SEIZURE DISORDER
•
6 likes•242 views
Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that interrupt normal function. They can be idiopathic or caused by conditions like head injuries, infections, tumors, or drug withdrawal. Seizures are classified as partial or generalized, with partial seizures affecting only one area of the brain and generalized seizures affecting both sides. Generalized seizures include absence, tonic-clonic, myoclonic, tonic, clonic, and atonic seizures. Seizures progress through aura, ictal, and postictal phases with associated signs and symptoms. Diagnostic evaluation includes medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and blood tests. Emergency management focuses on safety and first aid, while treatment
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
This document discusses increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It begins by describing the components inside the skull - brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. ICP is the total pressure from these components. Compensatory mechanisms aim to maintain a constant cerebral blood flow. Causes of increased ICP include brain injuries, tumors, and edema. Clinical manifestations include headache, vomiting, and altered vital signs. Diagnostic tests include CT, MRI, and direct ICP measurement. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, maintaining perfusion, and reducing CSF and blood volume through interventions like osmotic diuretics, hyperventilation, and surgical decompression when needed.
Head injury
This document provides information on nursing management of patients with head injuries. It begins with objectives of teaching nurses to provide care for head injury patients. It then covers anatomy and physiology of the brain, definitions and classifications of head injuries, causes and risk factors, mechanisms of injury, clinical manifestations, diagnostic assessments, potential complications, medical and surgical management including surgery, and nursing management with a focus on patient assessment and monitoring.
Head injury
This document discusses head injuries, including traumatic brain injury caused by external forces. Common causes are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports injuries. Mechanisms of injury include coup-contrecoup injuries where impact causes injury on both sides of the brain. Skull fractures and brain injuries like concussions and contusions can occur. Signs and symptoms include headache, vomiting, seizures and loss of consciousness. Diagnostic tests include CT scans, MRI and X-rays. Management focuses on ABCs, controlling intracranial pressure, oxygenation and surgery if needed. Nursing diagnoses address issues like impaired mobility, anxiety and knowledge deficits.
Status epilepticus
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency that starts when a seizure hits the 5-minute mark (or if there’s more than one seizure within 5 minutes).
Convulsive Status epilepticus-
The convulsive type is more common and more dangerous.
It involves tonic- clonic seizures (grand mal seizures)
In the tonic phase ( lasts less than 1 minute), body becomes stiff and person lose consciousness. Eyes roll back into head, muscles contract, back arches, and trouble breathing.
As the clonic phase starts, body spasms and jerks occur. Neck and limbs flex and relax rapidly but slow down over a few minutes.
Once the clonic phase ends, patient might stay unconscious for a few more minutes. This is the postictal period.Non-convulsive Status epilepticus-
Patient lose consciousness but is in an “epileptic twilight” state.
There might not able any shaking or seizing at all, so it can be very hard for someone observing patient to figure out what’s happening.
A non-convulsive seizure can turn into a convulsive episode.
Poorly controlled epilepsy
Low blood sugar
Stroke
Kidney failure
Liver failure
Encephalitis
HIV
Alcohol or drug abuse
Genetic diseases such as Fragile X syndrome and Angelman syndrome
Head injuries
Cerebrovascular Accident
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, depriving brain tissue of oxygen. It is a medical emergency. Globally, there are over 13 million new strokes per year resulting in over 5.5 million deaths annually. Common symptoms include trouble speaking, paralysis, trouble seeing, and trouble walking. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and age over 55. Treatment depends on whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic and may include clot-busting drugs, surgery, or other procedures. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient's condition, preventing complications, and facilitating recovery and rehabilitation with a team-based approach.
Management of stroke
This slide deals with the basic description of the types of stroke and further discuss about the management in short and precise manner
Status Epilepticus
This document discusses status epilepticus, which is defined as prolonged or repeated seizures without recovery between seizures. It classifies status epilepticus, explores its pathophysiology and etiology, and outlines its presentation, differential diagnosis, workup, and management. Status epilepticus results from either failed seizure termination mechanisms or initiation of mechanisms leading to prolonged seizures. It can cause neuronal death or injury if not promptly treated. Management involves initial treatment with benzodiazepines followed by anti-seizure medications like fosphenytoin or anesthetic doses if seizures persist over 40 minutes.
status epilepticus...
1. Convulsive status epilepticus has a bimodal distribution, peaking in children and the elderly, and has multiple potential causes including infections, strokes, alcohol withdrawal and brain injuries.
2. Mortality rates range from 10.5-28% and neurological sequelae occur in 11-16% of patients. Refractory status epilepticus is defined as continuing despite benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants.
3. Treatment involves terminating seizures acutely with benzodiazepines like lorazepam and diazepam. For refractory cases, second line drugs like phenytoin, fosphenytoin, valproate, levetirac
Recommended
INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
This document discusses increased intracranial pressure (ICP). It begins by describing the components inside the skull - brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. ICP is the total pressure from these components. Compensatory mechanisms aim to maintain a constant cerebral blood flow. Causes of increased ICP include brain injuries, tumors, and edema. Clinical manifestations include headache, vomiting, and altered vital signs. Diagnostic tests include CT, MRI, and direct ICP measurement. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, maintaining perfusion, and reducing CSF and blood volume through interventions like osmotic diuretics, hyperventilation, and surgical decompression when needed.
Head injury
This document provides information on nursing management of patients with head injuries. It begins with objectives of teaching nurses to provide care for head injury patients. It then covers anatomy and physiology of the brain, definitions and classifications of head injuries, causes and risk factors, mechanisms of injury, clinical manifestations, diagnostic assessments, potential complications, medical and surgical management including surgery, and nursing management with a focus on patient assessment and monitoring.
