Secondary Three Geography: Elements-Winds and PressureCarol LMr
The document discusses pressure and winds. It defines key terms like air pressure and its inverse relationship with altitude. It explains how differences in air pressure cause winds to flow from high to low pressure areas. Examples of winds discussed include sea and land breezes on a small scale, caused by differential heating of land and sea. Large scale monsoon winds are also summarized, with details about the seasonal southwest and northeast monsoons in India driven by pressure differences between the Asian landmass and Indian subcontinent. The Coriolis effect's role in deflecting winds is also noted.
There are several major air masses that influence weather patterns:
1) Continental Arctic (cA) air masses are very cold and dry, originating north of the Arctic Circle.
2) Continental polar (cP) air masses are cold and dry, originating in northern Canada and influencing northern US weather.
3) Maritime polar (mP) air masses are cool and moist, originating over the North Atlantic and Pacific and influencing the Pacific Northwest and Northeast.
4) Maritime tropical (mT) air masses are warm and moist, originating in the Gulf of Mexico and influencing the eastern US.
This document discusses different types of precipitation including rain, snow, hail, sleet, and freezing rain. It explains the formation processes of each type. There are five main types of precipitation:
1. Rain, which develops when cloud droplets become too heavy to remain suspended and fall to the surface. It can also form when snowflakes melt while falling through warmer air.
2. Snow, which is formed from ice crystals that develop directly from water vapor in clouds.
3. Hail, which forms when raindrops are carried by updrafts into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere where they freeze into clumps that fall to earth.
4. Sleet, which is frozen
Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place and is influenced by factors like air temperature, wind, humidity, clouds, and precipitation. The document discusses these factors and provides examples of different types of clouds, precipitation, air masses, fronts, and severe weather phenomena like thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. It also mentions tools like weather maps, isobars, and the Fujita scale that are used in weather forecasting.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.3 WEATHER PROCESS...George Dumitrache
This document defines key terms related to weather processes and phenomena. It discusses topics like adiabatic lapse rates, air masses, altitude, clouds, condensation, humidity, instability, precipitation and more. Weather results from changes in atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and moisture levels, which can cause air masses to rise or fall. Various types of precipitation form through different processes, like convectional rainfall from rising warm air or orographic rainfall on the windward sides of mountains. Fog occurs when air is cooled to its dew point through advection or radiation.
Secondary Three Geography - Impacts of climate changeCarol LMr
Climate change is causing sea levels to rise through melting glaciers and expansion of ocean water, threatening over 600 million people who live within 10 meters of sea level. Rising seas endanger coastal cities and islands. Extreme weather like heatwaves, floods and cyclones are also becoming more frequent and severe due to higher temperatures, causing economic losses and deaths. Climate change could spread infectious diseases to new areas by allowing insect populations like mosquitoes to thrive in warmer, wetter conditions, spreading malaria and dengue fever to places like Europe and North America. However, a lengthened growing season may allow some regions like the UK and Canada to cultivate new crops.
The document discusses various weather elements and climate concepts. It defines weather as the short-term atmospheric conditions of a place, while climate refers to the average weather conditions over a long period, typically 30 years. It then describes different weather elements such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind, and cloud cover. It explains how these elements are measured and influenced by various factors like latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover. The document also discusses different climate types including equatorial, monsoon, and cool temperate climates. It examines evidence that the global climate is changing due to natural and human-induced causes such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
AS Level Physical Geography - Rocks and WeatheringArm Punyathorn
The earth's surface is an ever-changing entity. With the forces of weather and climate and tectonic variability, the rocks and minerals that make up the earth are always changing in size, shape and forms - a fascinating, ancient, never-ending process.
Secondary Three Geography: Elements-Winds and PressureCarol LMr
The document discusses pressure and winds. It defines key terms like air pressure and its inverse relationship with altitude. It explains how differences in air pressure cause winds to flow from high to low pressure areas. Examples of winds discussed include sea and land breezes on a small scale, caused by differential heating of land and sea. Large scale monsoon winds are also summarized, with details about the seasonal southwest and northeast monsoons in India driven by pressure differences between the Asian landmass and Indian subcontinent. The Coriolis effect's role in deflecting winds is also noted.
There are several major air masses that influence weather patterns:
1) Continental Arctic (cA) air masses are very cold and dry, originating north of the Arctic Circle.
2) Continental polar (cP) air masses are cold and dry, originating in northern Canada and influencing northern US weather.
3) Maritime polar (mP) air masses are cool and moist, originating over the North Atlantic and Pacific and influencing the Pacific Northwest and Northeast.
4) Maritime tropical (mT) air masses are warm and moist, originating in the Gulf of Mexico and influencing the eastern US.
