1) The document discusses the history and types of electric vehicles. It notes that Thomas Parker created the first electric vehicle suitable for production in 1884 using rechargeable batteries, and that by 1900, 40% of cars were electric. 2) It describes the four main types of electric vehicles: BEVs, HEVs, PHEVs, and FCEVs. BEVs have no internal combustion engine and use large battery packs, while HEVs have both an engine and electric motor with medium battery packs. 3) Smart grids can help optimize electric vehicle charging by shifting loads to off-peak periods using advanced metering equipment. This allows charging to start after morning demand peaks. Electric vehicles could

1. Past, Present and Future
Electric Vehicle
Seehan Islam
Student No: 1405059

2. Introduction
 Thomas Parker, an English electrical
engineer, was the first person to
create an electric vehicle suitable for
production in 1884, using
rechargeable batteries.
 By 1900,
– 40% cars were electric
– 38% ran on steam
– 22% was powered by gasoline
Fig1: One of Parker’s electric cars,
Parker is in the middle
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1. BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
– No IC (Internal Combustion) engine
– Only electric drive
– Battery pack size is large (20-80 kWh)
– Require external source of electricity
to recharge their batteries
– Example: Nissan Leaf, Tesla Model S
Types of Electric Vehicles

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2. HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
– Has IC engine and electric motor
– The batteries get charged by engine
– Battery pack size is medium (6-12kWh)
– Cannot be recharged from power grid.
Energy comes from gasoline and
regenerative braking
– Example: Honda Civic Hybrid
Types of Electric Vehicles
HEV
(Hybrid Electric Vehicle)

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3. PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
– Has IC engine and electric motor
– The batteries can be recharged from an
external source in public network
– Example: BMW i8
Types of Electric Vehicles
PHEV
(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)

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4. FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle)
– A fuel cell is an electrochemical
device in which the chemical
energy of hydrogen and oxygen
is converted into electrical energy.
– Hydrogen is used as fuel
– Water-only emissions
– Still in development phases
– Example: Toyota Mirai
Types of Electric Vehicles
FCEV
(Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle)

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How can Smart Grids help optimise scheduling of EV charging?
• By shifting charging load to off-peak periods
• Advanced metering equipment is an essential equipment enabling two-way flow
of information
• Advanced meters collect, store and report customer consumption data to avoid
charging at peak periods when prices are highest
• Advanced meters permit remote connection and disconnection
• Advanced metering technology can allow charging to start only after the morning
demand peak has been passed.
Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles

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To what extent could Evs help meet peak load
• Smart-grid technology enables EVs to be used as distributed storage devices:
– V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid): Feed electricity stores in the batteries back into the
system when needed
– V2H (Vehicle-to-Home): for use within the home or office
Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles

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Impact of Smart Grids and EV deployment on peak
electricity demand in North America
SGo is a reference scenario where no smart-grid technologies are deployed
SGMIN is a reference scenario in which smart grid policy adopted at minimum level:
G2V is manged in a limited way and V2G is minimal
SGMAX is a reference scenario in which smart-grid policy adopted at maximum level:
G2V is managed on a widespread basis and V2G is deployed widely

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• EVs powered by the present European electricity mix offer a 10% to 24% decrease
in global warming potential (GWP) relative to conventional diesel or gasoline
vehicles assuming lifetimes of 150,000 km.
• Nearly half of an EVs life-cycle GWP is associated with its production. GWP from
EV production is estimated 87-95 grams CO2 equivalent per km which is roughly
twice the 43 g CO2-eq/km associated with internal combustion engine vehicles
production.
• Other powertrain components, notably inverters and the passive battery cooling
system with their high aluminium content, contribute 16% to 18% of the
embodied GWP of EVs.
• An assumption of 100,000 km [lifetime use] decreases the benefit of EVs to 9% to
14% with respect to gasoline vehicles and results in impacts indistinguishable
from those of a diesel vehicle.
Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles

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• Until 2016, for each EV sold will count as more than one car when a
manufacturer’s average is calculated. Thus the regulation incentivises these
technologies.
• EVs which meet performance, reliability and safety criteria will be eligible for a
25% purchase price subsidy, up to a maximum of £5,000. In July 2010, £43m
funding for the scheme was confirmed.
• is setting out a framework for the development of a recharging network for
electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles
• In 2009, the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) was created jointly within
DfT, BIS and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to oversee
aspects of EV funding, including the „Plugged-in Places‟ (PiP) scheme.
UK Government Policies towards EVs

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Rise of Electric Vehicles

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Rise of Electric Vehicles

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• EVs will enhance energy security by reducing our dependence on foreign oil.
• Save money by cutting fuel costs for families and businesses
• Protect our health and safety by mitigating the impact of energy production and
use on climate change.
• Knowing what’s under the hood of EVs will help you evaluate the available
choices in the market. Enjoy driving into the future!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwHN6QQWv2g
Conclusion

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Electric Cars Could Wreak Havoc on Oil Markets Within a
Decade