Head injury
This document discusses head injuries, including traumatic brain injury caused by external forces. Common causes are motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports injuries. Mechanisms of injury include coup-contrecoup injuries where impact causes injury on both sides of the brain. Skull fractures and brain injuries like concussions and contusions can occur. Signs and symptoms include headache, vomiting, seizures and loss of consciousness. Diagnostic tests include CT scans, MRI and X-rays. Management focuses on ABCs, controlling intracranial pressure, oxygenation and surgery if needed. Nursing diagnoses address issues like impaired mobility, anxiety and knowledge deficits.
Status epilepticus
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency that starts when a seizure hits the 5-minute mark (or if there’s more than one seizure within 5 minutes).
Convulsive Status epilepticus-
The convulsive type is more common and more dangerous.
It involves tonic- clonic seizures (grand mal seizures)
In the tonic phase ( lasts less than 1 minute), body becomes stiff and person lose consciousness. Eyes roll back into head, muscles contract, back arches, and trouble breathing.
As the clonic phase starts, body spasms and jerks occur. Neck and limbs flex and relax rapidly but slow down over a few minutes.
Once the clonic phase ends, patient might stay unconscious for a few more minutes. This is the postictal period.Non-convulsive Status epilepticus-
Patient lose consciousness but is in an “epileptic twilight” state.
There might not able any shaking or seizing at all, so it can be very hard for someone observing patient to figure out what’s happening.
A non-convulsive seizure can turn into a convulsive episode.
Poorly controlled epilepsy
Low blood sugar
Stroke
Kidney failure
Liver failure
Encephalitis
HIV
Alcohol or drug abuse
Genetic diseases such as Fragile X syndrome and Angelman syndrome
Head injuries
Cerebrovascular Accident
A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted, depriving brain tissue of oxygen. It is a medical emergency. Globally, there are over 13 million new strokes per year resulting in over 5.5 million deaths annually. Common symptoms include trouble speaking, paralysis, trouble seeing, and trouble walking. Risk factors include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and age over 55. Treatment depends on whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic and may include clot-busting drugs, surgery, or other procedures. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the patient's condition, preventing complications, and facilitating recovery and rehabilitation with a team-based approach.
Management of stroke
This slide deals with the basic description of the types of stroke and further discuss about the management in short and precise manner
Status Epilepticus
This document discusses status epilepticus, which is defined as prolonged or repeated seizures without recovery between seizures. It classifies status epilepticus, explores its pathophysiology and etiology, and outlines its presentation, differential diagnosis, workup, and management. Status epilepticus results from either failed seizure termination mechanisms or initiation of mechanisms leading to prolonged seizures. It can cause neuronal death or injury if not promptly treated. Management involves initial treatment with benzodiazepines followed by anti-seizure medications like fosphenytoin or anesthetic doses if seizures persist over 40 minutes.
status epilepticus...
1. Convulsive status epilepticus has a bimodal distribution, peaking in children and the elderly, and has multiple potential causes including infections, strokes, alcohol withdrawal and brain injuries.
2. Mortality rates range from 10.5-28% and neurological sequelae occur in 11-16% of patients. Refractory status epilepticus is defined as continuing despite benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants.
3. Treatment involves terminating seizures acutely with benzodiazepines like lorazepam and diazepam. For refractory cases, second line drugs like phenytoin, fosphenytoin, valproate, levetirac
Guillain barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. It is considered a post-infectious disorder, often triggered by bacterial or viral infections. Clinically, it begins with pain, paresthesia, and weakness in the legs that ascends to the trunk and arms. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing elevated proteins with normal cell counts and electrodiagnostic testing showing demyelination. Treatment focuses on supportive care like ventilation and immunotherapy using plasma exchange or IVIG. Recovery can take many months but most experience significant improvement.
intracranial pressure
intracranial pressure is a medical condition encountered in clinical setting resulting from traumatic injury of brain, RTA, ischemia, stroke & similar brain pathology. understanding of this condition is necessary for prompt identification & management at early stage.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
This document provides information about cerebrovascular accidents (strokes), including:
1. Strokes occur when blood supply to the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen and nutrients.
2. There are two main types of strokes - ischemic (lack of blood flow) and hemorrhagic (bleeding in the brain).
3. Signs and symptoms of strokes vary depending on the area of the brain affected but may include weakness, confusion, vision problems, and headaches.
Increased intracranial pressure
1. The document discusses increased intracranial pressure (ICP), including its causes, signs and symptoms, monitoring, and treatment approaches.
2. Key points include the Monroe-Kellie hypothesis which states that an increase in one component (blood, CSF, brain tissue) within the rigid skull causes changes in the others, and complications of increased ICP include brain herniation and death if not treated.
3. Treatment involves reducing cerebral edema, lowering CSF volume, decreasing cerebral blood volume, while maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure through interventions like mannitol infusion, CSF drainage, sedation, and hyperventilation. Surgical options include decompressive craniectomy.
Respiratory arrest and inssufficiency
The document discusses respiratory failure and insufficiency. It defines respiratory failure as inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, resulting in abnormal blood levels of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide. Respiratory insufficiency refers to the lungs' inability to function normally. The document then describes different types of respiratory failure including acute vs chronic and hypoxemic vs hypercapnic respiratory failure. It lists and explains various causes of each type of respiratory failure including diseases, injuries, and neurological conditions.
Increased icp
Craniotomy
A craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp and creating a hole known as a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated.
