the least parasitic pressure. Male cattle were more infected than females, but females exhibited higher mean intensity of infestation. Older cattle were more susceptible to F. gigantic and D. hopes infection while Adults were more infected by P. daubneyi. Whatever the parasite considered, parasitic load progressively increased with the age of the cattle. The number of cattle infected by P. daubneyi and D. hopeswas greater in the rainy season unlike F. gigantic infection which was more recurrent in the dry season. Mbe locality had a high prevalence of F. gigantica and P. daubneyi. However, Ngaoundere 1, 2 and 3 presented the highest mean intensities for all worm species. Prevalence and mean intensities of cattle have been more important in extensive livestock status. All the worms were encountered all year round, except for November and December 2018 where D. hopes was absent. Polyparasitic cases were observed. Nevertheless, bispecifics associations were most frequent. Mean Corpuscular Volume, Platelet Concentrations, Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin, Total Leucocytes Count and Granulocytes mean values were higher in cattle with significant parasitic loads while Total Erythrocyte Count and Packed Cell Volume were low. Today, it is well established that distomatoses represent one of the major parasitoses of cattle in Vina Division of Cameroon.
Determination of the Prevalence of Bluetongue Disease in Goats in Siirt Provi...AI Publications
Bluetongue disease is a disease caused by the bluetongue virus in the Orbivirus genus of the Reoviridae family. The disease can be transmitted by ticks, sperm and vertically but is mainly spread by the Culicoides type flies. While the disease is naturally observed in cattle and sheep, it is more rarely observed in goats. This study was carried out to determine the presence of bluetongue infection in goats raised in Siirt province serologically and to obtain information about its prevalence in the region. The material of the study consisted of a total of 372 goats over one year of age raised in Siirt province. For laboratory analyses, 5 ml blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of goats to tubes without anticoagulant. The samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, and the sera were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20 °C until analysis. The serum samples were analyzed by the ELISA (Thermo Scientific Multiskan Go) method using the commercial test kit (Bluetongue Virus VP7 Ab Test Kit, IDEXX). The results were evaluated as positive and negative. Of the 372 goats constituting the material of the study, 252 (67.74%) were seropositive and 120 (32.26%) were seronegative. As a result, in addition to measures for quarantine and vector control in the fight against the disease, it was concluded that vaccines specific to virus serotypes should be used and comprehensive and planned studies should be carried out in relation to the disease in the region and the country.
Prevalence of Intestinal Helminths and Protozoa Parasites of Ruminants in Min...iosrjce
This study investigated the prevalence of intestinal helminths and protozoa parasites in ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) presented with diarrhea to a veterinary hospital in Minna, Nigeria between 2012-2013. Fecal samples were collected and examined for parasites. In 2012, 59.2% of samples were positive, compared to 82.7% in 2013. The most common parasites found across all years and species were Coccidia spp, Fasciola spp, and Ascaris spp. Higher prevalence was observed in 2013 possibly due to differences in climatic factors and management practices between the years. The study highlights the need for improved veterinary infrastructure, strategic deworming programs,
This document summarizes a study that assessed ectoparasite infestation on goats and domestic fowls in Vunania, Ghana. Approximately 76% of goats and 84% of domestic fowls were found to be infested with ticks, fleas, mites, and lice. A total estimated population of 4,110 ectoparasites was found on goats, and 9,688 ectoparasites were found on domestic fowls. The most common locations of infestation varied between parasite type and animal. The results suggest rainfall influences ectoparasite activity and survival. Further control efforts are needed to address the health effects on livestock.
Morpho-biometric characterization of the indigenous Djallonke sheep in Ngaoun...Open Access Research Paper
In order to study the morpho-biometric characterisation of the indigenous Djallonke sheep Ngaoundere, 126 adult indigenous Djallonke sheep (38 males and 88 females) were sampled from January to December 2020. The results of this study show that the coat colour is dominated by white; the horns, mane and Pendulous are less present; the facial profile is convex and the ears are semi-pendent. In addition, ear length, body length, chest depth, croup length and tail length showed significant differences (p<0.05). The correlation (r=0.844) between the substernal gracility index and the auriculo-thoracic index revealed the existence of sub-populations of indigenous Djallonké sheep that can be the subject of an improvement and preservation programme.
