BFA PPT Slide-03

3. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Made up of the heart and a network of blood vessels.
Work constantly to keep all parts of the body supplied
with blood which contains oxygen & nutrients.
System can fail for 3 main reasons
Severe bleeding & fluid loss
Age
Disease

4. COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
Volume of blood
5 – 6 litres (M)
4 – 5 litres (F)

5. SHOCK
Insufficient blood supply to the body’s vital organs
Causes
Heart fails to work
Blood vessels dilates, reducing blood pressure
Blood loss or loss of other body fluids

6. SHOCK
Recognition
A rapid pulse
Pale, grey-blue skin
Sweating & cold and
clammy skin
Weakness & giddiness
Nausea, possibly vomiting
Thirst
Rapid, shallow
breathing
Restlessness,
anxious & even
aggressive
May yawn or gasp
for air
Unconsciousness

7. SHOCK
Body’s reaction to blood loss
Approx.
Volume
Effect on the body
0.5 litre Little or no effect.
2 litres Quick pulse, sweating.
Evident of shock.
3 litres Pulse at wrist might be undetectable. Casualty
usually lost consciousness, breathing and heart
may fail.

8. TREATMENT FOR SHOCK
Lay casualty down on blanket and keep his head low.
Reassure the casualty.
Raise and support his legs. (Take note of any fractures)
Loosen tight clothing.

9. TREATMENT FOR SHOCK
Protect casualty from cold (DO NOT warm casualty
with
hot water bottle or any direct source of heat).
Check breathing, pulse and level of response at regular
intervals.

10. FAINTING
Temporary loss of normal blood supply to the brain
Causes
Standing still for a long time.
Sudden change of position
Injury (often minor)
An unpleasant sight

11. FAINTING
Recognition
Giddiness
Blurred vision
Weakness
“Hot and Cold” feeling
Yawning
Slow, weak pulse
Pale, cold,
clammy skin
Sweating
Temporary loss of
consciousness

12. TREATMENT FOR FAINTING
Lay casualty down with legs raised, head and body on
the ground.
Loosen tight clothing.
Check for injury or illness.

13. TREATMENT FOR FAINTING
After recovery
Let the casualty rest for a few minutes before
moving.
Make sure the casualty has plenty of fresh air.
Reassure casualty.
Help casualty to sit up gradually.
Look for and treat any injury that has been sustained
from the fall.

14. TREATMENT FOR FAINTING
If casualty does not regain consciousness quickly,
perform ABC check and be ready to resuscitate if
necessary.
Place casualty in recovery position.
Dial 995 for an ambulance.

15. DISORDERS OF THE HEART –
HEART ATTACK
Occurs when blood supply to a part of the heart is
interrupted.
Causes
Central chest pain, often spreading to jaw and left
arm.
Dyspnea & discomfort high in abdomen, often
feeling similar to severe indigestion.

16. DISORDERS OF THE HEART –
HEART ATTACK
Causes
Sudden faintness or giddiness
“Ashen” skin and cyanosis at the lips
Rapid, weak or irregular pulse
Collapse, often without any warning.

17. DISORDERS OF THE HEART –
HEART ATTACK
Treatment
Help casualty to a half sitting position, with the
casualty’s head & shoulders well supported and his
knees bent.
Call for ambulance and state that you suspect a
heart attack.
Constantly monitor and record the casualty’s
breathing and pulse rates.
Prepare to resuscitate if necessary.

18. DISORDERS OF THE HEART –
CARDIAC ARREST
Any sudden stoppage of the heart
Causes
Heart attack
Severe blood loss
Suffocation
Electric shock
Hypothermia
Drug overdose

19. DISORDERS OF THE HEART –
CARDIAC ARREST
Recognition
Absence of pulse
Absence of breathing
Treatment
CPR
Send to hospital immediately.