During open brain surgery, it is done to remove tumors, clip off an aneurysm, drain blood or fluid from an infection & remove abnormal brain tissue
Decompressive craniectomy
It is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Increased intracranial pressure is defined as cerebrospinal fluid pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
Infections
Tumors
Stroke
Aneurysm
Epilepsy
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive brain injury
Hypoxemia
Meningitis
Due to etiological factors
Components of ICP is disturbed- brain tissue, CSF, blood volume
An increase in the volume of ANY ONE component must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in one of the other components.
When this volume-pressure relationship becomes unbalanced, ICP increases.
Seizure and epilepsy
The document provides information on seizures, convulsions, and epilepsy. It defines these terms and describes the different types of seizures including partial/focal seizures and generalized seizures. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and management of seizures which includes anti-seizure medications, surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation. Nursing care focuses on protecting the individual during a seizure and observing/reporting seizure characteristics. Complications include prolonged seizures known as status epilepticus.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which makes breathing difficult. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. This fluid buildup is usually due to heart failure or conditions that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on reducing fluid buildup through diuretics, oxygen therapy, and treating the underlying cause.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a viral infection or the immune system attacking brain tissue. It affects 7.4 cases per 100,000 people annually in Western countries. Common causes include herpes simplex virus, rabies virus, and childhood infections. Symptoms include fever, headaches, drowsiness, personality changes, and seizures. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and spinal tap. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest, hydration, and rehabilitation to address complications like weakness and memory problems.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening condition caused by the use of neuroleptic drugs characterized by mental status changes, rigidity, fever, and dysautonomia. Diagnosis requires exposure to neuroleptics and two of the four cardinal symptoms. Treatment involves stopping the causative agents, supportive care, and specific treatments like dantrolene or bromocriptine. Prognosis depends on severity and medical complications, with reported mortality rates of 5-20%.
Seizure disorder
Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be classified as generalized or partial based on where they originate. Common types include generalized tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, and complex partial seizures. Seizures have various causes like genetics, head trauma, infections, and developmental disorders. Diagnosis involves a medical history, neurological exam, EEG, and imaging tests. Treatment primarily consists of anti-seizure medications to control seizures, while management focuses on preventing complications and improving quality of life.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
This document discusses acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It begins with an introduction and definition of ARDS. ARDS is an acute respiratory failure where the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable, resulting in hypoxemia. The document then covers the etiology and risk factors of ARDS, which can be direct lung injury from things like pneumonia or indirect injury from sepsis. The pathophysiology of ARDS is explained through a schematic. Clinical manifestations like dyspnea and hypoxemia are outlined. Diagnostic evaluations and potential complications of ARDS are also reviewed. The document concludes with discussions of the medical management of ARDS including mechanical ventilation support, settings, modes of ventilation and use of PEE
Metabolic encephalopathies 2
This document discusses metabolic encephalopathies, including their definition, pathophysiology, common types, diagnosis, and management. It focuses on hepatic encephalopathy caused by liver failure and uremic encephalopathy caused by kidney failure. The main mechanisms involve disruption of brain arousal centers and neurotransmitter abnormalities. Management involves treating the underlying condition, controlling seizures, reducing ammonia levels, and managing cerebral edema. Metabolic encephalopathies in critically ill patients can lead to long-term neurocognitive deficits even if the initial brain dysfunction was reversible.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing demyelination of the nerves. It results in progressive muscle weakness and diminished reflexes. The main classifications are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy. Diagnosis involves nerve conduction studies, lumbar puncture, electromyography and other tests. Treatment focuses on plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin or supportive care. Most patients recover fully, though respiratory support may be needed and rehabilitation is often required.
Hypertensive Crisis.ppt
This is a comprehensive approach to a hypertensive patient presenting to the emergency department.
Discussing:-
- Hypertensive emergency
- Hypertensive Urgency
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Hypertensive encephalopathy and retinopathy
- Accelerated Hypertension
- Malignant hypertension
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically develops secondary to a pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Symptoms progress through three stages - an initial prodromal stage with nonspecific symptoms, followed by signs of meningeal irritation and cranial nerve palsies, and finally a terminal stage with coma and death if untreated. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic pleocytosis and decreased glucose. Treatment consists of a combination of antitubercular drugs for 12 months along with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and complications. Prognosis depends on the stage of disease at treatment initiation, with mortality rates as high as 50%
Increased Intracranial Pressure
The document discusses increased intracranial pressure (ICP), including its causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches. ICP is normally 7-15 mmHg but can increase due to mass effects from tumors or swelling, increased venous pressure, or obstruction of CSF flow. Goals of treatment are to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure and prevent ischemia. Management includes positioning, monitoring vitals, controlling seizures, administering diuretics like mannitol, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Convulsive disorder
- Convulsive disorders involve involuntary muscle spasms or jerking that can cause loss of consciousness. They include epilepsy, where seizures are recurrent and unprovoked. Status epilepticus refers to prolonged or repeated seizures.
- Risk factors for seizures in infants and children include age under 1 year, fever, infections, preterm birth, and family history of seizures or epilepsy. Causes may be non-recurrent like fever or infections, or recurrent like genetic factors, injuries, or metabolic disorders.
- Diagnosis involves history, exam, blood tests, imaging, and EEG to evaluate for underlying conditions and rule out other causes. Treatment focuses on controlling seizures, addressing the underlying cause, and preventing complications and recurrence.
Ischemic stroke
Dr. Syed Muhammad Ali Shah provides an overview of ischemic stroke. Key points include:
- Stroke is defined as rapid onset of neurological deficit lasting over 24 hours caused by a vascular issue.
- Risk factors include atrial fibrillation, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and high cholesterol.
- Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans and MRI. Treatment depends on the cause but may include thrombolysis within 4.5 hours, aspirin, rehabilitation, and preventing future strokes through controlling risk factors.