Epidemiological and morphological investigation of tick borne disease.pptxShumailAyub3
The document discusses an epidemiological and morphological investigation of tick-borne diseases in small ruminants in Peshawar District. A total of 417 goat blood samples and 381 sheep blood samples were collected and tested. The prevalence of Anaplasmosis was found to be 54.6% in goats and 52.7% in sheep, while the prevalence of Theileriosis was 31.8% in goats and 33.7% in sheep. Male animals had a higher rate of disease than females. Animals under 1 year of age showed the highest prevalence. Respiratory distress and diarrhea were associated with higher rates of disease. Morphological changes were observed in red blood cells during tick-borne infections.
The document summarizes a study on the prevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in domestic dogs living around Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. Blood samples were collected from 77 asymptomatic domestic dogs and tested for CPV using PCR. The results found that 10.4% of samples were positive for CPV, with 6.5% positive for the CPV-2a strain and 3.9% for CPV-2b. This suggests that domestic dogs can act as reservoirs for CPV transmission to other dogs and wildlife in the area.
Combining ability and inheritance of growth traits in rabbitsAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the growth performance of New Zealand Red, Californian White, and Chinchilla rabbits using a diallel analysis. Body measurements and weight were collected from 138 kittens from crosses between these 3 breeds. General and specific combining abilities were found to significantly influence all traits measured. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects impacted hybrid performance, with non-additive effects playing a larger role for some traits like weight and height, and additive effects more important for others like ear length. The New Zealand Red and Californian White parents showed reliable general combining ability. Reciprocal effects were not significant. Therefore, using separate male and female breeds in crossbreeding may not provide additional advantages.
Similar to Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Traditional Goats Reared in Northern Côte D'ivoire (20)
Evaluation of Agro-morphological Performances of Hybrid Varieties of Chili Pe...Premier Publishers
In Benin, chilli pepper is a widely consumed as vegetable whose production requires the use of performant varieties. This work assessed, at Parakou and Malanville, the performance of six F1 hybrids of chilli including five imported (Laali, Laser, Nandi, Kranti, Nandita) and one local (De cayenne), in completely randomized block design at four replications and 15 plants per elementary plot. Agro-morphological data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and factor analysis of mixed data. The results showed the effects of variety, location and their interactions were highly significant for most of the growth, earliness and yield traits. Imported hybrid varieties showed the best performances compared to the local one. Multivariate analysis revealed that 'De cayenne' was earlier, short in size, thin-stemmed, red fruits and less yielding (≈ 1 t.ha-1). The imported hybrids LaaliF1 and KrantiF1 were of strong vegetative vigor, more yielding (> 6 t.ha-1) by developing larger, long and hard fruits. Other hybrids showed intermediate performances. This study highlighted the importance of imported hybrids in improving yield and preservation of chili fruits. However, stability and adaptation analyses to local conditions are necessary for their adoption.
An Empirical Approach for the Variation in Capital Market Price Changes Premier Publishers
The chances of an investor in the stock market depends mainly on some certain decisions in respect to equilibrium prices, which is the condition of a system competing favorably and effectively. This paper considered a stochastic model which was latter transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equation where stock volatility was used as a key parameter. The analytical solution was obtained which determined the equilibrium prices. A theorem was developed and proved to show that the proposed mathematical model follows a normal distribution since it has a symmetric property. Finally, graphical results were presented and the effects of the relevant parameters were discussed.
Influence of Nitrogen and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispani...Premier Publishers
Chia is an emerging cash crop in Kenya and its production is inhibited by lack of agronomic management information. A field experiment was conducted in February-June and May-August 2021, to determine the influence of nitrogen and spacing on growth and yield of Chia. A randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement was used with four nitrogen rates as the main plots (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) and three spacing (30 cm x 15 cm (s1), 30 cm x 30 cm (s2), 50 cm x 50 cm (s3)). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth and seed yield of Chia. Stem height, branches, stem diameter and leaves increased by 23-28%, 11-13%, 43-55% and 59-88% respectively. Spacing s3 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth. An increase of 27-74%, 36-45% and 73-107% was recorded in number of leaves, stem diameter and dry weight, respectively. Chia yield per plant was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in s3. However, when expressed per unit area, s1 significantly produced higher yields. The study recommends 120 kg N ha-1 or higher nitrogen rates and a closer spacing of 15 cm x 30 cm as the best option for Chia production in Kenya.
