Sericea lespedeza
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Sericea lespedeza is a perennial legume native to eastern Asia that was introduced to the US in the late 1800s as a potential forage species and for erosion control. It has since become a problematic invasive weed in many states. It grows 2-4 feet tall with hairy stems and leaves and produces abundant purple flowers and yellow-red seeds. While it can fix nitrogen and tolerate drought and flooding, its high tannin levels make it unpalatable to cattle. Chemical herbicides, especially triclopyr and fluroxypyr, are most effective at controlling it if applied before flowering, though multiple annual treatments are typically needed for eradication due to its large seed bank.
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Sericea lespedeza
Sericea lespedeza is a legume native to Asia and Australia that was introduced to the southeastern US in the late 19th century. It can be used for multiple purposes including as a forage, hay, and in managing gastrointestinal nematode parasites in livestock. Studies show that grazing livestock on sericea lespedeza or feeding them sericea lespedeza hay, pellets, or silage reduces egg shedding and worm burdens compared to other forages like bermudagrass, with effects maintained even after drying, grinding or ensiling. The anti-parasitic effects appear to work against various nematode species especially the barberpole worm.
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Sericea lespedeza is a high-tannin forage that has been shown to reduce parasite loads in sheep and goats through both grazing and feeding studies. Research has found that animals consuming sericea lespedeza through grazing or hay have reduced fecal egg counts, lower numbers of adult worms, and decreased hatching of eggs into infective larvae. Multiple studies demonstrated up to a 90% reduction in fecal egg counts for small ruminants consuming sericea lespedeza. The forage appears to directly impact parasites and also boost animal immunity, providing an effective non-chemical approach to parasite management.
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Sericea lespedeza
Sericea lespedeza is a legume native to Asia and Australia that was introduced to the southeastern US in the late 19th century. It can be used for multiple purposes including as a forage, hay, and in managing gastrointestinal nematode parasites in livestock. Studies show that grazing livestock on sericea lespedeza or feeding them sericea lespedeza hay, pellets, or silage reduces egg shedding and worm burdens compared to other forages like bermudagrass, with effects maintained even after drying, grinding or ensiling. The anti-parasitic effects appear to work against various nematode species especially the barberpole worm.
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1) Organic certification requires adherence to strict standards for how animals are raised and fed without synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics or hormones.
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- It works by inhibiting photosynthesis and rapidly disrupting cell membranes. Visible effects appear within a week as leaves turn yellow or brown.
- It is rain-fast within 30 minutes and also effective under low temperatures. All Clear does not persist in soil and strongly binds to clay.
- The document provides dosage recommendations for various crops and describes several common weed species controlled by All Clear.
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The document discusses kudzu control strategies in Missouri and Illinois. It outlines both states' laws designating kudzu as a noxious weed. Missouri law requires controlling the spread of kudzu using herbicides according to label instructions. The document also discusses integrated control strategies used in both states, including foliar herbicide application, vine origin treatments, and potential use of bioherbicides.
Japanese Honeysuckle
Japanese honeysuckle is a woody vine native to Japan and Korea that was introduced to North America in the early 1800s as an ornamental plant. It grows in woodlands, prairies, and edges, and has opposite leaves and very fragrant white to yellow flowers from April to July. It spreads quickly by seeds dispersed by animals and by rooting at nodes, and can girdle and outcompete native trees and shrubs. Control methods include foliar glyphosate applications in fall, cutting and painting stems with glyphosate, and prescribed burns to limit its spread.
Japanese Chaff Flower
The document discusses Japanese chaff flower (Achyranthes japonica), an invasive plant species first found in the Ohio River Valley in the 1980s. It has since spread widely throughout the region. The plant can grow over 5 feet tall and forms dense stands that spread rapidly via water, animals, and humans. It is impacting riparian habitats and may displace other species. Early detection and prevention of spread is important. Control methods include herbicide application in summer before flowering. More research is still needed on management of this invasive plant.
Effective Control Methods for Euonymus fortunei
Euonymus fortunei (wintercreeper euonymus) is an invasive woody vine introduced from East Asia as an ornamental ground cover. It spreads vigorously by stems along the ground and climbing vertical surfaces, outcompeting native plants. Its dense growth can kill trees and shrubs. Effective control methods include repeated foliar spraying with glyphosate in fall, cutting stems and applying glyphosate to cuts, digging out roots, prescribed burns, and replacing with alternative native ground covers or vines.
Efficient Control of Bush Honeysuckle
This document discusses efficient control methods for bush honeysuckle, an invasive plant species. It provides details on the plant's biology and introduction to North America. Control priorities and costs are outlined, with contracted work ranging from $150-400/acre for foliar treatment to $3200/acre for cut and chip removal. Hands-on control methods like cutting, digging, and pulling are also described. Maintaining controlled areas is emphasized to prevent reestablishment of invasives through seeding desirable species or regular burning/mowing. Photos show the before and after impacts of control work.
