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Sentence Structure (English Grammar).pptx
- 3. Parts of a Sentence: • Word Classes • Clauses & Phrases
- 4. Word Classes NOUN PRONOUN ADJECTIVE VERB ADVERB PREPOSITION Nouns are words for people,places or things mother, town, Rome, car, dog me, you, his, it, this, that, mine, yours, who, what kind, clever, expensive run, work, study, be, seem quickly, back, ever, badly, away generally, completely after, down, near, of, plus, round, to Pronounsare words that take theplace of nouns Adjectivesare words that describenouns Verbs are action or statewords Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs Prepositionsare words usuallyin front of a noun or pronoun and expressinga relationto anotherword or element
- 5. Word Classes CONJUNCTION INTERJECTION Joins 2 words, ideas, phrases together and shows how they are connected and, or, but, because, until, if ah, hey, oh, ouch, um, well Interjectionshave no grammatical value
- 6. Best friend (this phrase acts as a noun) Needing help (this phrase acts as an adjective) With the blue shirt (this prepositional phrase acts as an adjective) For twenty days (this prepositional phrase acts as an adverb) Clauses and Phrases • A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb component, used as a single part of speech.
- 7. Noun Phrase (A phrase that does the work of a Noun) E.g. The brown hat was blowing away in the wind Verb Phrase (A phrase that does the work of a Verb) E.g. She ran quickly to avoid the falling tree Prepositional Phrase (A phrase that does the work of a Preposition) E.g. He went on board the ship Conjunction Phrase (A phrase which does the work of a Conjunction) E.g. In case we fail, we must try again Interjection Phrase (A phrase which does the work of an Interjection) E.g. What a pity! Types of Phrases • Phrases also include the following:
- 8. Clauses and Phrases • A clause is a group of words containing a subject and verb or predicate. An independent clause is a simple sentence. It can stand on its own. She is hungry. I am feeling well today. • A dependent clause cannot stand on its own. It needs an independent clause to complete a sentence. Dependent clauses often begin with such words as although, since, if, when, and because. Although she is hungry … Whoever is hungry … Since I am feeling well …
- 9. Clauses and Phrases Although she is hungry, Whatever they decide, She will give him some of her food. I will agree to it. Dependent Independent
- 11. Types of Sentences: • Simple • Compound • Complex • Compound-Complex
- 12. • A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought. • Examples of simple sentences include the following: Simple Sentences Joe waited for the train. "Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb The train was late. "The train" = subject, "was" = verb
- 13. A simple sentence can also be referred to as an independent clause. It is referred to as "independent" because, while it might be part of a compound or complex sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence. Simple Sentences
- 14. Compound Sentences • A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. • Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remember if you think of the words FANBOYS
- 16. Joe waited for the train, but the train was late. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived. Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station. • Examples of compound sentences include the following:
- 17. Complex Sentences • A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses connected to it. • Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.
- 18. Complex Sentences • Dependent clauses begin with subordinating conjunctions. Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions: after although as because before even though if since unless until when whenever whereas wherever while though
- 19. • A complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses. • The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the independent clause, as in the following: Since Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station. While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late. After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station.
- 20. • Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent clause, as in the following: I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon. Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station. Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after they left on the bus.
- 21. Compound-Complex Sentences • Compound Complex Sentences has all these in its sentence: Subordinating Conjunction Dependent Clause Independent clause Coordinating conjunction Independent clause Example: We wanted to have fun. My friends and I went to Rio. We danced all night. Answer: Since we wanted to have fun, my friends and I went to Rio and we danced all night.
- 23. Read the sentence below and explain why is it a simple, compound, complex or compound complex sentence. I’ve read this book a hundred times.
- 24. This shirt is too big and this one is too small. Read the sentence below and explain why is it a simple, compound, complex or compound complex sentence.
- 25. When the bell rings, it is time for the children to go to class. Read the sentence below and explain why is it a simple, compound, complex or compound complex sentence.
- 26. When the bell rings, it is time for the children to go to class, and obtain knowledge from the best. Read the sentence below and explain why is it a simple, compound, complex or compound complex sentence.