Enhancing Social Capital During the Pandemic: A Case of the Rural Women in Bu...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a case study of enhancing social capital among rural women in Bukidnon Province, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic through a livelihood project. Key findings include:
1) Technical trainings provided by the project increased the women's knowledge, allowing them to generate additional household income through vegetable gardening during the pandemic.
2) The women's social capital, as measured by groups/networks, trust, and cooperation, increased by 15.5% from 2019 to 2020 through increased participation in their association.
3) Main occupations, income sources, and ethnicity influenced the women's social capital. The project enhanced social ties that empowered the rural women economically and socially despite challenges of the pandemic.
Impact of Provision of Litigation Supports through Forensic Investigations on...Premier Publishers
This paper presents an argument through the fraud triangle theory that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases is adequate for effective prosecution of perpetrators as well as corporate fraud prevention. To support this argument, this study operationalized provision of litigation supports through forensic audit and investigations, data mining for trends and patterns, and fraud data collection and preparation. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the population of professional accountants and legal practitioners in Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and this was mailed to the respective respondents. Resulting responses were analyzed using the OLS multiple regression techniques via the SPSS statistical software. The results reveal that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations, fraud data mining for trends and patterns and fraud data collection and preparation for court proceedings have a positive and significant impact on corporate fraud prevention in Nigeria. This study therefore recommends that regulators should promote the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases in publicly listed firms in Nigeria, as this will help provide reports that are acceptable in court proceedings.
Improving the Efficiency of Ratio Estimators by Calibration WeightingsPremier Publishers
It is observed that the performances of most improved ratio estimators depend on some optimality conditions that need to be satisfied to guarantee better estimator. This paper develops a new approach to ratio estimation that produces a more efficient class of ratio estimators that do not depend on any optimality conditions for optimum performance using calibration weightings. The relative performances of the proposed calibration ratio estimators are compared with a corresponding global [Generalized Regression (GREG)] estimator. Results of analysis showed that the proposed calibration ratio estimators are substantially superior to the traditional GREG-estimator with relatively small bias, mean square error, average length of confidence interval and coverage probability. In general, the proposed calibration ratio estimators are more efficient than all existing estimators considered in the study.
Urban Liveability in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Perspective fr...Premier Publishers
Urbanization and quality of urban life are mutually related and however it varies geographically and regionally. With unprecedented growth of urban centres, challenge against urban development is more in terms of how to enhance quality of urban life and liveability. Making sense of and measuring urban liveability of urban places has become a crucial step in the context of sustainable development paradigm. Geographical regions depict variations in nature of urban development and consequently level of urban liveability. The coastal regain of West Bengal faces unusual challenges caused by increasing urbanization, uncontrolled growth, and expansion of economic activities like tourism and changing environmental quality. The present study offers a perspective on urban liveability of urban places located in coastal region comprising of Purba Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts. The study uses the liveability standards covering four major pillars- institutional, social, economic and physical and their indicators. This leads to develop a City Liveability Index to rank urban places of the region, higher the index values better the urban liveability. The data for the purpose is collected from various secondary sources. Study finds that the eastern coastal region of the country covering state of West Bengal depicts variations in index of liveability determined by physical, economic, social and institutional indicators.