This document discusses different types of precipitation including rain, snow, hail, sleet, and freezing rain. It explains the formation processes of each type. There are five main types of precipitation:
1. Rain, which develops when cloud droplets become too heavy to remain suspended and fall to the surface. It can also form when snowflakes melt while falling through warmer air.
2. Snow, which is formed from ice crystals that develop directly from water vapor in clouds.
3. Hail, which forms when raindrops are carried by updrafts into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere where they freeze into clumps that fall to earth.
4. Sleet, which is frozen
Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place and is influenced by factors like air temperature, wind, humidity, clouds, and precipitation. The document discusses these factors and provides examples of different types of clouds, precipitation, air masses, fronts, and severe weather phenomena like thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. It also mentions tools like weather maps, isobars, and the Fujita scale that are used in weather forecasting.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.3 WEATHER PROCESS...George Dumitrache
This document defines key terms related to weather processes and phenomena. It discusses topics like adiabatic lapse rates, air masses, altitude, clouds, condensation, humidity, instability, precipitation and more. Weather results from changes in atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and moisture levels, which can cause air masses to rise or fall. Various types of precipitation form through different processes, like convectional rainfall from rising warm air or orographic rainfall on the windward sides of mountains. Fog occurs when air is cooled to its dew point through advection or radiation.
Secondary Three Geography - Impacts of climate changeCarol LMr
Climate change is causing sea levels to rise through melting glaciers and expansion of ocean water, threatening over 600 million people who live within 10 meters of sea level. Rising seas endanger coastal cities and islands. Extreme weather like heatwaves, floods and cyclones are also becoming more frequent and severe due to higher temperatures, causing economic losses and deaths. Climate change could spread infectious diseases to new areas by allowing insect populations like mosquitoes to thrive in warmer, wetter conditions, spreading malaria and dengue fever to places like Europe and North America. However, a lengthened growing season may allow some regions like the UK and Canada to cultivate new crops.
The document discusses various weather elements and climate concepts. It defines weather as the short-term atmospheric conditions of a place, while climate refers to the average weather conditions over a long period, typically 30 years. It then describes different weather elements such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind, and cloud cover. It explains how these elements are measured and influenced by various factors like latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover. The document also discusses different climate types including equatorial, monsoon, and cool temperate climates. It examines evidence that the global climate is changing due to natural and human-induced causes such as increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
AS Level Physical Geography - Rocks and WeatheringArm Punyathorn
The earth's surface is an ever-changing entity. With the forces of weather and climate and tectonic variability, the rocks and minerals that make up the earth are always changing in size, shape and forms - a fascinating, ancient, never-ending process.
The document provides information on weather and climate in the UK. It discusses five main reasons for fluctuating temperatures: depressions that form in the Atlantic and bring rain; latitude affecting sunlight; prevailing southwest winds; proximity to seas; and pressure systems from the west. It also covers anticyclones that form high pressure and cause dry weather. The document notes the UK climate is becoming more extreme with more floods and higher temperatures, and discusses reducing impacts through preparation, planning, and warning systems.
This presentation have all what you need to present about Monsoon winds, even it's types.
If you want to learn geophysics/geology
visit my blog
http://geophysicsdiary.blogspot.com/
This chapter discusses weather and climate. It defines weather as short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to longer-term patterns over 30-35 years. Weather is described by temperature, humidity, precipitation, pressure and winds. Temperature is influenced by factors like latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover. Humidity refers to water vapor in the air. Precipitation forms as rain or snow depending on temperature. Air pressure decreases with altitude as air molecules are farther apart. Winds blow from high to low pressure areas. Sea and land breezes are influenced by differences in how land and sea absorb heat.
Air can flow when there are differences in temperature and pressure conditions. It helps study variations in the atmosphere. Large masses of air with uniform temperature and humidity properties are called air masses. They start flowing from source regions and help study cyclones and anticyclones. The contact line between different air masses is called a front, which can be a warm front when warm air moves over cold air, or a cold front when cold air moves over warm air. Cyclones are areas of low pressure surrounded by high pressure, while anticyclones are areas of high pressure surrounded by low pressure. Tropical cyclones are circular over seas in summer, while extra-tropical or temperate cyclones are V-shaped over land
Atmospheric Disturbances, Storms and Natural Hazards.pptxRalphNavelino3
This document discusses various atmospheric disturbances and natural hazards, including storms. It describes middle latitude cyclones, also known as extra-tropical or mid-latitude cyclones, which develop at polar fronts and travel along them, causing variations in weather. Hurricanes are also discussed, which are large rotating systems that form over warm ocean waters and can be extremely destructive due to high winds, flooding, storm surges and tornadoes. Thunderstorms, which produce lightning and thunder, and tornadoes, the most powerful of weather phenomena, are additionally summarized.
