The document outlines the process of separating and treating well fluids, detailing various types of separators and separation methods such as stage and low-temperature separation. It also discusses the treatment of oil-field emulsions, water removal techniques, and natural gas treatment processes, including gas processing and storage systems. Additionally, it covers specific topics like acid gas removal, dehydration, and different types of natural gas.

1. Hassan Z. Harraz
hharraz2006@yahoo.com
Spring 2018
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018
SEPARATING AND TREATING WELL FLUIDS
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2. OUTLINE LECTURE
1) SEPARATING AND TREATING WELL FLUIDS
1.1) Principles and Operation of Production Separators
i) Types of Separators
1.2) Separation Methods
i) Stage separation method
ii) Low-temperature separation method
2) EMULSION
2.1) Treating Oil-field Emulsions
3) WATER REMOVAL
i) Heat
ii) Chemicals
iii) Heater- Treater (or flow treater or emulsion treated)
4) TREATING NATURAL GAS
4) GAS TREATMENT AND COMPRESSION
4.1) Heat Exchangers
4.2) Scrubbers and Reboilers
4.3) Compressors,Anti-surge and Performance
5) GAS PROCESSING
5.1) Acid Gas Removal
5.2 Dehydration
5.3 Mercury Removal
5.4 Nitrogen Rejection
5.5 NGL Recovery and Treatment
6) THE STORAGE SYSTEM
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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3. 1) SEPARATING AND TREATING WELL FLUIDS
waterandgasoil,ofSeparation
gravityofforcethe
waterandgasoil,ofMixture--producedfluidsWell--

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4. 1.1) Principles and Operation of Production Separators

5. i) Types of separators

6. 6
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Internal Structure of Separators

7. 7
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Internal Structure of Vertical two-Phase Separator

8. 8
1.2) Separation Methods
i) Stage separation method
ii) Low-temperature separation method
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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9. 9
i) Stage Separation Method (Two Stage Separation)
Any number of separators may be used in stage separation as
long as stage operates at successively lower pressures.
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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10. ii) Low-Temperatures Separation Method

11. 11
ii) Low – Temperature Separation Method
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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 uses the cooling effect of expanding high – pressure gas

12. 2) EMULSION

13. 13
2.1) Treating Oil-Field Emulsions
breaktoeasy
breaktodifficult
Emulsion
Loose
Tight





@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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14. 3) WATER REMOVAL

15. i) Application of heat

16. ii) Application of chemicals

17. iii) Heater-treater

18. Treater

19. 19
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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20. 4) TREATING NATURAL GAS

21. 4) GAS TREATMENT AND COMPRESSION

22. 4.1) Heat Exchangers

23. 4.2) Scrubbers and Reboilers

24. 4.3) Compressors, Anti-surge and Performance
 Reciprocating compressors

25. Screw compressors
Axial blade and fin type compressors
centrifugal compressors

28. 5) TREATING NATURAL GAS

29. 5) GAS PROCESSING

30. Figure 10. Typical gas plant
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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Natural Gas Processing (Gas Treatment)
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31. @HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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Figure 10. Typical gas plant
Natural Gas Processing (Gas Treatment)
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32. 5.1) Acid Gas Removal

33. Absorption

34. Adsorption
Cryogenic
Membrane
Sulfur Unit.
tail gas treatment

35. Selexol® flowscheme for sulfur removal (UOP, 2009)
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36. Modified Stertford® process flow diagram to Direct conversion
of H2S to sulfur (Joule Processing, 2012)
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37. 5.2 Dehydration:
5.3 Mercury Removal:
5.4 Nitrogen Rejection:
5.5 NGL Recovery and
Treatment:

38. 38
6) THE STORAGE SYSTEM
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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39. 6) THE STORAGE SYSTEM

40. 40
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43. 43
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45. 45
Typical Natural Gas Components
@HASSAN Z. HARRAZ 2018 SEPARATING
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46. Casinghead gas:
Residue gas:
Sweet gas:
Sour gas

47. Types of Natural Gas Liquids
Commercial Propane:
Commercial Butane:
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG):
Natural Gasoline

48. Outline of Lectures:
Topic 1: Natural Gas (Overview).
Topic 2: Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Topic 3: Shale Gas
Topic 4:Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Topic 5: Tight Reservoir
Topic 6: Gas Hydrates
Topic 7: Hydraulic Fracturing.
Topic 8 : Separating and Treating Well Fluids
Topic 9 : Natural Gas Processes
Topic 10 : Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview.
Topic 11 : Egyptian Natural Gas Resource (Overview).
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Nature Gas
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