Transcript Level of Genes Involved in “Rebaudioside A” Biosynthesis Pathway u...Premier Publishers
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant which has recently been used widely as a sweetener. This medicinal plant has some components such as diterpenoid glycosides called steviol glycosides [SGs]. Rebaudioside A is a diterpenoid steviol glycoside which is 300 times sweeter than table sugar. This study was done to investigate the effect of GA3 (50 mg/L) on the expression of 14 genes involved in Rebaudioside A biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana under in vitro conditions. The expression of DXS remarkably decreased by day 3. Also, probably because of the negative feedback of GA3 on MEP-drived isoprenes, GGDS transcript level reached its lowest amount after GA3 treatment. The abundance of DXR, CMS, CMK, MCS, and CDPS transcripts showed a significant increase at various days after this treatment. A significant drop in the expression levels of KS and UGT85C2 is detected during the first day. However, expression changes of HDR and KD were not remarkable. Results revealed that the level of transcript of UGT74G1 and UGT76G1 up regulated significantly 4 and 2 times higher than control, respectively. However, more research needs to shed more light on the mechanism of GA3 on gene expression of MEP pathway.
Multivariate Analysis of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Clones on Mor...Premier Publishers
Information on genetic variability for biochemical characters is a prerequisite for improvement of tea quality. Thirteen introduced tea clones characterized with objective; assessing tea clones based on morphological characters at Melko and Gera research stations. The study was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season on experimental plots in RCBD with three replications. Data recorded on morphological traits like days from pruning to harvest, height to first branch, stem diameter, leaf serration density, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, petiole length, leaf ratio, internode length, shoot length, number of shoot, canopy diameter, hundred shoot weight, fresh leaf yield per tree. Cluster analysis of morphological trait grouped into four clusters indicated, the existence of divergence among the tested clones. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and IV (35.27) while the minimum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (7.8).Principal components analysis showed that the first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one accounted 86.45% for 15 morphological traits. Generally, the study indicated presence of variability for several morphological traits. However, high morphological variation between clones is not a guarantee for a high genetic variation; therefore, molecular studies need to be considered as complementary to biochemical studies.
Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
The Knowledge of and Attitude to and Beliefs about Causes and Treatments of M...Premier Publishers
Stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness are a common occurrence in the Sub-Saharan region including Eritrea. Numerous studies from Sub-Saharan Africa suggest that stigma and discrimination are major problems in the community, with negative attitudes and behavior towards people with mental illness being widespread. In order to assess the whether such negative attitudes persist in the context of Eritrea this study explored the knowledge and perceptions of 90 Eritrean university students at the College of Business and Economics, the University of Asmara regarding the causes and remedies of mental illness A qualitative method involving coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 90 university students to collecting data at the end of 2019. The survey evidence points that almost 50% of the respondents had contact with a mentally ill person suggesting that the significant number of the respondents experienced a first-hand encounter and knowledge of mental illness in their family and community. The findings show an overall greater science-based understanding of the causes of mental illness to be followed by recommended psychiatric treatments. The survey evidence indicates that the top three leading causes of mental illness in the context of Eritrea according to the respondents are brain disease (76%), bad events in the life of the mentally ill person (66%) and substance abuse or alcohol taking, smoking, taking drugs like hashish. (54%). The majority of the respondents have a very sympathetic and positive outlook towards mentally ill persons suggesting that mentally illness does not simply affect a chosen individual rather it can happen to anybody regardless of economic class, social status, ethnicity race and religion. Medical interventions cited by the majority of the respondents as being effective treatments for mental illness centered on the idea that hospitals and clinics for treatment and even cures for psychiatric disease. Changing perceptions of mental illnesses in Eritrea that paralleled the very caring and sympathetic attitudes of the sample university students would require raising public awareness regarding mental illness through education, using the mass media to raise public awareness, integrating mental health into the primary health care system, decentralizing mental health care services to increase access to treatment and providing affordable service to maintain positive treatment outcomes.
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2. Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Traditional Goats Reared in Northern Côte D'ivoire
Gragnon et al. 8
the immunocapture ELISA test or ICE (Libeau et al., 1994)
can be used to confirm PPR. However, the most frequently
used techniques are the polymerase chain reaction by
reverse transcriptase or RT PCR (Forsyth et al., 2003;
Balamurugan et al., 2006), the viral seroneutralization and
the competitive immunoenzymatic technique or c-Elisa
(Balamurugan et al., 2014).