- Future advances include endovascular therapies to remove clots and research on neuroprotection strategies. Prevention through lifestyle changes and medications can reduce stroke risk.
Nursing management with cva patient
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as a stroke, is caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain resulting in the death of brain cells. There are two main types of strokes: ischemic strokes caused by blood clot blockages and hemorrhagic strokes caused by ruptured blood vessels. Treatment depends on the stroke type and may include clot-busting drugs, surgery, or controlling bleeding. Nursing care focuses on rehabilitation and prevention of complications through careful monitoring, positioning, and facilitating recovery of motor and cognitive functions. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent future strokes by managing risk factors like high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, and atrial fibrillation.
Seizures
This document provides information on seizures and epilepsy. It defines seizures as uncontrolled electrical discharges in the brain that interrupt normal function. Epilepsy is defined as a recurrent seizure disorder caused by abnormal brain activity. Seizures can be caused by genetic, developmental, infectious, or environmental factors. The stages of a seizure are the prodromal, ictal, and postictal phases. Seizures are classified as partial or generalized and have different clinical manifestations depending on the affected brain region. Diagnosis involves a history, physical exam, EEG, and sometimes CT/MRI. Treatment includes anti-seizure medications, dietary therapies, surgery, and nursing care during and after seizures to prevent injury.
Seizures in Childhood.pptx
This document provides an overview of seizures in childhood, including definitions, epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, evaluation, focal seizures and related epilepsy syndromes, generalized seizures and syndromes, and treatment. Key points include that focal seizures are the most common seizure type in children, various etiologies can cause seizures, and evaluation involves a detailed history, physical exam, EEG, imaging and potentially metabolic testing to identify underlying causes and guide treatment. Common benign childhood epilepsy syndromes like BECTS are also discussed.
More Related Content
What's hot
Guillain barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. It is considered a post-infectious disorder, often triggered by bacterial or viral infections. Clinically, it begins with pain, paresthesia, and weakness in the legs that ascends to the trunk and arms. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing elevated proteins with normal cell counts and electrodiagnostic testing showing demyelination. Treatment focuses on supportive care like ventilation and immunotherapy using plasma exchange or IVIG. Recovery can take many months but most experience significant improvement.
intracranial pressure
intracranial pressure is a medical condition encountered in clinical setting resulting from traumatic injury of brain, RTA, ischemia, stroke & similar brain pathology. understanding of this condition is necessary for prompt identification & management at early stage.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
This document provides information about cerebrovascular accidents (strokes), including:
1. Strokes occur when blood supply to the brain is disrupted, causing brain cells to die from lack of oxygen and nutrients.
2. There are two main types of strokes - ischemic (lack of blood flow) and hemorrhagic (bleeding in the brain).
3. Signs and symptoms of strokes vary depending on the area of the brain affected but may include weakness, confusion, vision problems, and headaches.
Increased intracranial pressure
1. The document discusses increased intracranial pressure (ICP), including its causes, signs and symptoms, monitoring, and treatment approaches.
2. Key points include the Monroe-Kellie hypothesis which states that an increase in one component (blood, CSF, brain tissue) within the rigid skull causes changes in the others, and complications of increased ICP include brain herniation and death if not treated.
3. Treatment involves reducing cerebral edema, lowering CSF volume, decreasing cerebral blood volume, while maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure through interventions like mannitol infusion, CSF drainage, sedation, and hyperventilation. Surgical options include decompressive craniectomy.
Respiratory arrest and inssufficiency
The document discusses respiratory failure and insufficiency. It defines respiratory failure as inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, resulting in abnormal blood levels of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide. Respiratory insufficiency refers to the lungs' inability to function normally. The document then describes different types of respiratory failure including acute vs chronic and hypoxemic vs hypercapnic respiratory failure. It lists and explains various causes of each type of respiratory failure including diseases, injuries, and neurological conditions.
Increased icp
Craniotomy
A craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp and creating a hole known as a bone flap in the skull. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated.
During open brain surgery, it is done to remove tumors, clip off an aneurysm, drain blood or fluid from an infection & remove abnormal brain tissue
Decompressive craniectomy
It is a neurosurgical procedure in which part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed. It is performed on victims of traumatic brain injury, stroke and other conditions associated with raised intracranial pressure.
Increased intracranial pressure is defined as cerebrospinal fluid pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
Infections
Tumors
Stroke
Aneurysm
Epilepsy
Seizures
Hydrocephalus
Hypertensive brain injury
Hypoxemia
Meningitis
Due to etiological factors
Components of ICP is disturbed- brain tissue, CSF, blood volume
An increase in the volume of ANY ONE component must be accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in one of the other components.
When this volume-pressure relationship becomes unbalanced, ICP increases.
Seizure and epilepsy
The document provides information on seizures, convulsions, and epilepsy. It defines these terms and describes the different types of seizures including partial/focal seizures and generalized seizures. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and management of seizures which includes anti-seizure medications, surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation. Nursing care focuses on protecting the individual during a seizure and observing/reporting seizure characteristics. Complications include prolonged seizures known as status epilepticus.
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which makes breathing difficult. It occurs when fluid leaks into the tiny air sacs in the lungs called alveoli. This fluid buildup is usually due to heart failure or conditions that increase blood pressure in the lungs. Common symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. Diagnosis involves listening to the chest, chest x-rays, and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on reducing fluid buildup through diuretics, oxygen therapy, and treating the underlying cause.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a viral infection or the immune system attacking brain tissue. It affects 7.4 cases per 100,000 people annually in Western countries. Common causes include herpes simplex virus, rabies virus, and childhood infections. Symptoms include fever, headaches, drowsiness, personality changes, and seizures. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and spinal tap. Treatment focuses on antiviral drugs, rest, hydration, and rehabilitation to address complications like weakness and memory problems.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening condition caused by the use of neuroleptic drugs characterized by mental status changes, rigidity, fever, and dysautonomia. Diagnosis requires exposure to neuroleptics and two of the four cardinal symptoms. Treatment involves stopping the causative agents, supportive care, and specific treatments like dantrolene or bromocriptine. Prognosis depends on severity and medical complications, with reported mortality rates of 5-20%.
