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Uploaded byCaroline Chua
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How Did External Events B4 Wwii Affect Singapore

Before WWII, external events impacted Singapore's economy and development. The Industrial Revolution improved communication and increased European visits to Singapore. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 reduced shipping times and costs, expanding Singapore's trade. During WWI, food prices increased and the presence of warships disrupted trade. The Sepoy Mutiny and Great Depression both caused unemployment and economic difficulties in Singapore.

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How did External Events before WW II Affect Singapore?
Singapore before WW II • dependent on trade • no natural resources
Industrial Revolution (1750 - 1850) • invention of new machines • invention of new sources of power
Industrial Revolution and Singapore • Improved communication • More Europeans visited Singapore • to obtain raw materials • to find market to sell goods
Why an alternative trade route? • to cut short traveling time • to avoid the dangerous Cape of Good Hope route • 1869, opening of the Suez Canal (French Engineer - Ferdinand de Lesseps)
Suez Canal and Singapore? • mail and cargo arrived in a shorter time from Europe • Cost of shipping goods reduced • expansion of Singapore’s trade (increased speed and volume of ships) • Singapore’s Old Harbour became overcrowded
Suez Canal and Singapore • 1852, New Harbour was built (Pulau Brani and Pulau Blakang Mati) • Keppel Harbour, 1900 • deep waters • sheltered from strong winds and waves
Singapore Harbour • 1912, made improvements to port • new wharves, docks, storehouses, machine shops • machineries - forklifts, cranes, tractors • railway system to link port to other parts of Malaya
World War I and Singapore • Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria- Hungary = Central Powers • Britain, France, Russia, Italy = Allied Powers • WWI sparked by the murder of the Archduke of Austria-Hungray, Franz Ferdinand
WWI and its effects • more than 10 million people died • more than 30 countries • frantic rush and stock up for food • increase in food prices • government forbade export of large amount of foodstuff
WWI and its effects • presence of Emden in the East affected trade • Emden attacks British ships • Destroyed off Cocos Islands by the Sydney, Australian warship in Nov 1914 • Sepoy regiment in Singapore deployed to HK
Sepoy Mutiny - a rude awakening • sepoys rose against the British • killed many Europeans • Mutiny was put down after 10 days • Local Indians did not take part • Sikh police remained loyal to the government
The Great Depression • caused widespread unemployment • share prices fell because people were selling off their shares - Wall Street Crash • Banks had no money to loan and pay out • poor people = poor demands = unemployment
The Great Depression • Singapore • many bankrupts • unemployment rose • pay cuts • many immigrants returned home • imposed quotas on immigrants