Section 2 IATA Limitations

M. Tayfour 1Instructor : TAYFOURInstructor : TAYFOUR
Section 2Section 2
LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS

OBJECTIVES
After completion of unit you will be able to :
 Identify Dangerous Goods that are:
Forbidden for air transport,
Hidden dangerous goods,
Permitted as cargo under the regulations,
Excepted from the regulations;
 Understand the principles of :
Dangerous goods in Excepted Quantities.
Dangerous goods in Limited Quantities.
 Identify State and Operator Variations.

What is a limitationWhat is a limitation
Some dangerous goods are
too dangerous to be carried
by aircraft, others may be
carried on cargo aircraft only
and some are acceptable on
both cargo and passenger
aircraft (combi) .

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Dangerous Goods Forbidden inDangerous Goods Forbidden in
A/C under any CircumstancesA/C under any Circumstances
Any substance which, as presented
for transport, is liable to explode,
dangerously react, produce a flame or
dangerous evolution of heat or
dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive
or flammable gases or vapours under
conditions normally facing in transport
must not be carried on aircraft under
any circumstance.

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Dangerous Goods Forbidden inDangerous Goods Forbidden in
Unless ExemptedUnless Exempted
The DGR must not be carried on aircraft
unless exempted be States:
1.Radioactive Material
2.Article and substances identified in the list
of DGR as being forbidden.
3.Infected Live Animals
4.Liquid having Inhalation Toxicity of
Packing Group I.
5.Any other articles or substance specified
by national authority.

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List the three main types of dangerous
goods?
1.1.ForbiddenForbidden
2.2.To be sent as CargoTo be sent as Cargo
3.3.AcceptableAcceptable
Exercise -3

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QATAR AIRWAYS FORBIDDENQATAR AIRWAYS FORBIDDEN
UNLESS EXEMPTEDUNLESS EXEMPTED
Qatar CAA approval must be obtained forQatar CAA approval must be obtained for
all items Forbidden “unless exempted”.all items Forbidden “unless exempted”.
All other state approvals together withAll other state approvals together with
the Qatar CAA approval must bethe Qatar CAA approval must be
attached to the air waybill for suchattached to the air waybill for such
shipments. Head office approval must beshipments. Head office approval must be
obtained to forward such shipments.obtained to forward such shipments.

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Forbidden Under anyForbidden Under any
Circumstances Qatar AirwaysCircumstances Qatar Airways
All articles and substances shown inAll articles and substances shown in
IATA DGR / ICAO TI as “Forbidden”IATA DGR / ICAO TI as “Forbidden”
must not be accepted for any Qatarmust not be accepted for any Qatar
Airways Flight, under anyAirways Flight, under any
circumstances.circumstances.

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Hidden Dangerous GoodsHidden Dangerous Goods
• Operators' acceptance staff must be
adequately trained to assist them to identify
and detect dangerous goods presented as
general cargo.

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• Aircraft Spare PartsAircraft Spare Parts
• Aircraft EquipmentAircraft Equipment
• CylindersCylinders
• Diving EquipmentDiving Equipment
• Electrical EquipmentElectrical Equipment
• MercuryMercury
• Dry IceDry Ice
• PASSENGERS BAGGAGE (fireworks,PASSENGERS BAGGAGE (fireworks,
flammable gas or liquid lighter )flammable gas or liquid lighter )

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• Dangerous goods, including exceptedDangerous goods, including excepted
packages of radioactive material, mustpackages of radioactive material, must
not be carried by passengers or crew:not be carried by passengers or crew:
– as or in checked baggage;as or in checked baggage;
– as or in carry-on baggage; oras or in carry-on baggage; or
– on their person;on their person;
Dangerous Goods Carried byDangerous Goods Carried by
Passengers or CrewPassengers or Crew

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Checked BaggageChecked Baggage

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Carry-on BaggageCarry-on Baggage

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ON their PersonON their Person

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Liquid Oxygen
Devices

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Disabling DevicesDisabling Devices
(pepper spray)(pepper spray)
ForbiddenForbidden

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Declared DG as cargoDeclared DG as cargo

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• Short Circuit.Short Circuit.
• Overheat.Overheat.
Risk of BatteriesRisk of Batteries

