Navigation involves using technology to determine the position, direction, or course of a vehicle or person. Common navigation tools include compasses, maps, and GPS systems. Modern navigation systems use satellites and computers to determine location with precision and guide users to their destinations with detailed directions.
IB Biology markscheme, past exam papers, notes and 2012 IB Biology syllabus. IB Biology option D evolution markscheme. IB Biology option D evolution notes, IB Biology option D Evolution exam papers, IB Biology option E markscheme, IB Biology option E notes, IB Biology option E Neurobiology papers, IB Biology Option A Human Nutrition and Health syllabus 2012, Stimulus and response, Homologous structures, Pavlov experiments.
Subphyllum uniramia/Myriapoda; Class Chilopoda: centipedes; Class Diplopoda: Millipedes; Class Pauropoda: pauropods; Class Symphyla: garden centipedes; mandibulates
A summary of Subphylum Myriapoda with illustrations.
Each class is described as well as the general characteristics of the subphylum.
Biology 220 Species Research_Paper with CitationsApril Clark
1) The document provides an overview of the Eastern milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum), including its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, behavior, habitat, and methods to distinguish it from similar snakes like the Eastern coral snake.
2) Key points include that milk snakes are nonvenomous colubrid snakes that can grow up to 4 feet long. They come in blotched or banded color phases and have distinct markings on their head and underside.
3) Milk snakes lay clutches of 4-16 eggs and are not cared for by parents after hatching. They eat small animals and regulate their body temperature through habitat selection like open fields and forest edges.
This document discusses early hominin species including Australopithecus garhi, Homo habilis, and Homo rudolfensis. A. garhi, found in Ethiopia in 1996, was the earliest known tool-producing hominin dating to between 2.6-2.5 million years ago. H. habilis produced basic stone tools and expanded out of Africa between 2.4-1.5 million years ago. H. rudolfensis, found in Kenya, may be a separate species from H. habilis based on cranial differences. The document also examines the physical characteristics, fossil evidence, locomotion, diet, and basic stone tool production of these early hominins.
Chapter 6 section 3 (evolution of primates)Mr. Motuk
1) Primates like humans, monkeys and apes evolved from common ancestors and share traits like opposable thumbs and binocular vision that allow for grasping and depth perception.
2) Early hominids like Australopithecus, dated to 4-6 million years ago, walked upright and had larger brains than apes, separating them evolutionarily.
3) Fossils like "Lucy" show that hominids like Australopithecus walked upright in Africa and may have been early human ancestors.
1) Primates first evolved around 65 million years ago and split into two main groups - one containing lemurs and lorises, and the other containing tarsiers and anthropoids like monkeys, apes and humans.
2) Early hominines like Australopithecus afarensis had adaptations for both walking upright and spending time in trees, as evidenced by fossils like "Lucy".
3) Later hominines evolved adaptations like an opposable thumb and larger brains that enabled tool use and were better suited for life on land. Fossils continue to provide new insights into human evolution but also raise new questions.
The document summarizes key differences between pongids (non-human primates) and hominids (early humans and their ancestors). Hominids evolved to walk upright, have longer legs than arms adapted for striding, high foot arches, and reduced teeth and jaw sizes. In contrast, pongids are bent over, have arms longer than legs for swinging, low foot arches, and larger teeth. Hominids also developed larger brain sizes ranging from 400-2000cc compared to 280-705cc for pongids. The document proposes hominid evolution originated in Africa and then migrated outward.
This document summarizes key hominin species in human evolution including Homo rudolfensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, and Cro-Magnons. It discusses where and when these species lived, debates about relationships between Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilis, and physical adaptations of Homo erectus. The document emphasizes that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago and have since spread worldwide, noting that understanding evolution enhances appreciation for life rather than demeaning humanity.
IB Biology markscheme, past exam papers, notes and 2012 IB Biology syllabus. IB Biology option D evolution markscheme. IB Biology option D evolution notes, IB Biology option D Evolution exam papers, IB Biology option E markscheme, IB Biology option E notes, IB Biology option E Neurobiology papers, IB Biology Option A Human Nutrition and Health syllabus 2012, Stimulus and response, Homologous structures, Pavlov experiments.
Subphyllum uniramia/Myriapoda; Class Chilopoda: centipedes; Class Diplopoda: Millipedes; Class Pauropoda: pauropods; Class Symphyla: garden centipedes; mandibulates
A summary of Subphylum Myriapoda with illustrations.
Each class is described as well as the general characteristics of the subphylum.
