This document provides information about barley. It discusses that barley is an annual crop from the grass family with a chromosome number of n=7. It is drought resistant and originated in central and southwestern Asia. The document outlines that barley is used for food, animal feed, alcohol, and bread making. It has a protein content of 7-13% with high fiber. The document then describes the flowering and self-pollination process of barley and provides steps for emasculation and pollination when doing hybridization.

1. By UMAIR RASOOL AZMI

2. Barley
 S.N: Hordeum vulgare
 Family: Poaceae
 Tribe: Triticii
 Annual, determinate and rabi crop.
 Wide Range Of Adaptability
 Drought Resistant
 Disease Resistant
 Susceptible To Water Logging

3.  Chromosome number is n=7 and 2n=14
 Originated from central and south western Asia &
Mediterranean
 Genus Hordeum contains 32 species but only vulgare is
cultivated.
 Diploid in nature but
 Genus Hordeum also contains tetraploid and
hexaploid sp.

4.  Used as food, animal feed.
 Used for alcohol and bread making.
 Good source of food in Ethiopia, India and china
 Protein contents 7-13% with high fiber content .
 When bran is removed it is called De-hulled barley is
called as pearl barley.

5.  A naturally self-pollinated crop.
 Inflorescence is spike
 Spikelets are the flowering units. Arranged in triplet in
opposite manner at each node.
 2 row barley and 6 row barley.
 Lemma and Pelea are intact with the seed (grain).
 Anthesis starts slightly above from middle and progresses
upward and downward.
 Blooming of spikes of a plant completes in 7-9 days.

6.  Pollen viable for 46h at 26°C. 35-45µm in size.
Anemophillous
 Stigma receptive till 6-8 days after blooming.
 Fertilization after 5 minutes after pollen adhere to stigma.
 Out crossing depends upon Genotype
 Winter varieties strictly self pollinated about 99%
 Spring varieties calleistogamous about 10% out crossing.

7.  A pair of scissor
 Sharp pointed Needle
 Forceps
 Magnifying lens
 Camel hair brush
 Petri dish
 Butter paper bag
 Methylated siprit
 Tag and led pencil

8.  Self pollination occurs naturally.
 Cover the spike with a butter paper bag to avoid any
possible contamination.

9.  Emasculation
 In evening, cut the lateral spikelets with scissors
retaining 8-15 lateral spikelets on a spike.
 Clip off 3-4 spikelets from the basal side and 4-5
florets from the apical side of the spike.
 Cut 1/3 portion of a floret with scissor and remove
anthers with fine sharp pointed needle from spikelets
before anthesis starts.
 Carefully handle the flower and see that pistil does not
get damaged.
 Cover the emasculated spike with a butter paper bag.

10.  Pollination
 In the evening, bag the spike of male parent before
dehiscence of anthers.
 Next day collect the pollens in a Petri dish.
 Apply the pollen grains to the stigma of female with a
camel hair brush.
 Cover the spike again with its respective bag after
pollination.

11.  Sterile your hand and instruments with Methylated
siprit before moving to the next plant.
 Tagging
 Tag the plant indicating name of cross, date of
emasculation and pollination and your signature.