The document outlines the structures and functions of perfect and perfect progressive verb tenses, including present, past, and future forms. It highlights the differences between simple and perfect tenses and provides examples for clarity. Additionally, it explains the use of time indicators and the aspects related to continuous actions in various tenses.

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Verb Overview
Perfect & Perfect Progressive

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All Verbs Have…
Form Function

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Perfect

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Present Perfect
Form:
ALWAYS Takes TWO verbs
Present form of have + past participle of
verb
He has called his mother.
She has driven to school.
Hint: Past Part can be regular or
irregular!

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Present Perfect
Function:
An action finished anytime before now.
Catherine has already taken attendance.
Hint: Often used with a time adverb.
Note: Adverb often between helper and
main verb.

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Past Perfect
Form:
ALWAYS Takes TWO verbs
Past form of have + past participle of
verb
He had called his mother…
She had driven to school…
Hint: Used when two actions occurring in
past!

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Past Perfect
Form:
An action which was completely finished
before another past action was finished.
Catherine had just turned on the TV when
the phone rang.
Hint: All actions take place in the past!

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Future Perfect
Form:
ALWAYS Takes THREE verbs
Future form of have (will +have) + past
participle of verb
He will have called his mother…
Hint: Used when two actions occurring in
future!

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Future Perfect
Function:
An action will occur in the future and be
completely finished before another
future
action occurs.
Pam will have washed the dishes before
Joe eats dessert.
Hint: Second action uses the Simple
Present.

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Simple vs. Perfect
ONE action TWO actions

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Simple Past vs. Present Perfect
1. Definite & specific
time in past
2. Continuous or
competed events in
past
3. Repeated past
events that are
finished
4. Recently completed
1. Indefinite or
Unspecified past
time
2. Unfinished past
events or states
3. Repeated past
events that can
occur again
4. Recently completed
that affects
present

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Simple Past vs. Past Perfect
One past event Two past events
and past
perfect used
to describe
the earliest
event

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Simple Future vs. Future Perfect
1. One future
event
2. States of
being or
existence
1. Two events in
future: one
future event will
be completed
before the other
2. Only used for
points or events
in time

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Tomorrow is an important day
for Colette. She ________ (go)
to the high school prom.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Tomorrow is an important day
for Colette. She will go to the
high school prom.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
She ___________ (wear) a
long dress, and her date, Jason
(wear) _________ a tuxedo.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
She will wear a long dress, and
her date, Jason will wear a
tuxedo.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Today, she is quite busy getting
ready. Hopefully by tomorrow at
six o’clock, she ____________
(go) to the hair dresser and her
mother ______________ (pick
up) up her dress from the store.
Her father ____________
(buy) her the pearl earrings.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Today, she is quite busy getting
ready. Hopefully by tomorrow at
six o’clock, she will have gone to
the hair dresser and her
mother will have picked up her
dress from the store. Her
father will have bought her the
pearl earrings.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Jason is busy too. This afternoon, he
_________ (rent) his tuxedo and
_______ (get) his hair cut. By the time
he picks Colette up, he ____________
(wash) the car and _______ (buy) her
the corsage he ordered.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Jason is busy too. This afternoon, he
will rent his tuxedo and will get his hair
cut. By the time he picks Colette up, he
will have washed the car and will have
bought her the corsage he ordered.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Today, Colette looks like an
ordinary teenager in jeans and a
t-shirt. By tomorrow, she
________ (be) an elegant
woman in formal attire.

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Simple Future or Future Perfect?
Today, Colette looks like an
ordinary teenager in jeans and a
t-shirt. By tomorrow, she will be
an elegant woman in formal
attire.

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Problems with Tenses
Problem
I arrived a minute ago.
I have been here since
/ for…
Explanation
Use Simple Past ONLY
Use Present Perfect
ONLY
AGO
SINCE & FOR

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Problems with Tenses
Problem
I have been here since
Feb.
I have been here for 2
days.
Explanation
Use Since for date or
time.
Use For for time
period.
SINCE OR FOR

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Perfect Progressive

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Present Perfect Progressive
Form:
ALWAYS Takes THREE verbs
Present have + been + base form verb + ing
He has been going to school for 2 years.
They have been living here a long time.
Hint: Uses a time indicator.

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Present Perfect Progressive
Function:
An event which started in the past and has
been in progress until now for a specific
amount of time.
Catherine has been teaching for 11 years.
Hint: Only one action occurring

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Past Perfect Progressive
Form:
ALWAYS Takes THREE verbs
Past have + been + base form verb + ing
He had been going to school for 2 years.
Hint: Uses a time indicator.

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Past Perfect Progressive
Function:
An past action which was in progress
before another past action occurred.
I had been typing for an hour before my
husband came home.
Hint: Second action uses Simple Past.

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Future Perfect Progressive
Form:
ALWAYS Takes THREE verbs
Past have + been + base form verb + ing
He will have been going to school for 2
years by the time…
Hint: Used for two future events.

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Future Perfect Continuous
Function:
An action occurs in the future and is in
progress before another future action
occurs.
Catherine will have been teaching for 10
hours today before she goes home.
Hint: Second action is in Simple Present.

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Present Perfect Progressive or Present Perfect
Emphasizes that
something
happened recently
in past
Emphasizes the
length or duration
of an activity still
happening
Emphasizes that
something was
completed at an
indefinite time in
the past
Emphasizes the
quantity to
recently
completed

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Present Perfect Progressive or Present Perfect
No DIFFERENCE with certain verbs
(verbs of living, occupation, and
vocation)
I have been living / I have lived
He has been working / has worked

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For More Information
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ccoleman@clmn.net
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