The document discusses Singapore's history from before 1819 up until independence in 1965. It describes how Sir Stamford Raffles established Singapore as a British trading post in 1819. It then discusses the roles of different immigrant communities and Britain's colonial government. Major world events like the Industrial Revolution, opening of the Suez Canal, World Wars, and Great Depression impacted Singapore economically and socially. Both developments and conflicts abroad positively influenced Singapore's growth as a global trading hub but also brought challenges.

1. Chapter 1 – Singapore has a history before ‘1819’ Chapter 2 – The start of Singapore as a British trading settlement Chapter 3 – Different roles that different immigrant communities had in Singapore Chapter 4 – British government in Singapore

2. Before 1819: Singapore was a busy port for trade. 1819: Sir Stamford Raffles sets up trading post 1826 - Singapore, Malacca and Penang become British colony of the Straits Settlements. 1750 -1850 Industrial - Revolution 1867 - Straits Settlements become crown colony of British Empire. 1869 - Suez Canal opens, trade booms. 1914-1918 World War I 1929 Wall Street Crashes (start of the Great Depression)

3. 1941 - World War II. Japan bombs Singapore. 1942 - Singapore falls to Japan, which renames it Syonan (Light of the South). 1945 - Japan defeated. Singapore under British military administration. 1946 - Singapore becomes separate crown colony. 1947 – Year of Strikes 1948 – Elections 1950 – Maria Hertogh Riots 1954 – Anti-National Service Riots 1955 – Elections (Rendel Constitution) - Hock Lee Bus Riots 1956 – Students’ Riot

4. 1959 - Self-government attained with Lee Kuan Yew as prime minister. 1963 - Singapore joins the Federation of Malaya, Sabah (North Borneo), and Sarawak in the Federation of Malaysia. 1964 – Racial Riots 1965 - Singapore separated from Malaysia and became independent!

5. Iphone launch World Cup Thailand civil war Obama becoming President of USA Justin Bieber

7. Industrial Revolution Opening of Suez Canal World War I Great Depression What are these events all about? How did these events affect Singapore?

8. Politically: Under British rule ( aCrown colony) Economically Free port (for maritime trade) Trade as main economic activity Socially Different groups of immigrants Immigrants were discriminated by the British

9. It is a series of events which, taken together, made changes to the way people lived and worked

10. Events: Invention of new machines and the discovery of new sources of power (steam-engine) to drive these machines These events led to the Industrial Revolution

11. Impact of Industrial Revolution in Europe Increase in productivity but… need more raw materials to manufacture the goods Need new markets outside their own countries to sell their goods Asia as a possible solution to these two problems

12. Increase in travelling (to look for raw materials and new markets)

14. What does this mean for Singapore?

15. Shipping route to the East before 1869 Length of journey from London to Singapore: 120 days

16. Ferdinand de Lesseps, French engineer Shipping route with the Suez Canal Length of journey from London to Singapore: 50 days

18. Growth in trade Singapore became a port for the collection of goods from the East and the distribution of manufactured goods from the West Goods became cheaper as the cost of shipping goods was reduced (shorter distance and time taken to ship goods from place to place)

19. Improvements in communications Communications improved as shorter time was taken to deliver letters and documents

20. Improvements in port facilities: the New Harbour in 1852 Overcrowding due to the amount of trading in Singapore The New Harbour was built in 1852 to help improve services at the port New wharves, docks, storehouses and machine shops were built. Modern machinery were used and a railway system was set up to link the port to other parts of Malaya.

21. S.T.E.A.M. (Industrial Revolution) S hips (increase) T rade (increase) E uropeans (came to…) A sia (looking for…) M arket and Materials, Mail (increase)

22. F.A.S.T, O.K! (Suez Canal) F erdinand de Lesseps A ll year shipping S hortened time and distance T rade increased For Singapore O vercrowded, (so, they set up…) K eppel Habour

23. 3 impacts on Singapore? 2 developments? 1 opinion: Did the 2 external events have a positive or negative impact on Singapore?

24. Military conflict among the European countries, which eventually involved the rest of the world (e.g. Africa and India) Central powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (before), Ottoman Empire Allied powers: Britain, France, Russia, and later, Italy

26. Rush for food People were afraid that there would be a lack of food, and rushed to stock up Prices of food increased. Government had to step in to control the import and export of food to other parts of Asia

27. Danger to Singapore’s trade German warship, Emden was stationed in the East and attacked British trading ships in the Indian Ocean. This affected Singapore’s shipping and trade, until Emden was destroyed.

29. Sepoy Mutiny of 1915 Sepoys (Indian Troops from the British army) rebelled against the British. They did not want to continue fighting for the British. Rebels killed Europeans British government realized that it could not afford to be careless about Singapore’s defence – threats to Singapore’s peace could come from both inside and outside the country

30. A 2 = Austria-Hungary + Germany + Italy + Ottoman empire = Allies = Britain, France, Russia Impact on Singapore R ush for food (hungry!) T rade endangered (German warship ‘Emden’) M utiny of Indian troops (rebellion)

31. Great Depression ‘ Depression’  a time when there is a great decrease in business activities with widespread unemployment (economic downturn) ‘ Great’  the huge impact the depression had on many countries around the world Great Depression

32. 24 th Oct 1929 Wall Street Crash – America’s stock market crashed Banks were bankrupted. Many lost their life savings As the number of poor people increased, demand for goods fell – people could not afford to pay. Business became poor and people were retrenched  more became financially poor. This affected not only America, but also spread to the rest of the world, including Singapore.

34. Decrease in trade and businesses Companies that depended on overseas trading suffered losses and had to retrench workers. Businessmen became bankrupted

35. Increase in unemployment and hardship Unemployed workers had to depend on their friends or relatives. Many returned to their homeland because they could not find jobs to support themselves Situation in Singapore was so bad, that the British government had to step in to improve the economic situation: restriction and reduction of the number of immigrants coming into Singapore

36. B U nemployment for millions S uffering and hardship T rade fell sharply Singapore U nemployment and hardship G overnment restricted immigration and sent unemployed immgrants H ome anks and usinesses go ankrupt