The document discusses various topics related to weather and climate, including:
1. It defines weather as atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time, while climate describes average weather conditions over many years.
2. It describes several elements that determine weather such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and cloud formation.
3. It explains weather phenomena like air masses, fronts, precipitation types, tropical cyclones, monsoon winds, and instruments used to measure weather.
4. It briefly mentions climate change topics like El Niño and the greenhouse effect.
There are many factors that influence a region's climate, including latitude, altitude, proximity to water bodies, air pressure systems, solar radiation, ocean currents, and the amount of urban development. Latitude determines a location's position north or south, affecting sunlight exposure and temperature. Altitude and topography also impact temperature, with colder conditions at higher elevations. Bodies of water and differences between land and sea areas further modify local climates.
There are two main types of cyclones: tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones. Tropical cyclones form in tropical regions between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, originating from warm, moist air masses. Temperate cyclones, also known as extra-tropical cyclones, form in temperate regions between 30-60 degrees latitude due to the convergence of warm and cold air masses along fronts. Some key differences are that tropical cyclones are smaller in size but more intense, with stronger winds near the surface, while temperate cyclones are larger but less severe, with strongest winds at higher elevations.
This document discusses weather and climate elements such as temperature, relative humidity, clouds, and factors that affect them. It defines weather as short-term atmospheric conditions while climate refers to average conditions over 30 years. Temperature is influenced by latitude, altitude, cloud cover, and distance from the sea. Relative humidity depends on the amount of water vapor in the air and temperature. Clouds form through the process of evaporation and condensation as water vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere.
The document discusses different types of clouds and precipitation. It describes how clouds form as warm air rises and cools, allowing water vapor to condense around particles to form clouds. Clouds are classified by shape, height, and whether they produce precipitation. The main cloud types are stratus, cumulus, and cirrus clouds. Precipitation occurs when cloud droplets become too heavy and fall, and includes rain, snow, hail, sleet, and freezing rain.
This document summarizes key concepts about temperature and radiation budgets:
- Temperature decreases with increasing altitude according to the environmental lapse rate. Temperature also varies daily, seasonally, and with location.
- Solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface varies with factors like latitude, day length, cloud cover, altitude, aspect, and albedo of the surface.
- Heat is transferred around the globe by ocean currents and winds, which move warm water and air toward the poles and cold water and air toward the equator. Evaporation and condensation also transfer heat via the latent heat of water vapor.
- Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some outgoing long-wave radiation, contributing to the natural greenhouse effect
This document discusses different weather elements and climate concepts. It defines weather as the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time, while climate refers to average weather conditions over at least 30 years. It describes six elements of weather: temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, air pressure, clouds, and wind. Factors that influence temperature differences between locations are also discussed.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZONGeorge Dumitrache
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZON. It contains: tropical rainforests, average rainfall in Brazil, rainforest ecosystems, disadvantages of human intervention, rainforest water cycle, rainforest nutrient cycle, rainforest soils, vegetation layers, fan palms, buttress roots, lianas, strangler figs, case study, humans and the Amazon.
Fronts are boundaries between two air masses of differing characteristics. There are four main types of fronts: cold fronts, warm fronts, occluded fronts, and stationary fronts. Cold fronts are steep boundaries where cold air overrides warm air, bringing precipitation. Warm fronts are more gradual, with light, continuous precipitation as warm air rises over cold air. Occluded fronts occur when a cold front catches up to a warm front. Stationary fronts have little or no movement as the air masses are parallel.
The document discusses several key factors that influence temperature:
1) Altitude - Temperature decreases about 0.6°C for every 100 meters gained in elevation, so a place 1000m above sea level would be cooler. This is why places in the Blue Mountains are cooler.
2) Distance from the sea - Places farther inland have greater temperature extremes than coastal areas, as the sea moderates temperatures.
3) Latitude - Temperatures are generally highest near the equator where the sun's rays are most direct, and decrease further from the equator.
1. Global wind patterns are driven by uneven heating of the Earth's surface and the Coriolis effect.
2. Thermal convection cycles move warm, moist air upwards and polewards, creating deserts at 30 degrees latitude.
3. El Nino events occur when warm water spreads in the Pacific, weakening trade winds and altering weather worldwide.
The document discusses various topics related to weather and climate. It defines weather as short-term atmospheric conditions while climate refers to long-term weather patterns. It then covers factors that affect weather like temperature, precipitation, air pressure, wind and humidity. It explains how these factors are measured and discusses different cloud types, pressure systems, rainfall types, atmospheric layers and microclimates.
