This document provides information on common bone, joint, and muscle injuries. It describes fractures, dislocations, muscle strains, and torn ligaments. It details the assessment and treatment of various injuries like fractures of the ribs, pelvis, spine, and limbs. Assessment involves noting pain, deformities, and loss of function. Treatment principles include immobilization, splinting injured areas, and seeking emergency medical help.
what is a sprain and what is the strain, define sprain and grading of sprain, strain and grading of strain, symptoms, causes, treatment, RICE protocol, exercise, prevention, healing of sprain and strain
what is a sprain and what is the strain, define sprain and grading of sprain, strain and grading of strain, symptoms, causes, treatment, RICE protocol, exercise, prevention, healing of sprain and strain
Bandaging and Splinting & Slings; Techniques and Types (Health Subject)Jewel Jem
A short report about bandaging, types of bandages, bandaging techniques and even Splinting & Slings, types of splinting & slings, splinting & Splints techniques
Bandaging and Splinting & Slings; Techniques and Types (Health Subject)Jewel Jem
A short report about bandaging, types of bandages, bandaging techniques and even Splinting & Slings, types of splinting & slings, splinting & Splints techniques
Fractures in Children: Is conservative treatment still alive?ROBERT ELBAUM
Pediatric traumatology represent the first cause of death in chidren.
It is also the first cause of inability
And also the first reason of hospital stay
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsupportsystem_nursing/
Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
,#firstaid,#firstaidinfracture,#greenstickfracture,#spiralfracture,#comminutedfracture, #compoundfracture,#depressedfracture,#anm,#gnm,#bscnursing, #homehealthcare,#nationalhealthprograms
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. INTRODUCTION
Skeleton is a framework of bones.
Functions
Supports the tissues of the body.
Protects the vital organs.
Acts as levers that change magnitude and
direction of forces generated by muscles.
3. TYPES OF INJURY
Fracture
Dislocation
Muscle strain
Torn ligaments
4. FRACTURES
A break, split or crack in a bone
2 main categories of fractures
Open fracture
Closed fracture
Causes
Direct force
Indirect force
7. ASSESSMENT OF BONE, JOINT &
MUSCLE INJURIES
Note as many features as possible without
moving the injured part unnecessarily.
Try to visualise how the injury was caused.
Compare the shape, position and appearance
of the injured part with the uninjured side.
If in doubt about the severity of an injury, treat
it as a fracture.
8. ASSESSMENT OF BONE, JOINT &
MUSCLE INJURIES
Recognition of Fracture
Pain at or near the site of injury
Tenderness at or near site of fracture
Swelling & redness at or near site of injury
Loss of function
Deformity
Casualty feels or hear the break occur
Coarse grating sound is heard or felt
DO NOT try to produce this deliberately!
9. ASSESSMENT OF BONE, JOINT &
MUSCLE INJURIES
Recognition of Dislocation
Pain at or near the site of injury
Difficult or impossible normal movement
Loss of power
Swelling
Deformity or abnormal mobility
Tenderness
Discolouration and bruising
10. CLOSED FRACTURES &
DISLOCATIONS
Recognition
Pain, increased by movement
Shortening or unnatural shape to the limb
Tenderness, swelling & bruising at the site
There would have been a violent blow
or fall and there might have been a
snapping sound on impact.
11. CLOSED FRACTURES &
DISLOCATIONS
Treatment
Carefully stabilise and support the injured part with your
hands, holding above and below the injury.
If necessary, gently straighten a bent limb so you can
immobilise it. Always pull straight and steadily in the natural
line of the bone. Stop if pain is too great.
Use towels and bandages to immobilise the injured limb.
Immobilise lower limb fractures against the sound leg, with
padding between them.
12. CLOSED FRACTURES &
DISLOCATIONS
Treatment
Immobilise upper limb fractures against the trunk in a sling.
Call for an ambulance and treat for shock. Raise the injured
limb if possible, without causing pain or further injury.
Every 10 minutes, check circulation beyond the bandages
and loosen them if necessary.
DO NOT move casualty until the injury is supported and
immobilised (unless it is dangerous to stay at the scene)
DO NOT let casualty eat or drink anything.
13. OPEN FRACTURES
Recognition
Pain, increased by movement
Shortening or unnatural shape to the limb
Wound, with broken end of bone visible
There would have been a violent blow
or fall and there might have been a
snapping sound on impact.
14. OPEN FRACTURES
Treatment
Working from the uninjured side, cover the wound with a
sterile dressing.
Apply pressure around the bone to control bleeding.
Place cotton wool or padding over and around the dressing.
If bone protrudes from the wound, treat as an embedded
object.
Build up non-fluffy padding around the bone untill it is higher
than the bone.
15. OPEN FRACTURES
Treatment
Bandage dressing and padding securely to control bleeding
but without restricting circulation.
Immobilise the injured part, as for a closed fracture.
Call for an ambulance and treat for shock.
Every 10 minutes, check circulation beyond the bandages
and loosen them if necessary.
DO NOT move the casualty until the injury is supported and
immobilised (unless it is dangerous to stay at the scene).
