Sentence Types

Coleman’s Classroom www.clmn.net
Understanding Sentence
Types

What is a sentence?
A group of words with a subject and
predicate that follows specific
patterns to express a complete
thought.
Also called independent clause (IC).

4 Kinds of Sentences
Declarative
– makes a
statement
Interrogative
– asks a
questions
Exclamatory
– shows strong
feeling
Imperative
– gives command

4 Types of Declarative Sentences
Simple
– One Independent
Clause
Compound
– Two Independent
Clauses joined
with conjunction
or punctuation.
Complex
– One or more
Dependent and One
Independent Clause
Compound Complex
– One or more
Dependent and Two
or more Independent
Clauses joined with
conjunction or
punctuation.

What is an Independent Clause?
Complete SENTENCE
One Subject and One Predicate with
appropriate punctuation.
Nyx played.
The little black cat Nyx played yesterday
in the morning sunshine with his
brother, Mr. Gryffyn.

Nyx played.
Simple Sentence

Nyx played yesterday.
Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence
Nyx played yesterday
with his brother, Mr.
Gryffyn.

The little black cat Nyx
played yesterday with
his brother, Mr.
Gryffyn.
Simple Sentence

The little black cat Nyx
played yesterday in the
morning sunshine with
his brother, Mr.
Gryffyn.
Simple Sentence

Subject Types
Singular and plural
Pronouns
Gerunds
Compound

Remember
Gerunds are always singular!
Running around the lakes is
fun.
Running around the lakes are
fun.

Remember
Here and There are
Adverbs NOT Subjects
There is ways to succeed.
There are ways to succeed.

Remember
Prep phrase MUST have
object.
Object of Prep NEVER
subject of sentence.
In the story is about…
The story is about…

You Try Simple Sentences
Write a short simple sentence
with one simple subject and one
simple verb.
Write another sentence, adding
information to the subject and
predicate, but keep the
sentence simple.

Compound Sentence
Two Independent Clauses joined with
conjunction or punctuation.
3 Ways to Compound Independent Clauses
– Coordinate Conjunction
– Punctuation (semi-colon)
– Conjunctive Adverb with
Punctuation (;)

What is a Coordinate Conjunction?
Specific 7 words that join words,
phrases, and clauses
Closed set that will never change
Follows very specific syntax and
punctuation rules
FANBOYS

Compound Sentence Pattern 1
Coordinate Conjunctions
F A N B O Y S
For And Nor But Or Yet So

Nyx ate and Gryffyn slept.
Nyx ate but Gryffyn slept.
Joe might go to the gym or he could
go shopping instead.
I would like to lose weight, yet I
continue to eat ice cream for
breakfast.

A semi-colon joins two
Independent Clauses.
Each Independent Clause
MUST be complete with S
and Predicate!!

Nyx ate; Gryffyn slept.
Joe might go to the gym; he could go
shopping instead.

ERROR ALERT!!
When linking two clauses
with ; both MUST be
complete sentences!!!

Correct??
Even though she is walking;
I drove.
I like sweets; for example
ice cream.

ERROR ALERT!!
Even though she is walking;
I drove.
I like sweets; for example
ice cream.

ERROR ALERT!!
I like to read; you do too.

Using a conjunctive adverb
and a semi-colon to join two
Independent Clauses.
Each Independent Clause
MUST be complete with S
and Predicate!!

What is a Conjunctive Adverb?
Special class of adverb that shows
relationships between ideas usually in
clauses.
Often used to introduce ideas at the
beginning of a sentence.
Often used in between two IC with a
semicolon to establish idea links.

Common Conjunctive Adverbs
accordingly finally meanwhile
as a result furthermore moreover
consequently likewise nevertheless
instead however therefore

I am hungry; therefore, I
will cook dinner.
I don’t want to ride my
bike; instead, I will go for
a jog.

You Try Compound Sentences
Write compound sentences using:
FANBOYS
;
; Conjunctive Adverb,

Remember
Too many semi-colons is like
too much salt
– It ruins the food; they ruin the
paragraph
Only ONE ; allowed per
paragraph

Complex Sentence
One or more Dependent Clause and
One Independent Clause
Requires a Subordinate Conjunction
(Subordinator)
At least two clauses required
Follows specific punctuation rules

What is a Dependent Clause (DC)?
A clause with a Subject, Predicate,
AND subordinator that CANNOT
stand alone but is “dependent” on
the main clause
When used without an independent
clause, called a FRAGMENT.

Making Dependent Clauses
Use Subordinating
Conjunctions
Use Relative Pronouns
Use Embedded Questions

What is a Subordinating Conjunction?
A word that introduces an adverbial
or subordinate clause
Demonstrates relationship between
independent and dependent clause
Follows syntax rules
Requires specific punctuation

Categories of Subordinate Conjunctions
Cause (Reason)
Condition (Result)
Contrast
Place
Time

Complex Sentence
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
After Before Until
Although Even though When
As If Whereas
Because Since While

Complex Sentence Pattern 1
DC, IC.
Although Nyx played, Gryffyn slept.
Because he was hungry,
Nyx came into the
house.

IC DC
Gryffyn slept although Nyx played.
Nyx came into the house
because he was hungry.

What is Relative Pronoun?
6 Specific Pronouns that
start Adjective Clause
Who Whom Whomevever
Whose Which That

Who / Whom
Tip: Whom is objective case
Him is objective case
When in doubt, try him to
see if who/whom.

Remember
Whom is here.
Who is here.
To whom did you give the
book?
To who did you give the book?

Who/That/Which
Who That
Which
People Non-living
Living

Who/That/Which
Who That
Which
Yes/No No
Yes

Remember
The cat, that belongs to
Mrs. C, is quite fat.
The cat, which belongs to
Mrs. C, is quite fat.

S DC Verb
That tree that has been there for
hundreds of years fell down last
night.

ERROR ALERT!!
When DC BEFORE IC, there
IS comma!!
When DC AFTER IC, NO
COMMA!!

ERROR ALERT!!
Even though she is walking
I drove.
I like sweets, while they
make me fat.

ERROR ALERT!!
I like to read whereas Joe
doesn’t.
Whereas I like to read,
Joe doesn’t.

What is Embedded Question?
A question placed within a
sentence or another
question.
Question: How old are you?
Embedded Question: I
wonder how old you are.

Remember
Word order is different for a
question and for an embedded
question (a statement).
They asked how old you are.
The asked how old are you?

You Try Complex Sentences
Write a sentence with DC, IC
Write a sentence with IC DC
Write a sentence with Relative
Pronoun DC
Write an Embedded Clause
sentence

More Practice
Identify the type (simple,
compound, complex,
compound/complex) and
pattern for each sentence:

Cats run fast when dogs
chase them.

The fat black cat, which
lives at my house, is named
Mr. Gryffyn.

The cat seems calm right
now, but he scares easily.

That cat sleeps all day long.

I wonder whose cat that is?

Because they are so
independent, cats make good
pets.

Sleeping all day is what cats
do.

A cat doesn’t need to be
walked; however, a dog does.

Some people prefer dogs for
pets, but others prefer
cats.

For More Information
Email Mrs. C
ccoleman@clmn.net
Visit Coleman’s Classroom
www.clmn.net

Sentence Types

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