Ch. 2.4 weather by Ajay Sharma IB DP GEO/ESSDivya Sharma
The document describes how various weather elements are measured at a weather station. Instruments such as a Stevenson screen, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, and anemometer are used to measure temperature, rainfall, air pressure, wind direction and speed. A Six's thermometer can measure both maximum and minimum temperatures. Weather readings are taken daily at the same time to ensure accurate measurements and comparisons over time. Ten different types of clouds are also classified into high, medium and low clouds.
The document provides information on weather and climate in the UK. It discusses five main reasons for fluctuating temperatures: depressions that form in the Atlantic and bring rain; latitude affecting sunlight; prevailing southwest winds; proximity to seas; and pressure systems from the west. It also covers anticyclones that form high pressure and cause dry weather. The document notes the UK climate is becoming more extreme with more floods and higher temperatures, and discusses reducing impacts through preparation, planning, and warning systems.
This presentation have all what you need to present about Monsoon winds, even it's types.
If you want to learn geophysics/geology
visit my blog
http://geophysicsdiary.blogspot.com/
This chapter discusses weather and climate. It defines weather as short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate refers to longer-term patterns over 30-35 years. Weather is described by temperature, humidity, precipitation, pressure and winds. Temperature is influenced by factors like latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and cloud cover. Humidity refers to water vapor in the air. Precipitation forms as rain or snow depending on temperature. Air pressure decreases with altitude as air molecules are farther apart. Winds blow from high to low pressure areas. Sea and land breezes are influenced by differences in how land and sea absorb heat.
Air can flow when there are differences in temperature and pressure conditions. It helps study variations in the atmosphere. Large masses of air with uniform temperature and humidity properties are called air masses. They start flowing from source regions and help study cyclones and anticyclones. The contact line between different air masses is called a front, which can be a warm front when warm air moves over cold air, or a cold front when cold air moves over warm air. Cyclones are areas of low pressure surrounded by high pressure, while anticyclones are areas of high pressure surrounded by low pressure. Tropical cyclones are circular over seas in summer, while extra-tropical or temperate cyclones are V-shaped over land
Atmospheric Disturbances, Storms and Natural Hazards.pptxRalphNavelino3
This document discusses various atmospheric disturbances and natural hazards, including storms. It describes middle latitude cyclones, also known as extra-tropical or mid-latitude cyclones, which develop at polar fronts and travel along them, causing variations in weather. Hurricanes are also discussed, which are large rotating systems that form over warm ocean waters and can be extremely destructive due to high winds, flooding, storm surges and tornadoes. Thunderstorms, which produce lightning and thunder, and tornadoes, the most powerful of weather phenomena, are additionally summarized.
The document discusses various topics related to weather and climate, including:
1. It defines weather as atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time, while climate describes average weather conditions over many years.
2. It describes several elements that determine weather such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, and cloud formation.
3. It explains weather phenomena like air masses, fronts, precipitation types, tropical cyclones, monsoon winds, and instruments used to measure weather.
4. It briefly mentions climate change topics like El Niño and the greenhouse effect.
There are many factors that influence a region's climate, including latitude, altitude, proximity to water bodies, air pressure systems, solar radiation, ocean currents, and the amount of urban development. Latitude determines a location's position north or south, affecting sunlight exposure and temperature. Altitude and topography also impact temperature, with colder conditions at higher elevations. Bodies of water and differences between land and sea areas further modify local climates.
There are two main types of cyclones: tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones. Tropical cyclones form in tropical regions between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, originating from warm, moist air masses. Temperate cyclones, also known as extra-tropical cyclones, form in temperate regions between 30-60 degrees latitude due to the convergence of warm and cold air masses along fronts. Some key differences are that tropical cyclones are smaller in size but more intense, with stronger winds near the surface, while temperate cyclones are larger but less severe, with strongest winds at higher elevations.
This document discusses weather and climate elements such as temperature, relative humidity, clouds, and factors that affect them. It defines weather as short-term atmospheric conditions while climate refers to average conditions over 30 years. Temperature is influenced by latitude, altitude, cloud cover, and distance from the sea. Relative humidity depends on the amount of water vapor in the air and temperature. Clouds form through the process of evaporation and condensation as water vapor rises and cools in the atmosphere.
The document discusses different types of clouds and precipitation. It describes how clouds form as warm air rises and cools, allowing water vapor to condense around particles to form clouds. Clouds are classified by shape, height, and whether they produce precipitation. The main cloud types are stratus, cumulus, and cirrus clouds. Precipitation occurs when cloud droplets become too heavy and fall, and includes rain, snow, hail, sleet, and freezing rain.
This document summarizes key concepts about temperature and radiation budgets:
- Temperature decreases with increasing altitude according to the environmental lapse rate. Temperature also varies daily, seasonally, and with location.
- Solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface varies with factors like latitude, day length, cloud cover, altitude, aspect, and albedo of the surface.
- Heat is transferred around the globe by ocean currents and winds, which move warm water and air toward the poles and cold water and air toward the equator. Evaporation and condensation also transfer heat via the latent heat of water vapor.
- Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some outgoing long-wave radiation, contributing to the natural greenhouse effect
This document discusses different weather elements and climate concepts. It defines weather as the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time, while climate refers to average weather conditions over at least 30 years. It describes six elements of weather: temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, air pressure, clouds, and wind. Factors that influence temperature differences between locations are also discussed.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZONGeorge Dumitrache
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: TROPICAL RAINFORESTS. DEFORESTATION ON THE AMAZON. It contains: tropical rainforests, average rainfall in Brazil, rainforest ecosystems, disadvantages of human intervention, rainforest water cycle, rainforest nutrient cycle, rainforest soils, vegetation layers, fan palms, buttress roots, lianas, strangler figs, case study, humans and the Amazon.
Fronts are boundaries between two air masses of differing characteristics. There are four main types of fronts: cold fronts, warm fronts, occluded fronts, and stationary fronts. Cold fronts are steep boundaries where cold air overrides warm air, bringing precipitation. Warm fronts are more gradual, with light, continuous precipitation as warm air rises over cold air. Occluded fronts occur when a cold front catches up to a warm front. Stationary fronts have little or no movement as the air masses are parallel.
The document discusses several key factors that influence temperature:
1) Altitude - Temperature decreases about 0.6°C for every 100 meters gained in elevation, so a place 1000m above sea level would be cooler. This is why places in the Blue Mountains are cooler.
2) Distance from the sea - Places farther inland have greater temperature extremes than coastal areas, as the sea moderates temperatures.
3) Latitude - Temperatures are generally highest near the equator where the sun's rays are most direct, and decrease further from the equator.
1. Global wind patterns are driven by uneven heating of the Earth's surface and the Coriolis effect.
2. Thermal convection cycles move warm, moist air upwards and polewards, creating deserts at 30 degrees latitude.
3. El Nino events occur when warm water spreads in the Pacific, weakening trade winds and altering weather worldwide.
The document discusses various topics related to weather and climate. It defines weather as short-term atmospheric conditions while climate refers to long-term weather patterns. It then covers factors that affect weather like temperature, precipitation, air pressure, wind and humidity. It explains how these factors are measured and discusses different cloud types, pressure systems, rainfall types, atmospheric layers and microclimates.
Ch. 2.4 weather by Ajay Sharma IB DP GEO/ESSDivya Sharma
The document describes how various weather elements are measured at a weather station. Instruments such as a Stevenson screen, rain gauge, barometer, wind vane, and anemometer are used to measure temperature, rainfall, air pressure, wind direction and speed. A Six's thermometer can measure both maximum and minimum temperatures. Weather readings are taken daily at the same time to ensure accurate measurements and comparisons over time. Ten different types of clouds are also classified into high, medium and low clouds.
Westly Whithers, a meteorologist, introduces the tools used to study and measure weather conditions. He explains that as a meteorologist he went to school to learn how to use instruments like a thermometer, barometer, anemometer, weather vane, rain gauge to measure air temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. He quizzes the viewer on identifying the instruments and their purposes before concluding that learning about weather can be fun.
Framework
Farm operators make strategic and tactic decisions based on dynamic climate and market processes. However, they do not access and use all the information enabled by powerful information technologies.
Several key factors influence global temperature patterns:
1) Latitude - Temperature generally decreases as one moves from the equator towards the poles.
2) Land-water contrasts - Land temperatures fluctuate more than ocean temperatures, moderating coastal climates.
3) Ocean currents - Warm currents move heat towards the poles while cool currents move it towards the equator.
4) Wind patterns - Prevailing winds influence whether locations experience more continental or maritime climates.
5) Altitude - Higher elevations are generally cooler than lower elevations.
The document discusses factors that influence temperature patterns, including latitude, land-water contrasts, ocean currents, wind patterns and air masses, and altitude. Latitude is the primary control on temperature, with temperatures decreasing as one moves away from the equator toward the poles. Additional factors like proximity to water bodies, ocean circulation patterns, prevailing wind directions, and elevation also impact regional temperature regimes.
This document provides the questions and answer choices for Part IV of Lab Nine. The first section lists the first five questions, which relate to the distribution of various climate types. The second section lists the answer choices that correspond to the first five questions. The third section then lists the next six questions, and the fourth section lists the answer choices for those six questions. The document encourages the student to carefully match each question to the correct answer, using logic and process of elimination. It also notes that a fourth attempt has been added to Lab Nine.