Seizure disorder
Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain and can be classified as generalized or partial based on where they originate. Common types include generalized tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, and complex partial seizures. Seizures have various causes like genetics, head trauma, infections, and developmental disorders. Diagnosis involves a medical history, neurological exam, EEG, and imaging tests. Treatment primarily consists of anti-seizure medications to control seizures, while management focuses on preventing complications and improving quality of life.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
This document discusses acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It begins with an introduction and definition of ARDS. ARDS is an acute respiratory failure where the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable, resulting in hypoxemia. The document then covers the etiology and risk factors of ARDS, which can be direct lung injury from things like pneumonia or indirect injury from sepsis. The pathophysiology of ARDS is explained through a schematic. Clinical manifestations like dyspnea and hypoxemia are outlined. Diagnostic evaluations and potential complications of ARDS are also reviewed. The document concludes with discussions of the medical management of ARDS including mechanical ventilation support, settings, modes of ventilation and use of PEE
Metabolic encephalopathies 2
This document discusses metabolic encephalopathies, including their definition, pathophysiology, common types, diagnosis, and management. It focuses on hepatic encephalopathy caused by liver failure and uremic encephalopathy caused by kidney failure. The main mechanisms involve disruption of brain arousal centers and neurotransmitter abnormalities. Management involves treating the underlying condition, controlling seizures, reducing ammonia levels, and managing cerebral edema. Metabolic encephalopathies in critically ill patients can lead to long-term neurocognitive deficits even if the initial brain dysfunction was reversible.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing demyelination of the nerves. It results in progressive muscle weakness and diminished reflexes. The main classifications are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute motor axonal neuropathy, and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy. Diagnosis involves nerve conduction studies, lumbar puncture, electromyography and other tests. Treatment focuses on plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin or supportive care. Most patients recover fully, though respiratory support may be needed and rehabilitation is often required.
Hypertensive Crisis.ppt
This is a comprehensive approach to a hypertensive patient presenting to the emergency department.
Discussing:-
- Hypertensive emergency
- Hypertensive Urgency
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Hypertensive encephalopathy and retinopathy
- Accelerated Hypertension
- Malignant hypertension
Tuberculous meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically develops secondary to a pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Symptoms progress through three stages - an initial prodromal stage with nonspecific symptoms, followed by signs of meningeal irritation and cranial nerve palsies, and finally a terminal stage with coma and death if untreated. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic pleocytosis and decreased glucose. Treatment consists of a combination of antitubercular drugs for 12 months along with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and complications. Prognosis depends on the stage of disease at treatment initiation, with mortality rates as high as 50%
Increased Intracranial Pressure
The document discusses increased intracranial pressure (ICP), including its causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches. ICP is normally 7-15 mmHg but can increase due to mass effects from tumors or swelling, increased venous pressure, or obstruction of CSF flow. Goals of treatment are to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure and prevent ischemia. Management includes positioning, monitoring vitals, controlling seizures, administering diuretics like mannitol, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Convulsive disorder
- Convulsive disorders involve involuntary muscle spasms or jerking that can cause loss of consciousness. They include epilepsy, where seizures are recurrent and unprovoked. Status epilepticus refers to prolonged or repeated seizures.
- Risk factors for seizures in infants and children include age under 1 year, fever, infections, preterm birth, and family history of seizures or epilepsy. Causes may be non-recurrent like fever or infections, or recurrent like genetic factors, injuries, or metabolic disorders.
- Diagnosis involves history, exam, blood tests, imaging, and EEG to evaluate for underlying conditions and rule out other causes. Treatment focuses on controlling seizures, addressing the underlying cause, and preventing complications and recurrence.
Ischemic stroke
Dr. Syed Muhammad Ali Shah provides an overview of ischemic stroke. Key points include:
- Stroke is defined as rapid onset of neurological deficit lasting over 24 hours caused by a vascular issue.
- Risk factors include atrial fibrillation, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and high cholesterol.
- Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans and MRI. Treatment depends on the cause but may include thrombolysis within 4.5 hours, aspirin, rehabilitation, and preventing future strokes through controlling risk factors.
- Future advances include endovascular therapies to remove clots and research on neuroprotection strategies. Prevention through lifestyle changes and medications can reduce stroke risk.
Nursing management with cva patient
A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as a stroke, is caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain resulting in the death of brain cells. There are two main types of strokes: ischemic strokes caused by blood clot blockages and hemorrhagic strokes caused by ruptured blood vessels. Treatment depends on the stroke type and may include clot-busting drugs, surgery, or controlling bleeding. Nursing care focuses on rehabilitation and prevention of complications through careful monitoring, positioning, and facilitating recovery of motor and cognitive functions. Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent future strokes by managing risk factors like high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, and atrial fibrillation.
What's hot (20)
Similar to SEIZURE DISORDER
Seizures
This document provides information on seizures and epilepsy. It defines seizures as uncontrolled electrical discharges in the brain that interrupt normal function. Epilepsy is defined as a recurrent seizure disorder caused by abnormal brain activity. Seizures can be caused by genetic, developmental, infectious, or environmental factors. The stages of a seizure are the prodromal, ictal, and postictal phases. Seizures are classified as partial or generalized and have different clinical manifestations depending on the affected brain region. Diagnosis involves a history, physical exam, EEG, and sometimes CT/MRI. Treatment includes anti-seizure medications, dietary therapies, surgery, and nursing care during and after seizures to prevent injury.