UNDECLARED/HIDDEN DANGEROUS GOODS AUNDECLARED/HIDDEN DANGEROUS GOODS A
MAJOR RISK TO THE SAFETY OF CIVIL AVIATIONMAJOR RISK TO THE SAFETY OF CIVIL AVIATION
 Risk to the safety of passengers & crewRisk to the safety of passengers & crew
 Risk of explosionRisk of explosion
 Risk of smoke or fireRisk of smoke or fire
 Risk of incapacitation of crew – toxic inhalationRisk of incapacitation of crew – toxic inhalation
 Exposure to Ionizing RadiationExposure to Ionizing Radiation
 Exposure to contaminated substances/liquidsExposure to contaminated substances/liquids
 Risk to aircraft radiation contaminationRisk to aircraft radiation contamination
 Incompatible dangerous goods - a tickingIncompatible dangerous goods - a ticking
 Time bombTime bomb

UNDECLARED DANGEROUS GOODSUNDECLARED DANGEROUS GOODS

ORIGINAL CONSIGNMENT OF ACIDSORIGINAL CONSIGNMENT OF ACIDS

UNDECLARED SULPHURIC ANDUNDECLARED SULPHURIC AND
HYDROCHLORIC ACIDHYDROCHLORIC ACID

CORROSION CAUSED BY ACID TOCORROSION CAUSED BY ACID TO
PALLET BASEPALLET BASE

UNDECLARED FLAMMABLE PAINTUNDECLARED FLAMMABLE PAINT

UNDECLARED COMPRESSED GASUNDECLARED COMPRESSED GAS

UNDECLARED SPILLABLE BATTERYUNDECLARED SPILLABLE BATTERY

UNDECLARED FLAMMABLES / AEROSOLSUNDECLARED FLAMMABLES / AEROSOLS

How Could They Have Been PreventedHow Could They Have Been Prevented
Correct content declarationCorrect content declaration
Correct classificationCorrect classification
Adequately trained personnelAdequately trained personnel
Educated clientsEducated clients
Documented and packed as dangerousDocumented and packed as dangerous
goodsgoods
UN Specification packagingUN Specification packaging

Undeclared DG as cargoUndeclared DG as cargo
(laundry equipment)(laundry equipment)
Chemical reaction between sodiumChemical reaction between sodium
hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide solutionhydroxide and hydrogen peroxide solution

Laptop with Lithium-ion battery inLaptop with Lithium-ion battery in
carry-on baggagecarry-on baggage
Started burning in the overhead bin in the
passenger cabin. Fire extinguished on the ramp.

Passenger with hydrogen peroxide inPassenger with hydrogen peroxide in
checked baggagechecked baggage

Passenger with sulphuric acidPassenger with sulphuric acid
in carry-on baggagein carry-on baggage

Qantas Airlines B747 – 400Qantas Airlines B747 – 400
Oxygen cylinderOxygen cylinder
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Examples of Hidden D.G.Examples of Hidden D.G.
• BREATHING DEVICEBREATHING DEVICE

Examples of Hidden D.G.Examples of Hidden D.G.
• AUTOMOBILE PARTS — (car, motor,AUTOMOBILE PARTS — (car, motor,
motorcycle)motorcycle)

• CAMPING EQUIPMENTCAMPING EQUIPMENT
• CRYOGENIC (LIQUID)CRYOGENIC (LIQUID)

• DIAGNOSTICDIAGNOSTIC
SPECIMENSSPECIMENS
• DIVING EQUIPMENTDIVING EQUIPMENT

• DRILLING AND
MINING EQUIPMENT

PPortableortable EElectroniclectronic DDevicesevices (PED) IATA Ref.(PED) IATA Ref.

• EXPEDITIONARYEXPEDITIONARY
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

• FROZEN EMBRYOSFROZEN EMBRYOS
DRY ICEDRY ICE
• HOT AIR BALLOONHOT AIR BALLOON

• HOUSEHOLD GOODSHOUSEHOLD GOODS

• LABORATORY/LABORATORY/
TESTING EQUIPMENTTESTING EQUIPMENT

DGR Carried by Passengers or Crew IATA Ref.2.3.ADGR Carried by Passengers or Crew IATA Ref.2.3.A