This document provides a summary of the topics that will be covered in an upcoming Year 8 music exam. It mentions that the exam will be a listening exam testing knowledge of topics covered throughout the year as well as general music questions. Some of the topics that will be covered include the elements of music, different instrument families, basic music theory on rhythm, pitch, intervals, developing motifs, and the 12 bar blues form. Students are advised to use the provided powerpoint and other resources to revise for the exam.
Atmosphere revision booklet 2014 cg maliaMalia Damit
This document defines key terms related to atmospheric processes and the global circulation of the atmosphere. It describes condensation, sublimation, incoming and outgoing solar and terrestrial radiation, reflected solar radiation, latent and sensible heat transfer, relative humidity, and temperature inversions. It then explains the three-cell model of atmospheric circulation - the Hadley cell near the equator, Ferrel cell in the mid-latitudes, and Polar cell near the poles - driven by differential heating between the equator and poles.
B.sc agri i paam unit 5 indian rainfall and atmosphereRai University
The document summarizes key aspects of the hydrological cycle and atmospheric layers. It describes how water evaporates from oceans and transpired by plants, forms clouds that precipitate back to land and oceans. The main atmospheric layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere - are outlined based on temperature and composition. The hydrological cycle involves constant circulation of water between oceans, atmosphere and land through evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation.
This document compares two types of humidity sensors: the HIH series from Honeywell and the SHT series from Sensirion. The HIH series operates from 4-5.8V, has a response time of 15 seconds, and costs $35-40 per unit. The SHT series has a faster response time of under 4 seconds, lower power consumption of 30uW, operates from 2.8-5.5V, costs $18-24 per unit, and measures both humidity and temperature with a single digital sensor. After considering factors like cost, response time, power consumption, and output format, the document concludes the SHT series is better suited for the author's application.
Energy conversion engineering lab manual fullFarhan8885
This document contains information about experiments to determine properties of fuels and lubricants in an aircraft energy conversion laboratory. It includes the syllabus, list of experiments, and procedures for determining flash point and fire point using Abel's and Pensky Martens apparatus, calorific value using a Junker's calorimeter, and viscosity using a Redwood viscometer. The experiments provide methods for evaluating properties essential for aircraft fuel and lubricant performance and safety.
The document describes several common weather instruments: thermometers measure air temperature, sling psychrometers measure humidity, anemometers measure wind speed, barometers measure air pressure, and weather charts synthesize multiple data points. Thermometers contain a liquid that expands with heat, allowing users to read the temperature. Psychrometers measure humidity by comparing the temperature of a wet bulb to a dry bulb. Anemometers have spinning cups or vanes moved by wind. Barometers measure air pressure in millibars using a column of liquid. Weather charts depict fronts, pressure systems, and symbols to convey current and predicted conditions.
The document introduces different types of humidity sensor technologies, including thermoset and thermoplastic sensors, lithium chloride sensors, and aluminum oxide sensors. It compares various sensor materials and discusses their accuracy, temperature range, response time, and other specifications. Finally, it provides information on Honeywell's humidity sensor product portfolio and recommendations for selecting the appropriate sensor.
Meteorologists use several instruments to collect weather data including thermometers to measure air temperature, wind vanes to determine wind direction, anemometers to measure wind speed, barometers to measure air pressure and predict weather patterns, rain gauges to measure precipitation, and psychrometers to measure relative humidity.
This document discusses weather, climate, and how they are measured. It defines weather as the day-to-day conditions of a place, driven by differences in air pressure, temperature and moisture. Climate is defined as the average weather conditions over many years, usually 30, and is influenced by location. The key elements that make up weather and climate are discussed as temperature, pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation. Weather stations use instruments like hygrometers, rain gauges, barometers and maximum/minimum thermometers to measure these elements.
This document defines key weather-related terms and concepts:
- It describes weather as the condition of the atmosphere in a certain area at a given time. It also discusses meteorology, meteorologists, and the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration.
- Key weather elements that are described include air temperature, wind speed and direction, cloud formation, and rainfall. Instruments for measuring these such as thermometers, anemometers, wind vanes, rain gauges, and barometers are also outlined.
- The Beaufort scale for describing wind speed is mentioned, as are terms for describing cloud coverage such as clear, partly cloudy, and overcast.
Weather is influenced by many factors including air masses, air pressure, sunlight, greenhouse gases, moisture, mountains, oceans, wind patterns, and human activity. Climate describes weather trends over many years and is impacted by radiation, conduction, convection, altitude, latitude, proximity to oceans, and landmass distribution. Fronts form where different air masses meet and influence local weather conditions.
Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor in the air. It is measured by relative humidity and dew point temperature. Condensation occurs when warm, moist air rises and cools, causing water vapor to condense into liquid water droplets. The main types of precipitation are rain, snow, sleet, hail, and drizzle, which occur via different meteorological processes like convection, orographic lifting, and frontal lifting. Thunderstorms occur when upward motion within clouds causes water droplets to collide and become electrified.
This document discusses various concepts related to atmospheric humidity and cloud formation. It defines specific humidity, relative humidity, dew point, and how temperature affects the air's capacity to hold moisture. It explains the different types of atmospheric stability and instability, including stable, conditionally unstable, and absolutely unstable air. The document also covers cloud development processes like convection, collision and coalescence, ice crystal growth, and precipitation formation. Finally, it describes the characteristics and formation of different cloud types like cirrus, cumulus, stratus and nimbostratus clouds.
This document discusses key concepts about the atmosphere including:
- Climate refers to average weather conditions over long periods, while weather describes current atmospheric conditions.
- Key weather elements are air temperature, pressure, humidity, clouds, precipitation, visibility, and wind.
- Meteorology is the scientific study of atmospheric elements and phenomena.
- Atmospheric pressure, density, and temperature vary with altitude and play important roles.
- Clouds are classified based on their altitude and shape into high, middle, and low clouds.
This document discusses various weather and climate concepts including:
- The difference between weather (short term changes) and climate (long term changes)
- Key weather variables like temperature, air pressure, precipitation, clouds, and how they are measured
- The water cycle and key terms like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and dew point
- How cloud base height is determined using a sling psychrometer and dew point charts
- Different air masses and their source regions
- Types of precipitation and the factors that determine whether it will be rain, snow, sleet, hail
- Extreme weather events like hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards caused by lake effect and nor'east
The document provides information about weather maps and weather concepts. It discusses key elements of weather maps including isobars, pressure cells, wind direction and speed. It explains that high pressure cells bring clear skies while low pressure cells bring cloud and rain. It also summarizes different types of rainfall including convectional, orographic and frontal rainfall. Seasons are determined by the positioning of pressure systems with lows over northern Australia in summer and highs in winter.
The document discusses various weather and climate concepts including:
- Weather involves short term atmospheric changes while climate refers to long term patterns over decades or centuries.
- Key weather elements include temperature, air pressure, precipitation, clouds, and water cycle processes like evaporation and condensation.
- Weather phenomena like clouds, fog, and precipitation form when air reaches the dew point temperature at which water vapor condenses.
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Part 1 of 3, most pilots loose the basics when they start flying due to numerous reasons. Whatever your reason, don't let not coming to this seminar be one of them. This three part series will fill in the memory gaps and show you how easy it can be to understand weather systems.
This document provides an overview of Earth's climate system and its components. It discusses the five major parts that make up the climate system: atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It then examines several key aspects of the climate system in more detail, including the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, and how they interact and influence climate and weather patterns globally. Specific topics covered include atmospheric composition, ocean circulation, atmospheric lapse rates, and the importance of understanding stability in the atmosphere.
sWhat factors affect different types of weather (the whole lesson)nermine_ghis
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water evaporates from the sea and forms clouds, condenses into rain or snow, and falls back to Earth's surface, where it collects in lakes, rivers and seas and evaporates again. This cycle repeats continuously powered by energy from the sun. The document also discusses humidity, types of clouds and precipitation, and weather phenomena like thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes.
The document discusses water in the atmosphere and its role in weather and climate. It covers key topics such as absolute and relative humidity, evaporation and condensation, dew, frost, fog, mist, cloud types including cirrus, cumulus, stratus and nimbus clouds, precipitation including rainfall, snowfall, hail, and sleet. It also discusses different types of rainfall including convectional, orographic, and frontal rainfall, as well as the global distribution of rainfall.
AS Geography - factors affecting temperature and Humiditynazeema khan
This document discusses factors that influence global temperature differences, including:
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Hydrology is the science of water on Earth. It studies the occurrence, circulation, and distribution of water, including precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, groundwater, runoff, and flooding. There are two main types - scientific hydrology which studies physical processes, and engineering hydrology which applies scientific principles to water resources. The hydrologic cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth, including storage and transport through different physical states driven by energy from the sun.
What factors affect different types of weather (the whole lesson)nermine_ghis
The document describes the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It explains that the sun heats water in the oceans causing evaporation into water vapor which forms clouds. As air rises, it cools and condenses into rain, snow, or other precipitation which falls back to Earth's surface and collects in lakes, rivers, and oceans - completing the cycle. The document also covers related topics like humidity, cloud types, precipitation types, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes.
What factors affect different types of weather (the whole lesson)bassantnour
The document describes the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection of water. Water evaporates from bodies of water and condenses into clouds. It then falls back to Earth's surface as precipitation such as rain, snow, or hail. This precipitation collects in bodies of water, completing the cycle.
