This document introduces adverb clauses, which are dependent clauses that function as adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It defines eight types of adverb clauses: concession, time, reason, contrast, result, purpose, place, and manner. Each type is introduced with specific subordinating conjunctions and examples are provided to illustrate how they are used in sentences. The end provides practice identifying different adverb clause types based on the conjunctions that introduce them in incomplete sentences.

1. Adverb Clause
Presented by ESL Instructor, Kimsrea Khy

2. OVERVIEW
• Introduction to “Adverb and Clause”
• Introduction to “Adverb Clause”
• Introduction to “8 Types of Adverb Clause”
• How to Use Those Types of Adverb Clauses

3. What is Adverb?
• Words which are used to modify verbs, adjectives or adverbs are used
referred to as adverbs.
For examples:
I often visit the library.
It is surprisingly cool today.
The US aircraft travels very fast.

5. What is a Clause?
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
A clause often functions as an adjective, noun or adverb.
A clause functioning as an adjective:
Ex: Dara loves a woman who studies with him.
A clause functioning as a noun:
Ex: I can’t remember what happened last night.
A clause functioning as an adverb:
Ex: She gained weight when she stopped jogging.

6. What is an Adverb Clause?
• An adverb clause is a dependent clause. This means it cannot stand alone
as the clause doesn’t make any sense. (meaningless)
• An adverb clause usually starts with a subordinating
conjunction (e.g., although, because, if, until, when)
• An adverb clause will contain a subject and a verb. (This is what makes it
a clause as opposed to a phrase.)

7. What is an Adverb Clause?
• An adverb clause is a group of words which plays the role of an adverb.
For examples:
1. You should practice reading the text slowly!
(normal adverb of manner)
1. You should practice reading the text slowly until I explain to you in detail.
(adverb clause)

8. Adverb Clause can be divided into:
1.Concession 5. Result
2.Time 6. Purpose
3.Reason 7. Place
4.Contrast 8. Manner

9. Adverb Clause of Concession
• These clauses are introduced by though, even though, no matter how, and no
matter what.
 Although he is small, he is very strong.
 No matter how smart you are, you are required to review the lessons.
 This bulletproof glass won’t break no matter what you do.
“They show a contrast in ideas. The independent clauses show the unexpected
results.”

10. Adverb Clause of Time
• These clauses are introduced by when, whenever, while, as, before,
after, until, since, and as soon as.
Ex: When he arrives, he will tell us the truth.
Pisey was dancing while Sombath is singing.
Before we arrived, the train had left the station.
I will stay with you until your mom comes home.

11. Adverb Clause of Reason
• These clauses are introduced by because, since, for, and as, etc.
Examples:
He was very tired now because he had not slept well the night before.
Since Coronavirus is contagious, we all have to be very careful.
As the weather is terrible, we cancel the trip.
The employer fired Piseth and Virak, for they were very lazy.

12. Adverb Clause of Contrast
• These clauses are introduced by whereas, and while.
Examples:
Last year, we visited Siem Reap whereas Punlork went to Koh Kong.
While Sam has a good head for business, John is a very skilled mechanical
engineer.

13. Adverb Clause of Result
• These clauses are always linked with:
[1] So that [2] So + adjective + that
[3] so + adverb + that [4] Such + noun + that
Examples:
[1] He is too young so that he is not allowed to drive a car.
[2] Ferrari is so expensive that we could not afford to buy it.
[3] Tona ran so quickly that I could not catch up with him.
[4] It was such a strange story that no one believed it.

14. Adverb Clause of Purpose
• These clauses are always linked with:
[1] in order that [2] for the fear that [3] in case
Examples:
[1] I get up very early in order that I won’t go to work late.
[2] A lot of people are buying face masks for the fear that they would get infected by
Coronavirus known as Covid-19.
[3] I always bring a credit card along in case I don’t have enough cash.

15. Adverb Clause of Place
• These clauses are introduced by where and wherever
Examples:
I don’t know where you want to go in Khmer New Year.
Sambo is not married, so he can travel wherever he likes.

16. Adverb Clause of Manner
• These clauses are introduced by as, as though, and as if.
Examples:
Please come to class early as I told you.
He speaks to me as though he is the boss.
You walk as if you hurt your legs.

17. • 1. He got so sick now _________ he had eaten raw food the night before.
• 2. Johnny is 12 __________ he is not allowed to work out in the gym.
• 3. You don’t have to tell me!! You can go __________ you want to.
• 4. Many people don’t dare to stay outdoor ___________ they could get infected by a
new deadly virus.
• 5. ____________ how clever you are, you still can’t work out this equation.
• 6. You won’t be able to climb this sheer cliff ___________ gear you use for climbing.
• 7. Sean saves two hundred dollars every month __________ he can afford to buy a
new car.
• 8. Pisey talks in front of the audience ___________ she is a government.
• 9. Vararable told _________ a rumor _________ nobody can accept it.
PRACTICE