Dangerous Goods Carried by Passengers or Crew

Refer to table 2.3.A of the IATA DGR
•Clinical thermometer (containing mercury) may be carried
on the passenger>
– True
– False
•One small packet of matches may be carried in check-in
baggage?
– True
– False
•The pilot-in-command must be informed of the location of
Dry Ice weight 2.5kg with passenger?
– True
– False
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Exercise - 4




Can a passenger carry the following items in the mannerCan a passenger carry the following items in the manner
shown? Answer Yes or No in the boxes as appropriateshown? Answer Yes or No in the boxes as appropriate
Item(s) As/in carry on
baggage
As/in check in
baggage
On one’s
person
Ammunition (cartridges
for weapons)
NO YES NO
1 Clinical Thermometer
(in its protective
casing)
YES YES YES
Pepper spray FORBIDDEN
Dry Ice 2.5 kg YES YES YES
Electro shock weapons FORBIDDEN
E-cigarettes YES NO YES
Liquid Oxygen system FORBIDDEN
Cigarette Lighter NO NO YES
Strike anywhere FORBIDDEN
M. Tayfour 80

Can a passenger carry the following items in the mannerCan a passenger carry the following items in the manner
shown? Answer Yes or No in the boxes as appropriateshown? Answer Yes or No in the boxes as appropriate
Item(s) As/in carry on
baggage
As/in check in
baggage
On one’s
person
Ammunition (cartridges
for weapons) NONO YESYES NONO
1 Clinical Thermometer
(in its protective
casing)
YESYES YESYES YESYES
Pepper spray FORBIDDENFORBIDDEN
Dry Ice 2.5 kg YESYES YESYES YESYES
Electro shock weapons FORBIDDENFORBIDDEN
E-cigarettes YESYES NONO YESYES
Liquid Oxygen system FORBIDDENFORBIDDEN
Cigarette Lighter NONO NONO YESYES
Strike anywhere FORBIDDENFORBIDDEN
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M. Tayfour 82
• The Universal Postal Union Convention
forbids the carriage of dangerous goods in
mail except as permitted in Appropriate
national authorities should ensure that the
provisions of the UPUC are complied with
in relation to the transport of dangerous
goods by air.
Transport of Dangerous Goods by PostTransport of Dangerous Goods by Post

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Dangerous Goods in Operator's PropertyDangerous Goods in Operator's Property
• Aircraft Equipment
• Consumer Goods
– (Aerosols, alcoholic beverages, perfumes, safety matches and
liquefied gas lighters)
• Carbon Dioxide, Solid (Dry Ice)
• Aircraft Spares
– (they may be carried in containers specially designed for their
transport)
– ULD (Unit Load Device)

What is COMAT?What is COMAT?
Aircraft part being sent for repair;
Aircraft part being sent to stations for
replenishment;
AOG spares;
Duty free stores;
Catering supplies;
Etc.

COMATCOMAT
Oxygen generator UN 3356 / class
5.1
Oxygen compressed UN 1072 /
class 2.2 (5.1)
Fire Extinguishers UN 1044 / class
2.2
Etc.

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ULD (Unit Load Device)

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Excepted Packaging'sExcepted Packaging's
used for very small quantities.used for very small quantities.
Limited Quantities Packaging'sLimited Quantities Packaging's
used for small quantities.used for small quantities.
UN Specification Packaging'sUN Specification Packaging's
used for normal quantities.used for normal quantities.
General Packing :General Packing :

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Dangerous goods, which may be carried as
excepted quantities in accordance with the
provisions of this Subsection are shown in
Column F of the List of Dangerous Goods
Regulations Book.
Dangerous Goods Permitted inDangerous Goods Permitted in
Excepted QuantitiesExcepted Quantities

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The quantities per package must be observed as stated on below table:

Table 2.6.ATable 2.6.A
Excepted Quantity code for Table 4.2 (DGR 2.6.4.1Excepted Quantity code for Table 4.2 (DGR 2.6.4.1))
Code Maximum net quantity
Per inner packaging
Maximum net quantity
Per outer packaging
E0 Not permitted as Excepted Quantity
E1 30 g/30 mL 1 kg/1 L
E2 30 g/30 mL 500 g/500 mL
E3 30 g/30 mL 300 g/300 mL
E4 1 g/1 mL 500 g/500 mL
E5 1 g/1 mL 300 g/300 mL

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Minimum dimensions: 100 × 100 mm
Hatching and symbol of the same color, black or red, on white or suitable
contrasting background.
* The Class or, when assigned, the Division number (s) must be shown in
this location.
** The name of the shipper or of the consignee must be shown in this
location if not shown elsewhere on the package.