Seizures in Childhood.pptx
This document provides an overview of seizures in childhood, including definitions, epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, evaluation, focal seizures and related epilepsy syndromes, generalized seizures and syndromes, and treatment. Key points include that focal seizures are the most common seizure type in children, various etiologies can cause seizures, and evaluation involves a detailed history, physical exam, EEG, imaging and potentially metabolic testing to identify underlying causes and guide treatment. Common benign childhood epilepsy syndromes like BECTS are also discussed.
Seizures
Seizures are caused by uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that can cause physical convulsions, minor physical signs, or changes in behavior. Seizures are classified as either partial/focal seizures, which originate in one area of the brain, or generalized seizures, which involve both sides of the brain. Common types of seizures include tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic, and tonic seizures. Seizures can be caused by various neurological disorders, injuries, infections, or genetic factors. Diagnosis involves medical history, neurological exam, and tests like EEG, MRI, and lumbar puncture. Emergency management focuses on airway protection, injury prevention, and administration of antiseizure
Fits, faints and funny turns
The document defines syncope as a transient loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain. It classifies syncope into cardiac, reflex/neurocardiogenic, and orthostatic hypotension categories based on etiology. Cardiac syncope can be due to arrhythmias like bradycardia or structural issues like aortic stenosis. Reflex syncope includes vasovagal which can be triggered by emotions or orthostatic stress, and carotid sinus syncope caused by pressure on the carotid sinus. Orthostatic hypotension syncope results from autonomic dysfunction or drugs/illnesses that cause volume depletion.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures. A seizure occurs when there is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. About 2.3 million Americans have epilepsy. While the specific cause is unknown in many cases, common causes include head trauma, brain tumors, strokes, genetic factors, and developmental issues. Treatment involves medications, surgery, dietary therapies and lifestyle modifications, with the goal of eliminating seizures without side effects. The choice of treatment depends on the seizure type, underlying causes, age, and other individual factors.
seizure seizure in medical surgical nursing
- Seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that can be accompanied by various disorders or occur spontaneously. Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, spontaneous seizures.
- Seizures can be generalized, involving both sides of the brain, or focal, beginning in one area. Common generalized seizures include tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, atonic, tonic, and clonic. Focal seizures affect a specific brain region.
- Diagnosis involves the seizure description, EEG, and tests to rule out underlying causes. Treatment includes antiseizure medications and possibly surgery for drug-resistant cases. The goals are preventing injury and status epilepticus while improving quality of
Epilepsy and seizure disorders in children
This document provides information on epilepsy and seizure disorders in children. It defines different types of seizures including generalized, focal, and febrile seizures. Common causes and syndromes of epilepsy in children are discussed. Evaluation, management, and treatment of status epilepticus and febrile seizures are summarized. The goal of treatment is to control seizures with medication while minimizing side effects.
Movement disorders
1) Chorea is a genetic disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG nucleotide repeats in the Huntington gene (HTT) located on chromosome 4p16.3. This results in production of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) which causes degeneration of neurons in the brain.
2) Symptoms include involuntary dance-like movements or chorea, cognitive decline, psychiatric problems like depression and aggression. Onset and severity depends on number of CAG repeats - higher repeats cause earlier onset of more severe symptoms.
3) There is no cure for Chorea. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms like antipsychotics for psychosis, antidepressants for depression, tranquilizers for anxiety and chorea. Nursing care
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is defined as recurrent unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal neuronal activity in the brain. It has many potential causes including genetic factors, congenital malformations, infections, trauma, and tumors. Seizures are classified as partial or generalized based on where they originate and their effects. Treatment involves initiating anti-seizure medication after two seizures to prevent recurrence, with the medication chosen based on seizure type and potential side effects monitored. Lifestyle advice and emergency plans are also provided to patients.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Seizures occur when there is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. The document discusses the types of seizures including generalized tonic-clonic, absence, myoclonic, complex partial, and simple partial seizures. It also outlines the diagnostic studies, medical management with anti-seizure medications, and surgical options that include resection of the seizure focus area or disconnecting communication between brain hemispheres. Vagus nerve stimulation is another treatment approach where a device implanted in the chest delivers electrical pulses to the vagus nerve in the neck to help prevent seizures.
AlharebEpilepsy(1).pptx
This document provides an overview of epilepsy including definitions, types of seizures, causes, risk factors, diagnostic approach, treatment options, and antiepileptic drug management. Key points include: epilepsy is defined as recurrent unprovoked seizures; status epilepticus is a medical emergency; common causes include vascular, infectious, traumatic, autoimmune and metabolic factors; evaluation involves clinical history, EEG, MRI and video telemetry; treatment involves acute seizure control and chronic antiepileptic drug management to prevent recurrence; drug selection depends on seizure type and side effect profile; surgery is an option for drug-resistant cases.
Neurological Disorder in children13.03.pptx
- A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that results in changes in behavior, movements, feelings, and levels of consciousness. Seizures can be caused by neurological disorders like epilepsy.
- There are different types of seizures including partial/focal seizures which involve one area of the brain, and generalized seizures which involve both hemispheres of the brain. Common types are absence, tonic-clonic, myoclonic and atonic seizures.
- Diagnosing the cause of seizures involves tests like EEG, CT/MRI scans, and blood tests. Treatment typically involves anti-seizure medications but may include surgery for drug-resistant cases. The goal is to control seizures and minimize risks
neonatalseizures-150504234526-conversion-gate01.pptx
Neonatal seizures constitute a medical emergency, as they indicate potential brain damage. Subtle seizures are most common in newborns. Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia are common treatable causes, and should be addressed before initiating anti-seizure medications. Comprehensive management involves emergency care during seizures, diagnostic workup including blood tests and imaging to identify underlying etiologies like hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and psychosocial support for the family.
