The document discusses various software architectural styles. It provides descriptions and examples of different styles including:
1) Data-centered architectures which focus on integrating data access and use a centralized data store. Examples given are repository and blackboard styles.
2) Pipe-and-filter architectures which view systems as data transformations through a series of components. Both batch sequential and incremental pipe-and-filter styles are covered.
3) Client-server architectures which separate systems into independent clients that request services from servers. Peer-to-peer is also discussed as a related style.
A Model of Local Area Network Based Application for Inter-office Communicationtheijes
In most organizations, information circulation within offices poses a problem because clerical officers and office messengers usually dispatch letters and memos from one office to another manually. Sequel to this circulation procedure, implementation of decisions is always difficult and slow. On one hand, clerical officers sometimes divulge confidential information during the process of receiving and sending of mails and other documents. On the other hand, money is wasted on the purchase of paper for printing. However, it is cheerful to learn that technology has made it possible for staff, structures and infrastructures to control and share organization resources; hardware; software and knowledge by means of modern electronic communication. One cannot deny the fact that the flow of information is very imperative in every organization as it determines the effectiveness of decision-making and implementation. This feat can be achieved using Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design Methodology (OSADM). This is structurally analyzed with Use Case Diagram (UCD), Class Diagram, Sequence Diagram, State Transition Diagram, and Activity Diagram. Moreover, the system is coded with Java 1.6 version, in a client-server network running on star topology in LAN environment. This is the concept of this paper. The system is designed to work in two parts – the control part that is installed on the server; and the messenger part that is installed in the clients. This research work integrates the utility and organization resources into a shared center for all users to have access to; and for free communication during office hours.
Running Head WINDOWS AND LINUX 1WINDOWS AND LINUX12.docxjeffsrosalyn
Running Head: WINDOWS AND LINUX 1
WINDOWS AND LINUX 12
Project 2: Operating Systems Vulnerabilities
Aisha Tate
UMUC
August 8, 2019
Hi Aisha
I know you submitted this report before the detailed self analysis you did last week. Please go through this checklist. First, work through the lab results, perform the necessary research and complete the SAR report. The PowerPoint presentation is the last item to be completed. Review this checklist and let me know if you have any questions before you start your work.
Thanks for your continued efforts.
Dr K
Student Name: Aisha Tate
Date:6-Sep-2019
This form provides the same classroom instructions in a checklist form to help students and professors quickly evaluate a submission
Project 2: Requires the Following THREE Pieces
Areas to Improve
1. Security Assessment Report (including relevant findings from Lab)
Revise
2. Non-Technical Presentation Slides (Narration Not Needed)
Revise
3. Lab Experience Report with Screenshots
Revise
1. Security Assessment Report
Defining the OS
Brief explanation of operating systems (OS) fundamentals and information systems architectures.
Meets expectations
1. Explain the user's role in an OS.
????
2. Explain the differences between kernel applications of the OS and the applications installed by an organization or user.
Does not meet expectation
3. Describe the embedded OS.
More details needed
4. Describe how operating systems fit in the overall information systems architecture, of which cloud computing is an emerging, distributed computing network architecture.
More details needed
Include a brief definition of operating systems and information systems in your SAR.
Other outstanding information
Need to find better references/ more details – use tables or graphs
OS Vulnerabilities
1. Explain Windows vulnerabilities and Linux vulnerabilities.
???
2. Explain the Mac OS vulnerabilities, and vulnerabilities of mobile devices.
Research needed
3. Explain the motives and methods for intrusion of MS and Linux operating systems.
????
4. Explain the types of security management technologies such as intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems.
5. Describe how and why different corporate and government systems are targets.
Does not meet requirements
6. Describe different types of intrusions such as SQL PL/SQL, XML, and other injections
Preparing for the Vulnerability Scan
1. Include a description of the methodology you proposed to assess the vulnerabilities of the operating systems.
Please review project instructionss
2. Provide an explanation and reasoning of how the methodology you propose, will determine the existence of those vulnerabilities in the organization’s OS.
3. Include a description of the applicable tools to be used, limitations, and analysis.
4. Provide an explanation and reasoning of how the applicable tools you propose will determine the existence of those vulnerabilities in the organization’s OS.
Similar to SE2018_Lec 16_ Architectural Design (20)
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
Check out our list of the top 10 B.Tech colleges to help you make the right choice for your future career!