This document discusses global and local wind patterns and their relationship to differences in air temperature and pressure. It explains that differential heating of land and water leads to convection cells and sea breezes. Upward moving warm air creates low pressure zones, while downward cold air creates high pressure zones. This drives global wind belts like the trade winds and jet streams. Evaporation and condensation are also summarized, along with how they relate to humidity, dew point, and cloud and fog formation.
This document summarizes key concepts about atmospheric pressure and weather patterns. It explains that high and low pressure centers drive wind patterns due to differences in air pressure. Air rises at low pressure centers and sinks at high pressure centers. The document also outlines different types of fronts where different air masses meet, including cold, warm, occluded, and stationary fronts. It describes cloud formation and types of clouds like cumulus, stratus, and cirrus clouds. Finally, it discusses severe weather events like thunderstorms and tornadoes that form from conditions including humidity, heat, unstable air masses, and lifting mechanisms like fronts.
Water vapor is the most important gas in the atmosphere and is the source of all condensation and precipitation. The water cycle begins with evaporation and includes condensation, precipitation, and water running off or sinking into the ground. Clouds are classified based on height and form, with cirrus, cumulus and stratus being the main types. For precipitation to form, cloud droplets must grow substantially through processes like the Bergeron process in cold clouds and collision-coalescence in warm clouds.
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This document summarizes key concepts in agricultural meteorology, including:
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This document provides an overview of weather and weather patterns. It defines weather as the conditions of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, describing factors such as temperature, wind, humidity and precipitation. It describes how the sun provides energy and uneven heating leads to changes in air pressure and wind. It explains cloud formation and types of precipitation. The document also discusses air masses and how high and low pressure systems influence weather patterns through cyclonic and anticyclonic wind flow.
Similar to Secondary Three Geography: Elements-relative humidity and rain (20)
Gateway 2 trends and challenges in the production of food cropsCarol LMr
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. Today’s objectives
• We will be able to explain the concepts
of relative humidity (rH) and how it
results in the formation of rain
• We will be able to explain and draw the
formation of relief and convectional
rain
6. Relative Humidity
The proportion of water vapour
present in the air, in relation to the
maximum amount the air can hold
at a particular temperature
Expressed as a percentage
Saturation occurs when the air
carries the maximum amount of
water vapour it can hold at that
temperature
(i.e. relative humidity at 100%)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CL5cgXwKUXc
7. Relative Humidity
High relative humidity indicates rain is
likely to occur.
Thus, temperature and relative humidity
is closely related to precipitation.
Desert regions have low rainfall
and no water bodies low
relative humidity.
High rainfall and many water bodies
high relative humidity and the growth of
thick vegetation.
The temperature at whichThe temperature at which
saturation occurs issaturation occurs is
known as the dew pointknown as the dew point
temperaturetemperature
8. Condensation
• Condensation starts to occur at dew point
temperature.
• It is a process in which water vapour
changes to liquid form by cooling.
9. No two clouds are exactly alike, and they are always changing their shape. The
reason we have different types of clouds is that clouds formation takes place at
different heights and temperatures.
10. Precipitation
Water falling from the atmosphere onto the Earth’s
surface, i.e. rain, snow, frost or hail
Form of precipitation depends on the temperature
of the place where it falls
Precipitation in the form of hail.Precipitation in the form of rain.
12. Relief Rain
Windward Side Leeward Side
• One side of the mountain (windward side) experience rain
• The other side (leeward side) experiences no rain
13. Relief Rain
• Relief rain occurs when moist air is forced
to rise over physical barriers such as a
mountain range.
• As the air rises over the windward side of
the mountain range, altitude increases and
temperature falls.
• Condensation occurs as the moist air
reaches past saturation point, hence
resulting in heavy rainfall along the
windward mountain ranges.
14. Relief Rain
• Over at the leeward side, the clouds
passing through have shed most of their
moisture.
• Hence, the leeward side receives little to
no rainfall.
16. Difference between convectional
and relief rain
Convectional Rain Relief Rain
-Needs heat
-Air parcel rise due to instability
-Needs high relief (mountains)
-Air parcel rise due to prevailing wind
pushing it up the mountain
17. Activity
• Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the
formation of
– Convection Rain
– Relief Rain (DONE ALREADY)
• To be done on foolscap paper.
18. Convectional Rain
1. Occurs when the Earth’s surface is intensely heated
by the sun.
2. The air becomes unstable causing it to expand and
rise rapidly.
3. As it rises, it loses heat and cools. When it reaches
dew point temperature*, condensation occurs.
4. Cumulonimbus clouds are formed.
5. When the water droplets become too large and heavy,
they fall to the ground.
* The temperature when saturation point is reached.