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DGR 2.6 Excepted Quantities :DGR 2.6 Excepted Quantities :
•No shipper Declaration for Dangerous
Goods is not required (DGD).
•No (NOTOC).
•No use of Marking and Labelling.
•No use Acceptance Checklist.
•No use UN Specification Packing.

Excepted QuantitiesExcepted Quantities
Package Must Not ExceedPackage Must Not Exceed
1L / 1kg1L / 1kg
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M. Tayfour
• What is the maximum quantity in an outer packaging
containing UN 1088 as Excepted package?
– 500 L500 L
• What is the maximum quantity permitted in outer
packaging containing UN 1465 as Excepted
package?
– 1 kg1 kg
• Minimum how many inner packaging would you
require to carry 300mL of UN 1170 as Excepted
package?
– 10 inner package10 inner package 96
Exercise - 5

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Dangerous Goods in Limited QuantitiesDangerous Goods in Limited Quantities
• Only dangerous goods which are
permitted on passenger aircraft and
which meet the criteria of the following
classes, divisions and packing groups
(if appropriate) may be carried under
the provisions for dangerous goods in
limited quantities.

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Dangerous Goods in LimitedDangerous Goods in Limited
QuantitiesQuantities
• The net quantity per package must
not exceed the quantity specified in
column H of the list of DG against
the packing instruction number
identified in column G.
• the gross weight of “Limited
Quantity” package must not exceed
30 kg (66 lbs.)30 kg (66 lbs.)

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The quantities per package must be observed as stated on below table:

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Dangerous Goods in LimitedDangerous Goods in Limited
QuantitiesQuantities
• Single packaging's, including composite
packaging's are not permitted.
• Limited Quantity of dangerous goods
must be packaged in accordance with
the applicable Limited Quantity packing
instructions indicated in the column G of
the list of dangerous goods and which is
identified be the prefix “Y”.

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State Variations DGR 2.8.3State Variations DGR 2.8.3
• Governments of countries may file their
differences to ICAO Annex 18, which are
more restrictive then IATA DGR.
• Additional to Governments restrictions,
Airlines also can impose even more
restrictions to the carriage of Dangerous
Goods.
• Therefore, before dangerous goods are
shipped by air, the shipper and carrier are to
ensure about these restrictions (State &
Operator Variation).

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• Variations filed by states
• Where such Variation are more restrictive then
regulations, they apply to the transport of DG by
air:
• To, from, through all territory subject to the
sovereignty of the notifying state of all operators.
• State Variation are identified by a three-letter
group, the last letter of which is always “G”
(Government), followed by a two-digit group in
strict numerical sequence, starting with “01” e.g.
“AEG-01”.

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AEG (United Arab Emirates GCAA)
AEG 01 Transportation of dangerous goods to,
from or within the UAE must be subject to
compliance with the Provisions of these
Regulations and the UAE Civil Aviation
Regulations. Request for obtaining a copy of the
UAE Civil Aviation Regulations can be applied
online using the GCAA official website, i.e.
www.gcaa.ae.

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Operator Variations DGR 2.8.4Operator Variations DGR 2.8.4
• The Variation apply to the transport of DG by air:
• Operator Variation must not be less restrictive
that the regulations;
• Operator Variation are applicable to all
transportation performed by the operator
concerned.
• Operator Variation are identified by two
alphanumeric characteristics followed by a
two digit group in strict numerical sequence,
stating with “01” e.g. “EK-01”.

1. Have the following State filed
Variation?
 SAG Yes  No 
 VUG Yes  No 
 KUAIT Yes  No 
 SUDAN Yes  No 
 UAE Yes  No 
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Exercise - 6

2. Diagnostic specimens may be carried in
international mail from Sri Lanka
– TRUE  FALSE  Ref. No ………………………
3. An emergency telephone number is not required
for batter powered vehicle when shipped from
the US
– TRUE  FALSE  Ref. No ………………………
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Exercise - 6

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AAnyny QQuestionuestion ??
ThankThank

Section 2 IATA Limitations

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Section 2 IATA Limitations