Didymosphenia geminata
This document discusses the invasive algae Didymosphenia geminata, also known as rock snot. It forms thick mats that negatively impact streams by decreasing clarity, oxygen, and suitable habitat for other organisms. It currently exists in 22 US states, including nearby Arkansas. The algae thrives in conditions with high nitrogen, low phosphorus, sunlight, and stable water flow. Efforts to control it include developing predictive models, adding phosphorus, using copper compounds, cleaning equipment, and increasing public awareness through educational materials.
Non-native Common Reed
This document discusses the non-native common reed (Phragmites australis), including its invasive characteristics and methods for control and management. The non-native common reed forms dense monocultures that degrade wildlife habitat and increase fire risk. It has competitive advantages over native plants through elevated levels of allelopathic biochemicals. Effective control methods include applying herbicides like imazapyr and glyphosate in late summer or fall. Follow-up treatments may use fire or additional herbicides to prevent regrowth. Long-term monitoring is needed to manage the invasive populations over time.
Brittle Naiad
The Brittle Naiad is a non-native annual plant that was first discovered in the U.S. in the 1930s, reproduces by seed and fragmentation, tolerates moderate turbidity and fertile water, and outcompetes native plants by reducing diversity and choking water bodies which can impede use and affect aesthetics. Control options include grass carp and aquatic herbicides such as Diquat, Endothall, Fluridone, and Flumioxazin.
Brazilian Elodea
Brazilian Elodea (Egeria densa) is a submerged, perennial plant with branching stems up to 2 meters long bearing whorls of 4-8 spear-shaped leaves. It forms dense mats in still or moving freshwater up to 7 meters deep. Originally from South America, it was introduced to the US in the late 1800s as an aquarium plant and oxygenator. Prevention is the best strategy, while grass carp provide biological control and herbicides like complexed copper and fluridone are effective chemical treatments.
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Sericea lespedeza
- 2. Sericea Lespedeza • Perennial legume native to eastern Asia • Introduced into the U. S. in the late 1890’s as a potential forage species • Used through the 1930’s – 1960’s for erosion control and wildlife cover/food • Declared a noxious weed in Kansas, spreading and becoming more problematic in many other states
- 3. Sericea Lespedeza Description • Grows to height of 2-4 feet • Stems are hairy – Parallel lines of dense white hairs • Trifoliate leaf – Green on top – light grey- green on bottom • Purple pea-like flowers in July – Oct. • Seed is yellow to red- orange in color
- 4. Sericea Lespedeza Distribution
- 5. Sericea Lespedeza Habits • Nitrogen fixer • Drought and flood tolerant • High tannin levels make it unpalatable to cattle • Planted in the Southeast still as forage and wildlife legume • Prefers full sun, but can tolerate shaded conditions • Allelopathic: Sericea lespedeza residues reduced the germination, emergence, and biomass of rye and tall fescue (Kalburtji and Mosjidis 1993)
- 6. Sericea Lespedeza Seed • Prolific seed producer – Can produce 600 -1,000 seed per plant – 600 – 1,000 lbs seed/acre • Seed can remain viable for years – Some studies suggest up to 20 years in the soil • Flowers July – Oct. • Seed dispersed throughout the fall
- 7. Sericea Lespedeza Seed • 90% of the seed produced dies from competition in infested stands – Adult plants shade and suppress seedlings • Seed can build up to a substantial level in the seed bank • Readily germinates when competition is removed – Intensive management can reduce seed bank
- 8. Sericea Lespedeza Control - Chemical • Chemical control is the most effective – Triclopyr (Remedy, Garlon 4, Redeem) – Fluroxypr (Pasturegard) – Metsulfron (Escort, Ally, Cimarron) • Triclopyr and Fluroxypr seem to be most effective before flowering (May –July) • Metsulfron more effective after flowering (Aug. – Sept.) – Slow kill (several weeks to asses effectiveness) Altom et al. 1992; Koger et al. 2002; Ohlenbusch et al. 2001 • Chemical control can be effective (95% kill on exisiting plants) • Must treat areas for multiple years – At least 3 years, most like more for eradication
- 9. Sericea Lespedeza Control -Chemical • 2,4-D does not work – “Burns” plant, but will not kill it • Dicamba and Tordon are not effective • Chemical treatments will kill non-targeted forbs – Spot treatments reduce collateral damage to other forbs • Early detection and control are essential • Multiple broadcast treatments are most effective IF there is no concern about non-targeted forb species
- 10. Sericea Lespedeza Control –Burning • Burning is not effective at eradicating – Spring burns will stimulate germination and growth • Can use in conjunction with herbicide treatment to control – Summer burns may be used to control seed development and control spread
- 11. Sericea Lespedeza Control – Other • Goats will forage on serciea lespedeza – They will also forage on all other broadleaves • Mowing can be used to control seed production in the fall, but will not impact existing plants
- 12. Questions?