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Sense reference
Sense refers to the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, focusing on intra-linguistic relations between words independent of context. Reference relates a linguistic form to real-world entities. Sense is abstract while reference deals with experience. For example, "dog" has the sense of domesticated canine but can refer to different actual dogs. A form can have multiple references but the same reference can be denoted by different senses. Not all forms have reference if the referred entity doesn't exist. Sense and reference are both parts of meaning and their relationship is explained through examples.
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Sense reference
- 1. Studies in Semantics Senseand Reference
- 2. The definition ofsense: Sense is abstract and de- contextualized, and it refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. Sense is concerned only with intra- linguistic relations. It is the collection of all the semantic features of the linguistic form.
- 3. Examples: Dog: domesticated caninemammal, occurring in many breeds showing great size, color, and form variety. Desk: piece of furniture with a flat top and legs, used to read and write. I: pronoun, indicating the speaker.
- 4. The definition ofreference: Reference is what a linguistic form points to in the real world. It deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the metalinguistic world of experience.
- 5. Examples: • “I ama PhD student.” “I” refers to Fadi Sukkari. • “The door in this classroom is white.” “door” refers to the flat surface that separates our room from the corridor.
- 6. Sense and Reference are both parts of meaning yet, what relation is there between them?
- 7. Sense vs. Reference: 1-A linguistic form with a unique sense may have different referents in different situations. 2- The same referent might be pointed to by numerous linguistic forms having different senses. 3- All linguistic forms have sense, but not necessarily reference.
- 8. “A proper name(word or sign) expresses its sense, and designates its reference.” Frege, 1892. Every expression has both a sense and a reference; actually, it denotes its reference, and expresses its sense.
- 9. A- Sense many references
- 10. “Our president isgiving a speech.” →
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- 13. “Is there stillany hot water?” →
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- 15. Hot water fora shower.
- 16. B- Reference many senses
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- 19. The winner ofthe Ohio elections.
- 20. The Minister ofForeign affairs.
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- 22. C- Sense no reference
- 23. “A white unicornis in my garden.” →
- 25. But Unicorns Don’tExist!
- 26. D- Reference no sense ***
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- 28. If you ignore what LITCHIES are, then you have missed a really delicious CHINESE FRUIT!
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- 30. “Ich bin einBerliner” I am a berliner I am a Jelly doughnut «Berliner» is polysemic and can denote more than one referent.
- 31. a- The Siamesebreed is a very healthy type of cat. (Declarative) b- Semantics is so interesting! (Affective) “The meaning of … a sentence is determined … by the meanings of its constituents. Semantics is primarily denotational … meanings are denotations of linguistic entities: the denotations of words are objects, while those of sentences are truth values.” Frege.
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- 33. Identity Puzzle (3 x4) = (6 + 6) (3 x 4) = (6 + 6) 12
- 34. “On Sense andReference”; 1892 1- The Morning Star Evening Star The Planet 2- The Venus 3- The Morning Star is the Morning Star. 4- The Morning Star is the Evening Star. 5- Lin believes that the Morning Star is Venus. 6- Lin believes that the Evening Star is Venus.