16. OPEN FRACTURES
Treatment
DO NOT move the casualty until the injury is
supported and immobilised (unless it is
dangerous to stay at the scene).
DO NOT let the casualty eat or drink anything.
DO NOT press directly on a protruding bone end.
17. INJURIES TO THE FACE AND JAW
Recognition
Distortion of the eye sockets, nose, upper teeth
and palate.
Swelling and bruising.
Bleeding may occur from the nose or mouth or
tissue.
Also signs of head and neck injury.
18. INJURIES TO THE FACE AND JAW
Treatment
Open & clear casualty’s airway.
Place the casualty in recovery position.
Remains in the recovery position, if you have to carry the
casualty on stretcher.
If jawbone is injured, place soft padding under the head to
keep weight off the jaw.
DO NOT apply a jaw bandage.
19. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
FRACTURED COLLAR BONE
Recognition
Pain & tenderness at the
site of the injury.
Pain, increased by
movement.
Casualty may support
the arm at the elbow and
incline the head to the
injured side.
20. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
FRACTURED COLLAR BONE
Treatment
Place the injured arm across the chest and ask
the casualty to support at the elbow.
Apply an elevation sling.
Place soft padding between the injured arm and
the body.
Support with a broad bandage.
21. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
DISLOCATED SHOULDER
Recognition
Pain, increased by
movement.
Reluctance to move.
Casualty often supports
the arm and inclines the
head to the injured side.
A flat, angular look to the
shoulder.
22. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
DISLOCATED SHOULDER
Treatment
Place the injured arm across the chest gently at
an angle that causes the least pain.
Support the injured arm with an arm sling.
Send casualty to the hospital, keeping the
casualty in a seated position.
DO NOT replace the bone in position.
23. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
FRACTURED UPPER ARM
Recognition
Pain, increased by
movement.
Tenderness over the
fracture site.
Rapid swelling.
Bruising.
24. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
FRACTURED UPPER ARM
Treatment
Ask the casualty to sit down.
Gently place the injured arm across casualty’s
chest in the position that is most comfortable.
Ask the casualty to support the injured arm, if
possible.
Place the affected arm in an arm sling.
25. INJURIES TO THE UPPER LIMB
FRACTURED UPPER ARM
Treatment
Place soft padding between the arm and the
chest.
Secure the limb to the chest by tying a broad
bandage around the chest and over the sling.
Send the casualty to hospital, keeping the
casualty in a seated position.
26. INJURIES AROUND THE ELBOW
Recognition
Pain, increased by movement.
Tenderness over the fracture site.
Possible swelling and bruising.
Fixed elbow if the head of the radius is fractured.
27. INJURIES AROUND THE ELBOW
Treatment for an elbow that can bend
Treat as for a fracture of the upper arm.
Check the affected wrist pulse every 10 minutes.
Treatment for an elbow that cannot bend
Lay casualty down.
Place padding, such as cushions or towels around
the elbow for comfort and support.
28. INJURIES TO THE FOREARM &
WRIST
Recognition
Pain, increased by
movement.
Tenderness over the
fracture site.
Possible swelling &
bruising.
29. INJURIES TO THE FOREARM &
WRIST
Treatment
Ask the casualty to sit down.
Gently stabilise and support the injured forearm
across casualty’s chest.
If necessary, carefully expose and treat any
wound.
Place a triangular bandage between the chest
and the injured arm, as for an arm sling.
Gently surround the forearm in soft padding.
30. INJURIES TO THE FOREARM &
WRIST
Treatment
Tie the arm and its padding in an arm sling to
support it.
If necessary, secure the limb to the chest using a broad
bandage. Tie it over the sling, positioning it close to the
elbow.
Send the casualty to hospital and keeping casualty in a
seated position.
Can also use splint to support the injured forearm.
31. INJURIES TO THE HAND &
FINGERS
Treatment
Remove any rings before the hand begins to
swell.
Keep the hand raised to reduce swelling.
Protect the injured hand by wrapping it in folds of
soft padding.
Gently support the affected arm in an elevation
sling.
32. INJURIES TO THE HAND &
FINGERS
Treatment
If necessary, secure the arm to the chest by tying
a broad bandage around the chest and over the
sling.
Send casualty to hospital, keeping casualty in a
seated position.
Use the sound finger as a splint.
33. FRACTURES OF THE RIBCAGE
Recognition
Sharp pain at the site of fracture.
Pain on taking a deep breath.
Shallow breathing.
Paradoxical breathing
Chest moves in during inhalation, out during exhalation
An open wound over the fracture through which you might
hear air being “sucked” into the chest cavity.
Features of internal bleeding and shock.
34. FRACTURES OF THE RIBCAGE
Treatment for a fractured rib
Support the limb on the injured side in an arm
sling.
Send casualty to hospital.
35. FRACTURES OF THE RIBCAGE
Treatment for open/multiple fractures
Immediately cover and seal any wounds to the
chest wall.
Place casualty in the most comfortable position.
Half-sitting, head, shoulders and body turned towards
the injured side.
Support the limb on the injured side in an
elevation sling.