In Côte d'Ivoire, the small ruminant herd is concentrated in
the central, northern and southern regions of the country,
which account for 40%, 37% and 15% respectively
(MIPARH, 2003). PPR is regularly reported in all these
areas and recently identified in the central and southern
areas with an overall prevalence of 35.6% (Couacy-
Hymann et al., 2015). Despite annual reports, no recent
data are available on PPR in northern Côte d'Ivoire.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the
seroprevalence of the disease and assess the risk factors
associated with age, sex, and breed localities in the north
region.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Study area
The sero-prevalence study was done in the Department of
Korhogo. This administrative district is located between
Latitude 8 ° 26 and 9 ° 50 North and Longitude 5 ° 25 and
6 ° 19 west. It is bounded on the north by Mali, on the south
by the Region of Béré and on the east by the Regions
Tchologo and Hambol and on the west by the Region of
Bagoué. The climate is Sudanese, marked by an
alternation of two seasons, a dry season and a rainy
season. The dry season that runs from November to April
is very marked by the harmattan between December and
January and peaks of heat in March and April. This warm,
dry wind of the harmattan blows from the north to east. The
rainy season extends from May to October with maximum
rainfall in July and August. Average temperatures vary
between 24 and 33 ° C. The hottest months are February,
March and April with an average temperature of 36 ° C and
the coolest months are December and January with an
average temperature of 16 ° C. The average monthly
humidity is 20%. The average annual rainfall is between
1100 mm and 1600 mm. The duration of insolation is 2000
hours per year (Guillaumet and Adjanohoun, 1971).
Study Design
A cross-sectional approach involving goats was conducted
in five localities, namely Lataha, Napié, Korhogo, Karakoro
and Tioro in the Department of Korhogo. Data was
collected over a period of one month. It involved random
sample collection from households following consent.
Serological test and questionnaire survey were used as a
tool for the determination of PPR prevalence and assess
the risk factors associated with age, sex, and breed
localities.
Sample Size and Sampling Procedure
The sample size for the study was determined as
described by Ancelle (2017) :
n = z² x p ( 1 – p ) / m²
n = sample size
z = confidence level (for a confidence level of 95%, z =
1.96)
p = estimated proportion of the population with the
characteristic (p = 35.6%)
m = tolerated margin of error (5%)
Based on that, a total of 176 goats older than 3 months
regardless of sex, were examined for PPR in the study
area.
Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture of
each animal using a 10 ml syringe and 21G needle
following proper restraint. The blood samples were then
labeled and transported on an ice pack to the laboratory
where they were centrifuged for 15 min at 4000 rpm.
During blood samples processing, 5 samples were
removed from the batch due to their hemolysis. Clear sera
were harvested into labeled cryovials and stored at -20°C
in the biology laboratory, Peleforo GON COULIBALY’s
University, until needed for further analysis. In total, one
hundred and seventy one goats serum samples were
analyzed using the c-ELISA kit.
Serological test
The competition ELISA for the detection of anti-PPRV
antibodies (c-ELISA PPR), as described by the OIE
(2013), was used to test the samples for PPR antibodies.
The c-ELISA PPR test, presented in the form of a kit, was
used according to the supplier's recommendations. The
optical densities (OD) were read on the Multiskan EX
spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 492 nm and was
converted to percentage inhibition (PI) according to the
formula: PI = 100 - [OD of the sample sera / OD of
Monoclonal Control] x 100. Serum with PI greater than 50
% were considered positive.
Statistical Analysis
Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel 10 spreadsheet
(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) and
analyzed using XLSTAT software (Addinsoft version
gratuite 2019.3.2). Descriptive statistics were used and
comparisons between qualitative data were made using
chi-square tests to assess significance. A p-value of less
than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Intensities of the link between seroprevalence of PPR, sex,
age and locality were calculated.
3. Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Traditional Goats Reared in Northern Côte D'ivoire
Int. Res. J. Virol. 9
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
Of the one hundred and seventy one goats analysed, 133
(77.78%) female and 38 (22.22%) male goats. Ninety
(26.32%) of the goats were less than 12 months old and
126 (73.68%) were more than 12 months old (Table 1).