Delirium
Delirium is an acute organic mental disorder characterized by impaired consciousness, disorientation, and disturbances in perception and restlessness. It has the highest incidence among organic mental disorders, affecting 10-25% of medical-surgical inpatients and 20-40% of geriatric patients. Causes include vascular issues, infections, toxins, trauma, and metabolic/endocrine disorders. Symptoms include impaired attention, perceptual disturbances, cognitive issues, and sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Episodes usually last around a week. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause and managing symptoms with benzodiazepines or antipsychotics.
DELIRIUM
This document discusses delirium, an acute organic mental disorder characterized by impaired consciousness, disorientation, and disturbances in perception and restlessness. It notes that delirium has the highest incidence among organic mental disorders, affecting 10-25% of medical-surgical inpatients and 20-40% of geriatric patients. Causes of delirium include infections, metabolic disturbances, toxins, and withdrawal from sedative drugs. Symptoms include impaired attention, perceptual disturbances, cognitive impairment, and disturbed sleep-wake cycles. Treatment involves identifying and correcting the underlying cause, with benzodiazepines or antipsychotics used to manage symptoms. Nursing care focuses on ensuring patient safety, meeting physical needs, reducing anxiety, and facilitating orientation.
seizure disorder_015608.pptx
This document provides information on seizure disorder including definitions, etiology, phases, classification, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management. It defines a seizure as a transient, uncontrolled electrical discharge in the brain that interrupts normal function. Seizures can be partial or generalized and are classified further. Management involves drug therapy using antiepileptics, surgery such as resection or callosotomy, and vagus nerve stimulation. Nursing care focuses on safety and managing medication. Complications include injury and decreased quality of life.
Epilepsy in children english
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND CHILD HEALTH DISORDERS IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #HEALTH,#NEW,#BORN,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
BSN 4th SEMESTER_Mixed notes_seizures+ epilepsy.pptx
Seizure disorders can be caused by genetic, developmental, acquired, or unknown factors. There are two main types of seizures - partial and generalized. Nursing management of seizures involves careful observation and documentation of seizure activity and symptoms before, during, and after seizures. It also includes prevention of injuries, psychological support, and post-seizure care such positioning and monitoring for complications. Status epilepticus is a medical emergency characterized by prolonged or repeated seizures without recovery in between, and requires rapid treatment to stop seizures and ensure adequate oxygenation.
Seizure disorder
This document discusses seizures and epilepsy. It defines a seizure as abnormal excessive neuronal activity in the brain and epilepsy as a predisposition to recurrent seizures. Seizures are classified as acute symptomatic, occurring within a week of an injury or illness, or unprovoked. Epilepsy is diagnosed if there are two unprovoked seizures or one seizure and high risk of recurrence. Causes include genetic, structural, metabolic, immune and infectious factors. Seizures are also classified as focal or generalized. Treatment involves controlling seizures with antiseizure medication while minimizing side effects and maintaining quality of life. Goals are seizure freedom, monitoring for side effects, and considering medication withdrawal after being seizure-free for two years.
Evaluation and Management of Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a common condition, encountered by neurologists, pediatricians, physicians and other doctors. It can be easily treated with anti-epileptic drugs. The current presentation discusses the approach to management of epilepsy, focussing on diagnosis and treatment.
Similar to SEIZURE DISORDER (20)
neonatalseizures-150504234526-conversion-gate01.pptx
neonatalseizures-150504234526-conversion-gate01.pptx
BSN 4th SEMESTER_Mixed notes_seizures+ epilepsy.pptx
BSN 4th SEMESTER_Mixed notes_seizures+ epilepsy.pptx
Recently uploaded
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
When it comes to creating marketing strategies that target older adults, it is crucial to have insight into their media habits and preferences. Understanding how older adults consume and use media is key to creating acquisition and retention strategies. We recently conducted our seventh annual survey to gain insight into the media preferences of older adults in 2024. Here are the survey responses and marketing implications that stood out to us.
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
Sunscreens, IP-I, Dr. M.N.CHISHTI, Asst Prof. Dept of Pharmaceutics, YBCCPA
Industrial Pharmacy -I, PCI syllabus
EXAMINATION OF HUMAN URINE AND FAECES.pdf
This presentation will help to develop in-depth knowledge of the examination of Urine and Faeces.
𝔹hopal Call Girls 7023059433 High Profile Independent Escorts 𝔹hopal
𝔹hopal Call Girls 7023059433 High Profile Independent Escorts 𝔹hopal
National Rural Health Mission(NRHM).pptx
This document describes the NRHM Scheme, its goals, objectives, components, and new initiatives.
About CentiUP - Introduction and Products.pdf
A heightened child formula, with the trio of Nano Calcium, HMO, and DHA mixed in the golden ratio, combined with NANO technology to help nourish the body deeply and comprehensively, helps children increase height, boost brain power, and improve the immune system and overall well-being.
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every Day
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every Day" and unlock the secrets to building a strong, lasting relationship. This comprehensive guide takes you on a journey to self-improvement, enhancing your communication and emotional skills, ensuring that your partner chooses you without hesitation. Forget about complications and start applying easy, straightforward steps that make her see you as the ideal person she can't live without. Gain the key to her heart and enjoy a relationship filled with love and mutual respect. This isn't just a book; it's an investment in your happiness and the happiness of your partner
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials fo...
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials fo...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials for clinical practice 1st edition myrick.