1) MNIT
2) MANIPAL UNIV
3) LNMIIT
4) NIMS UNIV
5) JECRC
6) VIVEKANANDA GLOBAL UNIV
7) BIT JAIPUR
8) APEX UNIV
9) AMITY UNIV.
10) JNU
TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES, FEES AND PLACEMENT, WATCH THE FULL VIDEO GIVEN BELOW ON "TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSNje0MBh7g
VISIT CAREER MANTRA PORTAL TO KNOW MORE ABOUT COLLEGES/UNIVERSITITES in Jaipur:
https://careermantra.net/colleges/3378/Jaipur/b-tech
Get all the information you need to plan your next steps in your medical career with Career Mantra!
https://careermantra.net/
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
2. 2
The software architecture of a program or computing
system is the structure (or structures) of the system,
including:
Dividing software into subsystems.
Deciding how these will interact.
Determining their interfaces.
• The architecture is the core of the design, so all software
engineers need to understand it.
• The architecture will often constrain the overall efficiency,
reusability and maintainability of the system
3. 3
Why you need to develop an architectural model:
To enable everyone to better understand the system
To allow people to work on individual pieces of the system
in isolation
To prepare for extension of the system
To facilitate reuse and reusability
4. 4
An architecture is an abstraction of a system that
suppresses details of components that do not affect how
they:
Use other components
Are used by other components
Relate to other components
Interact with other components
5. 5
To ensure the maintainability and reliability of a system,
an architectural model must be designed to be stable.
Being stable means that the new features can be easily
added with only small changes to the architecture.
6. 6
aTruck aShip aAirplane theWarehouseCollecti on
theVehicleCollection
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Dependency (1.0)
theStorage
aVehicle
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Dependency (0.5)
availableVehicleCollection
UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated As sociationC lass:theVehicleC ollec tion Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)UML- A Generated Ass ociati onCl ass:theVehi cleCollection Generali zation (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:theVehicleCollection Generalization (1.0)
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Dependency (1.0)
availableGoods
aPort
aPortC ollec tion
aSurplus aDifficiency
theTimeNeeded
theGoods
UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:availableGoods Association (0.5)
aRouteCollection
UML-A Generated Association Class:aRoute Association (0.25)UML-A Generated Association Class:aRoute Association (0.25)UML-A Generated Association Class:aRoute Association (0.25)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aRoute Association (0.25)
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Dependency (0.5)UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Dependency (1.0)
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Dependency (1.0)
theAWT
aVehiceDialog aWarehouseDialog aPortDialog aRouterDialog
aWarehouse
UML-A Generated AssUML-A Generated Association Class:aDifficiency Associ
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UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (0.5)
aNavPoint
UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (1.0)
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UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aRoute Association (0.5)
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UML-A Generated Dependency C lass :aRouteCol lection Ass ociation (0.25)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aWarehouse Association (1.0)
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:aRouteCollection Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (1.0)UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (1
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UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.25)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.25)
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Association (0.25)
UML-A Generated Association Class:aNavPoint Association (0.25)
theCargoRouter
UML-A Generated As sociationC lass:theWarehouseCollection Dependency ( 0.25)
UML-A Generated Association Class:theRouter Association (0.25)
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UML- A Generated Generaliz ation Class :avail ableVehicleCollection Dependenc y (1.0)
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UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Association (0.5)
UML-A Generated Dependency Class:theRouter Association (1.0)
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This is a simple
software system!
10. 10
Has goal of achieving the quality of integrability of data.
The term refers to systems in which the access and update
of a widely accessed data store is their primary goal.
Basically, it is nothing more than a centralized data store
that communicates with a number of clients.
Important for this styles are three protocols:
communication, data definition and data manipulation
protocol
A client runs on an independent thread of control.
The means of communication distinguishes the two
subtypes: repository and blackboard
Repository: a client sends a request to the system to perform
a necessary action (e.g. insert data)
Blackboard: the system sends notification and data to
subscribers when data of interest changes, and is thus active
11. 11
Ensures data integrity
Reliable, secure, easy to Backup, testability guaranteed
Clients independent on the system: performance and
usability on the client side is good
Problems with scalability
Solutions: shared repositories, replication but this
increases complexity
12. 12
One of the most well-known examples of the data-
centered architecture, is a database architecture
E.g. in RDBMS a set of related tables with fields, data
types, keys, ...