Table 1: Sex, age and locality of goats tested for PPR
antibodies in Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Locality
Sex Age group
Male
number
(%)
Female
number
(%)
< 1 year
number
(%)
≥ 1 year
number
(%)
Total
Number
(%)
Karakoro 8
(26.67%)
22
(73.33%)
7
(23.33%)
23
(76.67%)
30
(17.54%)
Napié 3
(12%)
22
(88.00%)
6
(24.00%)
19
(76.00%)
25
(14.62 %)
Tioro 7
(20.59%)
27
(79.41%)
11
(32.35%)
23
(67.65%)
34
(19.88%)
Lataha 9
(22.50%)
31
(77.50%)
12
(30.00%)
28
(70.00%)
40
(23.39%)
Korhogo 11
(26.19%)
31
(73.81%)
9
(21.43%)
33
(78.57%)
42
(24.56%)
Total 38
(22.22%)
133
(77.78%)
45
(26.32%)
126
(73.68 %)
171
(100%)
Antibodies specific for PPR were detected in animals from
all localities (Table 2). One hundred twenty four (62) of the
171 analyzed serum samples (36.26%) were positive for
PPR antibodies. PPR seroprevalence was higher in
females (30.10%) than in males (26.32%) but the
difference of positivity rate was statistically no significant
(P>0.05). Similarly, in relation to age group, the PPR
infection prevalence in young goats (44.44%) was higher
than adult goats (33.33%) one. The difference between
age group serostatus was not significantly different
(P>0.05). Furthermore, depending on the location of the
sampled animals, the seroprevalence of ppr was variable,
ranging between 21.43% and 64%. The PPR prevalence
seemed to be higher in Napié (64%) than in Karakoro
(40%), Lataha (37.5%), Tioro (29.41%) and Korhogo
(21.43%). However, the PPR seroprevalences according
to the localities are significantly different (P<0.05).
The intensity of the link between the studied variables and
PPR prevalence is presented in Table 3. The links
between PPR infection rate and goats sex on one hand
and PPR disease and animal age group, on the other
hand, are slight. The differences in prevalence between
that of Napié and the other localities sampled were all
signed except that of Karakoro (p> 0.05). However, goats
from the locality of Napié were 6.5 times more likely to be
infected with PPRV than those from Tioro (OR: 6.52 ;
CI95%: 2.22-19.10) against 4.3 times more risk of infection
than those de Korhogo (OR: 4.27 ; CI95%: 1.45-12.53). On
the other hand, goats raised in the locality of Lataha
present approximately 3 times less risk (OR: 2.96 ; CI95%:
1.07-8.20) of being seropositive for the anti-PPRV
antibody than those coming from Napié.
Table 2: Seroprevalence of PPR in goat populations reared in five localities in Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Risk factors
Number of
sampled animals
Number of
positive animals
Seroprevalence (%) X2
p-value
Karakoro 30 12 40%
13.220 0.010
Napié 25 16 64%
Locality Tioro 32 10 29.41%
Lataha 40 15 37.5%
Korhogo 42 9 21.43%
Sex
Male 38 10 26.32%
2.089 0.148
Female 133 52 39.10%
Age
< 1 year 45 20 44.44%
1.771 0.183
≥ 1 year 126 42 33.33%
Table 3 : Association of risk factors (Locality, Sex, Age) and seropositivity of goats to PPRV in Northern Côte
d’Ivoire
Variable OR CI95% (Min-max) Yule’s Q p value
Locality
Karakoro vs Napié* 2.667 0.91-7.80 0,455 0.076
Korhogo vs Napié* 6.519 2.22-19.10 0,734 0.000***
Tioro vs Napié* 4.267 1.45-12.53 0,620 0.008***
Lataha vs Napié* 2.963 1.07-8.20 0,495 0.037*
Sex
Male vs Female* 0.556 0.25-1.23 0,285 0.148
Age
< 1 year vs ≥ 1 year* 1.6 0.80-3.18 0,230 0.183
* denotes the reference risk factor
4. Seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Traditional Goats Reared in Northern Côte D'ivoire
Gragnon et al. 10
DISCUSSION
Out of 171 goat sera samples tested, 62 were positive for
anti-PPRV antibodies, giving an overall seroprevalence of
36.26% in Korhogo department goats. This finding shows
that more than 1/3 of goats reared in Korhogo department
may be infected with PPR virus. The anti-PPRV antibodies
slightly high prevalence found in this study may result from
the fact that goats breed sampled is less susceptible to
PPR infection and may have survived from this disease
(Gopilo, 2005). This 36.26% prevalence is close to that
reported from other African regions. Couacy-Hymannet al,
(2015) had reported 35.6% prevalence in another region
of Côte d'Ivoire, Hailegebreal (2018) reported 34% in
Ethiopia and Dayhum et al. (2018) noticed 33% in Libya
.