36. FRACTURES OF THE RIBCAGE
Treatment for open/multiple fractures
Call for an ambulance.
If casualty becomes unconscious, place casualty
in recovery position, uninjured side uppermost.
37. SPINAL INJURY
Causes
Falling from a height.
Falling awkwardly while doing gymnastics.
Diving into a shallow pool and hitting the bottom.
Being thrown from a horse or from a motorbike.
Being in a collapsed rugby scrum.
A heavy object falling across the back.
Injury to the head or face.
38. SPINAL INJURY
Recognition
When only the bones of the spinal column are
damaged, there may be:
Pain in the neck or the back at the level of injury
A step, irregularity, or twist in the normal curve of
the spine.
Tenderness on gently feeling the spine.
39. SPINAL INJURY
Recognition
When the spinal cord is also damaged, there may
be:
Loss of control over limbs; movement may be weak or
absent.
Loss of normal sensation.
Abnormal sensations such as burning or tingling.
Breathing difficulties.
40. SPINAL INJURY
CHECKING FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY
Examine the casualty carefully in the position
found
Ask helper to maintain support at casualty’s head.
Ask casualty to move limbs to test for loss of power.
Touch casualty without casualty knowing to test for loss of
sensation.
41. SPINAL INJURY
Treatment for a conscious casualty
DO NOT move the casualty from the position found,
unless he or she is in danger or becomes
unconscious.
Reassure the casualty and tell casualty not to move.
Stabilise and support casualty’s head in neutral
position by placing your hands over casualty’s ears.
Maintain this support throughout.
42. SPINAL INJURY
Treatment for a conscious casualty
If you suspect neck injury, get a helper to place
rolled-up blankets or articles of clothing on both
sides of the casualty’s neck and shoulders.
Call for an ambulance.
You may apply a collar if the neck is injured.
43. SPINAL INJURY
Treatment for an unconscious casualty
Check ABC & perform CPR if necessary.
Maintain airway.
Call for an ambulance.
Keep casualty’s head, trunk and toes in a straight line at all
times.
Check for pulse and breathing regularly.
44. FRACTURED PELVIS
Recognition
Inability to walk or even stand.
Pain & tenderness in the region of the hip, groin or back.
Increased when the casualty moves.
Blood at the urinary orifice especially in a male casualty.
The casualty may not be able to pass urine or may find this
painful.
Signs of shock & internal bleeding.
45. FRACTURED PELVIS
Treatment
Help casualty to lie on his or her back.
Straighten casualty’s leg or if it is more comfortable, help
casualty to bend his or her knees slightly and support them.
Immobilise his legs by bandaging them together, placing
padding between the bony points.
Call for an ambulance.
DO NOT bandage the legs together if this causes
intolerable pain.
46. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
HIP & THIGH FRACTURE
Recognition
Pain at the site of the injury.
Inability to walk.
Signs of shock.
Shortening of the thigh.
A turning outwards of the knee and foot.
47. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
HIP & THIGH FRACTURE
Treatment
Lay the casualty down gently.
Ask helper to stabilise and support the injured limb.
Gently straighten the lower leg and apply traction at the
angle, if appropriate.
Call for an ambulance.
Treat shock but do not raise casualty’s legs.
48. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
HIP & THIGH FRACTURE
Treatment
If ambulance is delayed, immobilise the limb by securing or
splinting it to the uninjured limb.
Gently bring the casualty’s sound limb alongside the injured
one.
Maintaining traction throughout at the ankle.
Insert padding between the thighs, knees and ankles.
Tie the bandages around casualty’s ankles and knees &
above and below the fracture.
Release traction only when all bandaging knots are tied.
49. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
HIP & THIGH FRACTURE
Treatment for transporting a casualty
over distance
Place a leg splint, from the armpit to the foot,
against side.
Pad between the legs and between the splint and
body.
Secure the splint and the body with bandages.
50. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
KNEE JOINT
Recognition
A recent twist or blow to the knee.
Pain, spreading from the injury to become deep-seated in
the joint.
If the bent knee has “locked”, acute pain on attempting to
straighten the leg.
Rapid swelling at the knee joint.
51. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
KNEE JOINT
Treatment
Help casualty to lie down.
Place soft padding under the injured knee to
support it in the most comfortable position.
Hold padding in place with bandage.
Send casualty to hospital.
52. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
KNEE JOINT
Treatment
DO NOT attempt to straighten the knee forcibly.
DO NOT give anything by mouth.
DO NOT allow the casualty to walk.
53. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
LOWER LEG
Recognition
Localised pain.
A recent blow or wrench of the foot.
Inability to walk.
Open wound may occur.
54. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
LOWER LEG
Treatment
Stabilise and support the injured leg.
Gently expose and treat any wound if necessary.
Straighten the leg using traction.
Support the leg with your hands until the
ambulance arrives.
55. INJURIES TO THE LOWER LIMB
LOWER LEG
Treatment
If ambulance is delayed:
Bring the sound limb to the injured leg.
Insert padding between the knees and ankles and
between the calves.
Tie the bandages firmly around ankles and knees,
then above and below the fracture.