Clients use data manipulation protocol to work with the
data
E.g. SQL for inserting, selecting, deleting data, ...
Depending on where clients are situated communication
protocol might be
An inner-process communication
Communication between components on the same machine
Communication over network, e.g. LAN, Internet, etc.
13. 13
Has the goal of achieving the quality of reuse and
modifiability.
The data-flow style is characterized by viewing the system
as a series of transformations on successive pieces of input
data.
Data enter the system and then flows through the
components one at a time until
Finally, the data is assigned to some final destination
(output or a data store).
The architecture is very flexible.
Almost all the components could be removed.
Components could be replaced.
New components could be inserted.
Certain components could be reordered.
15. 15
Batch sequential style
The processing steps are independent components
Each step runs to completion before the next step begins
Pipe-and-filter style
Emphasizes the incremental transformation of data by
successive components
The filters incrementally transform the data (entering and
exiting via streams)
The pipes are stateless and simply exist to move data
between filters
Note That: It is easily made into a parallel or distributed
execution in order to enhance system performance
16. 16
Data flows through pipes: communication channels
between filters
Processing units: filters
Filters do not know anything about other filters
Modularity, maintainability is good
Data flows in streams: good for processing of images,
audio, video, ...
Depending on where the filters reside different
execution architectures
E.g. same process: filters run within threads
E.g. same machine: filters run within own processes
E.g. network: pipes use the networking architecture
17. 17
Pipe and Filter Example:
Traditional Compilers: Compilation phases are pipelined,
though the phases are not always incremental. The phases
in the pipeline include
• lexical analysis + parsing + semantic analysis + code
generation
18. 18
Main module
Subroutine A
Subroutine B
Subroutine A-1 Subroutine A-2
Physical layer
Data layer
Network layer
Transport layer
Application layer Class WClass V
Class X
Class Z
Class Y
19. 19
Has the goal of modifiability and scalability
Has been the dominant architecture since the start of
software development
Main program and subroutine style
Decomposes a program hierarchically into small pieces (i.e.,
modules)
Typically has a single thread of control that travels through
various components in the hierarchy
Remote procedure call style
Consists of main program and subroutine style of system that is
decomposed into parts that are resident on computers
connected via a network
Strives to increase performance by distributing the computations
and taking advantage of multiple processors
Incurs a finite communication time between subroutine call and
response.
20. 20
Object-oriented or abstract data type system
Emphasizes the bundling of data and how to manipulate and
access data
Keeps the internal data representation hidden and allows access
to the object only through provided operations
Permits inheritance and polymorphism
Layered system
Assigns components to layers in order to control inter-
component interaction
Only allows a layer to communicate with its immediate neighbor
21. 21
Layering: the structure of the system is organized into
set of layers
Each layer in on the top of another layer, each layer
communicates only with the layer immediately below it.
The higher layer sees the lower layer as a set of services.
Well-defined interfaces between layers
Reduces complexity,
improves modularity,
reusability,
maintainability
22. 22
Typically organized into layers
Successive layers provide more sophisticated services to
the layers above them
Hardware services, kernel services, system services, UI
services
23. 23
A virtual machine implements an
instruction set for an imaginary
machine
Often virtual machines are the
underplaying mechanism by which
a programming language is
executed
E.g. Java virtual machine, different
interpreters
• Specifies an interface between
compiler and a real machine
From conceptual point of view very
similar to OS
Improves portability
24. 24
A common example of layered architecture is a network
protocol stack
E.g. TCP/IP protocol stack - Four layers
The lowest layer: handles communication between two
computers
The internet layer: handles routing of packets across the
network
The transport layer: guarantees that packets are error-
free and received in the same order as sent
The application layer: supports application-specific
protocols
• E.g. HTTP, SMTP, FTP, ...
26. 26
Basic concept:
The client uses a service
The server provides a service
Typically connected via a network
Clients are independent from each other
There is at least one component that has the role of
client, initiating connections in order to obtain some
service.
27. 27
Conceptually simple
Clear separation of responsibilities, help testability
Good scalability (if stateless)
Excellent scalability (if server can be scaled out)
Good for security, as data can be held at the server with
restricted access
Risk of bad performance, if the communication between
client and server is slow, or has a high latency
Need to develop/agree on a protocol between client and
server
For stateful, centralized servers scalability is limited
28. 28
The server is no longer in the organizations network, but
somewhere in the Internet
Example: cloud services by Salesforce, Google,
Microsoft
Scalability, security, reliability is expected to be
handled by a specialized team
Needs a working Internet connection
29. 29
Separation between client and server is removed
Each client is a server at the same time, called peer
The goal is to distribute the processing or data among many
peers
No central administration or coordination
29
30. 30
Example: Skype uses a peer-to-peer protocol, but also
uses super-nodes and a central login servers
Adv.
