Separator
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This document discusses well fluid separation, including the types of separation mechanisms used and their applications. It focuses on gravitational separation, explaining the principle, typical instrumentation used for gravitational separators, how to size two-phase gravitational separators, and separator internals. Standards and codes applicable to gravitational separators are also addressed. The document introduces that well fluid separation is needed to stably store separated liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas by separating them when the fluid mixture reaches the surface from underground wells.
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Liquid level refers to the position or height of a liquid surface above a datum line.
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In modern manufacturing industries which use many solvents, chemicals, steam and other liquids and in power plants which use vast amount of water, the accurate measurement of liquid level is very essential.
Liquid level refers to the position or height of a liquid surface above a datum line.
Level measurements are made to a certain quantity of the liquid held with in a container.
Level measurements are made to a certain quantity of the liquid held with in a container.
Level offers both the pressure and rate of flow in and out of the container and as such its measurement and control is an important function in a variety of processes.
The task of liquid level measurement may be accomplished by direct methods and indirect methods.
Generally, there are two methods used in industries for
measuring liquid level.
These are
Direct Method
Indirect Method
Direct method use the varying level of the liquid as a mean of obtaining the measurement.
The indirect method use a variable that changes with the liquid level to accurate the measuring mechanism.
1. DIRECT METHOD:-
This is the simplest method of measuring liquid level. In this method, the level of the liquid is measured directly by means of the following level indicators
Sight Glass
Float Type
Hook-type Level Indicator
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1) The ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle consists of four processes - isentropic compression, constant pressure heat rejection, throttling, and constant pressure heat absorption. In actual systems, the processes are not ideal due to irreversibilities.
2) The actual vapor compression cycle aims to approach saturation at each state point but cannot do so precisely. Components like the compressor, condenser, throttling valve and evaporator have issues approximating the ideal processes.
3) Vapor absorption refrigeration systems use a refrigerant and absorbent instead of mechanical compression. The most common uses ammonia as the refrig
GLYCOL-DEHYDRATION refinery engineering .pptx
The document provides information about glycol dehydration units used to remove water from natural gas. It discusses the types of glycols suitable, including triethylene glycol which is most widely used. The purpose is to prevent hydrate formation, corrosion, and reduce impacts on heating value. The process involves absorbing water from wet gas into lean glycol in an absorber, then thermally regenerating the rich glycol in a stripper to remove water and produce lean glycol for reuse. Proper operation requires managing temperatures and pressures during absorption and regeneration to effectively depress the hydrate formation point by removing sufficient water from the treated gas stream.
Unit 4.pptx
The document discusses various methods for controlling gaseous contaminants, including absorption, adsorption, condensation, and incineration. Absorption involves dissolving a gas in a liquid, such as water, through solubility and mass transfer. Adsorption accumulates molecules on surfaces through physical or chemical attraction. Condensation occurs when a gas changes to a liquid due to cooling and condensation nuclei. Incineration uses combustion and high temperatures to convert waste into ash, flue gas, and heat.
H2S management including scavengers
slides focus on how to reduce H2S in oil and gas field using (non recovered) H2S Scavenger (triazine base).
Chapter 4 air pollution control and tecnologies
This document discusses various air pollution control technologies and methods. It begins by outlining the key learning objectives, which are to identify and choose control methods for particle and gas pollutants. It then describes techniques without devices, such as process changes and fuel switches. Commonly used particle control methods are listed as cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters and wet scrubbers. For gases, adsorption, thermal incineration and catalytic combustion are discussed. Specific sections cover sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and mercury control methods.
Chapter 4 air pollution control and tecnologies
The document discusses various air pollution control technologies. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to identify air pollution control methods for particles and gases and understand technologies like adsorption, absorption and condensation. It then discusses techniques without using devices, such as process changes, fuel switches and good operating practices. The main methods covered are particulate controls like cyclones and fabric filters, and gas controls like adsorption towers. Specific pollutants like SOx, NOx, CO and mercury are also summarized.
Similar to Separator (20)
Separator
- 1. By: LAKSHMI B U PROCESS ENGINEER Engineering Excellence
- 2. • INTRODUCTION TO WELL FLUID SEPARATION • TYPES OF SEPARATION MECHANISM & ITS APPLICATION • PRINCIPLE OF GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATION MECHANISM • GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATORS • INSTRUMENTATION FOR GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATORS (typical) • SIZING GRAVITATIONAL SEPARATORS (Two phase) • SEPARATOR INTERNALS • APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS
- 3. • Well fluid is often a complex mixture of hydrocarbon, gas & impurities at high pressure and temperature. • When this reaches the surface, liquid gives out the associated gas, some of the gas condenses, etc... • To store Liquid hydrocarbon and natural gas in a stable form, separation is done. • Separation is done, before – Liquid hydrocarbon storage – Natural gas storage • Equipment’s mostly used in such kind of separation is known as separators.