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials for clinical practice 1st edition myrick.
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials for clinical practice 1st edition myrick.Satisfying Spa Massage Experience at Just 99 AED - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Satisfying Spa Massage Experience at Just 99 AED - Malayali Kerala Spa AjmanMalayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Our Spa Massage Center Ajman prioritizes efficiency to ensure a satisfying massage experience for our clients at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman. We offer a hassle-free appointment system, effective health issue identification, and precise massage techniques.
Our Spa in Ajman stands out for its effectiveness in enhancing wellness. Our therapists focus on treating the root cause of issues, providing tailored treatments for each client. We take pride in offering the most satisfying Pakistani Spa service, adjusting treatment plans based on client feedback.
For the most result-oriented Russian Spa treatment in Ajman, visit our Massage Center. Our Russian therapists are skilled in various techniques to address health concerns. Our body-to-body massage is efficient due to individualized care and high-grade massage oils.Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...rightmanforbloodline
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressedTypes of Cancer Treatments | Forms of cancer treatment
Cancer treatment has advanced significantly over the years, offering patients various options tailored to their specific type of cancer and stage of disease. Understanding the different types of cancer treatments can help patients make informed decisions about their care. In this ppt, we have listed most common forms of cancer treatment available today.
一比一原版布里斯托大学毕业证(Bristol毕业证书)学历如何办理
补办文凭【微信号:176555708】【(Bristol毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
Recently uploaded (20)
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
2024 Media Preferences of Older Adults: Consumer Survey and Marketing Implica...
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
Sunscreens, IP-I, Dr. M.N.CHISHTI, Asst Prof. Dept of Pharmaceutics, YBCCPA
Sunscreens, IP-I, Dr. M.N.CHISHTI, Asst Prof. Dept of Pharmaceutics, YBCCPA
𝔹hopal Call Girls 7023059433 High Profile Independent Escorts 𝔹hopal
𝔹hopal Call Girls 7023059433 High Profile Independent Escorts 𝔹hopal
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials fo...
Test bank advanced health assessment and differential diagnosis essentials fo...
3. User Guide Activity Budget Tracking App Steps to apply.pptx
3. User Guide Activity Budget Tracking App Steps to apply.pptx
Satisfying Spa Massage Experience at Just 99 AED - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Satisfying Spa Massage Experience at Just 99 AED - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...
Types of Cancer Treatments | Forms of cancer treatment
Types of Cancer Treatments | Forms of cancer treatment
PPT DDTK 2 untuk balita dan prasekolah, deteksi dini tumbuh kembang pada anak
PPT DDTK 2 untuk balita dan prasekolah, deteksi dini tumbuh kembang pada anak
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
HEALTH ASSESSMENT IN NURSING USING THE NURSING PROCESSpptx
HEALTH ASSESSMENT IN NURSING USING THE NURSING PROCESSpptx
SEIZURE DISORDER
- 2. DEFINITION •An abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interrupt normal function. •Seizures are episodes of abnormal motor,sensory,autonomic,ir psychic activity (or a combination of these) that result from sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons.
- 3. CAUSES • Idiopathic • Acquired: 1. Hypoxemia 2. Fever 3. Head injury 4. Stroke 5. CNS infection 6. Metabolicand toxiccondition 7. Brain tumor 8. Drug and alcohol withdrawal
- 5. 1. PARTIAL SEIZURES •Simple partial seizures •Complex partial seizures
- 6. 2. GENERALIZE SEIZURES • Absence seizure • Generalized tonic clonic seizure • Myoclonic seizure • Tonic seizure • Clonic seizure • Atonic seizure
- 8. • Generalized tonic clonic seizure
- 10. • Tonic Seizure
- 11. • Clonic Seizure
- 12. • Atonic Seizure
- 13. Stages of seizures •Aura phase •Ictal phase •Postictal phase
- 14. 1. Aura Phase • This phase happens right before a seizure start . Over 5 to 20 min. And usually last 60 min. • Sign and symptoms : Vision problem Dizziness Numbness Nausea Feeling of intense fear
- 15. 2. Ictal Phase • This is stage of seizures. During it, intense electrical changes happen in brain. • Signs and Symptoms: Loss if awareness Feeling confused Seeing flashing lights Loss of muscle control Trouble speaking Repeated movements (arms ,lips)
- 16. 3. Postictal phase • During the final stage , brain try to get nerve cells to stop misfiring body begins to relax. • It can last for seconds , minutes, hours and sometimes even days. • Sign and symptoms: Drowsiness Confusion
- 17. Pathophysiology
- 19. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION • History collection • Physical examination • Blood test • CT Scan and MRI • Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)
- 21. PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT •Anticonvulsant : Carbamezapine 500mg •Antiseizures : Phenytoin 50mg IV
- 22. NURSING MANAGEMENT - During Seizure : • Provide privacy and privacy the patient from curious onlookers. • Ease the patient to the floor if possible. • If the patient is in bed , remove pillow and raise side rail. • Protect the head with a pad to prevent injury. • Push aside any furniture that may injured the patient during seizure. • Loosen constructive clothing. • If an aura preceds the seizure ,insert an oral airway to reduce the possibility of the patient biting the tongue or cheek.
- 23. After Seizure • Keep the patient on one side to prevent aspiration .Make sure the airway is patent. • There is usually a period of confusion after a grand Mal seizure. • A short apneic period may occur during or immediately after a generalized seizure. • The patient on awakening should be reoriented to the environment.
- 24. NURSING DIAGNOSIS • Risk for injury related to uncontrolled seizure activity. • Ineffective airway clearance related to blockage of the tongue. • Social isolation related to low self esteem to the disease. • Activity intolerance related to decreased cardiac output.