Good for scalability
Good for reliability, as data can be replicated over peer
No single point of failure
Disadv.
Quality of service is not deterministic, cannot be guaranteed
Very complex, hard to maintain and test
31. 31
The N-tier architecture is the modern client-server
architecture
Originated with business applications
Through the popularity of the Web today typically
related with Web applications
Conceptually separate architecture into:
Presentation,
Application, and
Data storage layers.
32. 32
Clients are typically rich
(ui + app-logic + communication)
Servers store data
Each client runs a complete application
Drawbacks: each client has to know how to
communicate with all data servers
Scalability is compromised because client are tightly
coupled with servers
33. 33
Evolved from 2-tier architectures to solve
their drawbacks
A third tier is inserted between clients
and data servers
Application or business logic tier: middle
tier.
Typically middle tier is on the server side
(but recently might be split between the
server and the client)
Scalability improved because clients are
thinner.
Thin clients have no knowledge on
application
A rich client contains full knowledge of
application
34. 34
Suitable for applications in which a central issue is
identifying and protecting related bodies of data.
Data representations and their associated operations are
encapsulated in an abstract data type.
Components: are objects.
Connectors: are function and procedure invocations
(methods).
35. 35
Object-Oriented Invariants
The data representation is hidden from other objects.
Advantages
it is possible to change the implementation without
affecting those clients.
Can design systems as collections of autonomous
interacting agents.
Disadvantages
In order for one object to interact with another object (via
a method invocation) the first object must know the
identity of the second object
Objects cause side effect problems:
• E.g., A and B both use object C, then B’s effects on C look
like unexpected side effects to A.
37. 37
Suitable for applications that involve loosely-coupled
collection of components, each of which carries out
some operation and may in the process enable other
operations.
Instead of invoking a procedure directly ...
A component can announce (or broadcast) one or more
events.
Other components in the system can register an interest in
an event by associating a procedure with the event.
When an event is announced, the broadcasting system
(connector) itself invokes all of the procedures that have
been registered for the event.
38. 38
Advantages:
Provides strong support for reuse.
Eases system evolution
Disadvantages:
When a component announces an event:
• it has no idea what other components will respond to it,
• it cannot rely on the order in which the responses are
invoked
• it cannot know when responses are finished
Twitter, Google+
39. 39
Remote invocation architectures involve distributed
processing components
Typically, a client component invokes a method
(function) on a remote component
E.g. Web services
Advantages:
increased performance through distributed computation
Disadvantages:
tightly coupling of components
increases communication overhead
40. 40
Transparently distribute
aspects of the software
system to different nodes
An object can call
methods of another
object without knowing
that this object is
remotely located.
41. 41
Systems are seldom built from a single architectural
style
Three kinds of heterogeneity:
Locationally heterogeneous
• The drawing of the architecture reveals different styles in
different areas (e.g., a branch of a call-and-return system
may have a shared repository)
Hierarchically heterogeneous
• A component of one style, when decomposed, is structured
according to the rules of a different style
Simultaneously heterogeneous
• Two or more architectural styles may both be appropriate
descriptions for the style used by a computer-based system
43. 43
Are concerned with the control flow between sub-
systems.
Centralized control
One sub-system has overall responsibility for control and
starts and stops other sub-systems
Event-based control
Each sub-system can respond to externally generated
events from other sub-systems or the system’s
environment
44. 44
A control sub-system takes responsibility for managing
the execution of other sub-systems
Call-return model
Top-down subroutine model
Control starts at the top of a subroutine hierarchy and
moves downwards.
Applicable to sequential systems
Manager model
One system component controls the stopping, starting
and coordination of other system processes.
Applicable to concurrent systems.
47. 47
Driven by externally generated events where the
timing of the event is outside the control of the sub-
systems which process the event
Two principal event-driven models:
Broadcast models. An event is broadcast to all sub-
systems. Any sub-system which can handle the event
may do so
Interrupt-driven models. Used in real-time systems
where interrupts are detected by an interrupt handler
and passed to some other component for processing