However, the prevalence (36.26%) is lower than the 43%,
61.8%, 62.8%, 69.4% and 70.2% reported respectively in
Mauritania (El Arbi et al., 2014), in Nigeria (Abdalla et al.,
2012; Saeed et al., 2010; Akpavie et al., 1997) and in
Sudan (Shuaib, 2011). However, our findings were higher
than those reported by Hailegebreal et al. (2018) in
Ethiopia (29.2%), Sow et al. (2008) in Burkina Faso (23%),
Munir et al. (2008) in Pakistan (25.6%) and Al-Afaleq et al.
(2004) in Saudi Arabia (0.6%). As observed, the
seroprevalence of PPR varied from country to country and
even within the same country. This could be due to many
factors such as farming systems, exploited breeds and the
difference in climatic factors.
In our study, the prevalence of PPR higher in females
(30.10%) than in males (26.32%) goats, however the
difference in prevalence observed according to sex is not
significant. It could be due to the higher number of females
sampled. In other words, gender has no influence on the
infection rate of PPR virus animals. Our finding was
consistent with those of Dayhum et al. (2018) and
Hailegebreal et al. (2018), who reported that in their
respective studies the differences in prevalence observed
between females and males were not statistically
significant (p> 0.05) although anti-PPR antibodies were
more prevalent in males respectively (34.7% versus
32.5%) and (29.6% versus 28.66%).
The present study showed that the prevalence of PPR
appeared to be higher for PPR in young goats (44.44%)
than in adult goats (33.33%). However, the difference in
prevalence observed in the two age groups did not differ
significantly (p> 0.05). This result corroborates that of the
work of Rahman et al. (2016) in Bangladesh. These
authors also noted in their study that the prevalence of
PPR seemed higher in goats aged 4 to 12 months (42.30%
for black bengal goats; 42.85% for Jamunapari goats) than
goats aged more than 12 months (22.22% for black bengal
goats; 25.00% for Jamunapari goats) with no significance
between these values (p> 0.05). The trends observed in
the prevalence in goats under 12 months of age and in
older animals have been reported in numerous studies.
This is the case of those conducted by sarker and Islam
(2011) in Rajshahi district (Bangladesh) and Parvez et al.
(2014) in Chittagong district (Bangladesh). Indeed, these
authors have shown that the prevalence of PPR in young
goats, in particular those aged 4 to 12 months is higher
than that of older animals and that however, the
differences in positivity rates were significant (p<0.05).
Islam et al. (2012) also reported that the sensitivity of
young animals (less than 12 months old) is very high
compared to older animals. The discrepancies noted
between our results and those of sarker and Islam (2011)
and Parvez et al. (2014)could be due to the importance of
their studied population.
The seroprevalence of PPR was found to be significantly
higher at Napié (64%) when compared to the others
localities of the study area, whereas the lowest prevalence
level (21.43%) was obtained for Korhogo. This wide
variation of PPR seroprevalence within the same area
might be due to breeding systems.
CONCLUSION
This study showed the presence of Peste des Petits
Ruminants (PPR) in the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire, with
a prevalence ranging from 64% in Napié to 21.43% in
Korhogo. This could explain the high mortalities of small
ruminants that are generally observed in the rainy seasons
in this region. To reduce these mortalities it is highly
recommended to vaccinate small ruminants against the
PPR. However, this study has concerned only goats and
located in one department, further studies should be
encouraged to identify the epidemiology of PPR in the
northern part of the country.
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Abu Elzein EME, Housawi FMT, Bashareek Y, Gameel
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