Biology 220 Species Research_Paper with CitationsApril Clark
1) The document provides an overview of the Eastern milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum), including its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, behavior, habitat, and methods to distinguish it from similar snakes like the Eastern coral snake.
2) Key points include that milk snakes are nonvenomous colubrid snakes that can grow up to 4 feet long. They come in blotched or banded color phases and have distinct markings on their head and underside.
3) Milk snakes lay clutches of 4-16 eggs and are not cared for by parents after hatching. They eat small animals and regulate their body temperature through habitat selection like open fields and forest edges.
This document discusses early hominin species including Australopithecus garhi, Homo habilis, and Homo rudolfensis. A. garhi, found in Ethiopia in 1996, was the earliest known tool-producing hominin dating to between 2.6-2.5 million years ago. H. habilis produced basic stone tools and expanded out of Africa between 2.4-1.5 million years ago. H. rudolfensis, found in Kenya, may be a separate species from H. habilis based on cranial differences. The document also examines the physical characteristics, fossil evidence, locomotion, diet, and basic stone tool production of these early hominins.
Chapter 6 section 3 (evolution of primates)Mr. Motuk
1) Primates like humans, monkeys and apes evolved from common ancestors and share traits like opposable thumbs and binocular vision that allow for grasping and depth perception.
2) Early hominids like Australopithecus, dated to 4-6 million years ago, walked upright and had larger brains than apes, separating them evolutionarily.
3) Fossils like "Lucy" show that hominids like Australopithecus walked upright in Africa and may have been early human ancestors.
1) Primates first evolved around 65 million years ago and split into two main groups - one containing lemurs and lorises, and the other containing tarsiers and anthropoids like monkeys, apes and humans.
2) Early hominines like Australopithecus afarensis had adaptations for both walking upright and spending time in trees, as evidenced by fossils like "Lucy".
3) Later hominines evolved adaptations like an opposable thumb and larger brains that enabled tool use and were better suited for life on land. Fossils continue to provide new insights into human evolution but also raise new questions.
The document summarizes key differences between pongids (non-human primates) and hominids (early humans and their ancestors). Hominids evolved to walk upright, have longer legs than arms adapted for striding, high foot arches, and reduced teeth and jaw sizes. In contrast, pongids are bent over, have arms longer than legs for swinging, low foot arches, and larger teeth. Hominids also developed larger brain sizes ranging from 400-2000cc compared to 280-705cc for pongids. The document proposes hominid evolution originated in Africa and then migrated outward.
This document summarizes key hominin species in human evolution including Homo rudolfensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, and Cro-Magnons. It discusses where and when these species lived, debates about relationships between Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilis, and physical adaptations of Homo erectus. The document emphasizes that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago and have since spread worldwide, noting that understanding evolution enhances appreciation for life rather than demeaning humanity.
This document provides an overview of human biological evolution and primate adaptations from lectures 3 and 4 of Anthro 101. It discusses how primates are classified and where humans fit in the taxonomic system. It then covers the distinguishing physical traits of primates, including their hands, vision, life history patterns and social behaviors. Different primate subgroups are examined in terms of locomotion, anatomy and phylogeny. Comparisons are made between primate and human skeletal structures related to posture and movement.
The document summarizes the Hall of Human Origins exhibit at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural Science, listing several early human species from Australopithecus afarensis to modern Homo sapiens. It provides web addresses for more information on the museum exhibit and external resources about human evolution from PBS, NOVA, and the National Science Teachers Association.
- Microraptor was a small, feathered dinosaur discovered in China that had wings on both its arms and legs, making it a four-winged dinosaur.
- Analysis of Microraptor's skeleton and testing of life-size models in wind tunnels suggested it was capable of gliding from trees rather than running, indicating gliding may have evolved before flapping flight in dinosaurs.
- While Microraptor provided new evidence linking dinosaurs and birds, debate still continues on the exact origins of flight as more fossils are needed to make definitive conclusions.
- The document summarizes information about several early hominin species in the genus Australopithecus that lived between 4.4-1.4 million years ago, including A. anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, A. garhi, A. robustus, A. aethiopicus, A. boisei, A. bahrelghazali, and A. sediba. It describes their anatomical traits, brain sizes, diets, locations, and relationships to one another in the early evolution of humans.
Ants are able to find the shortest path between their anthill and a food source through the use of pheromone trails. As ants travel between the food and anthill, they lay down pheromone trails. The trails with the strongest scent, which correspond to the shortest paths, become the preferred routes that more ants follow. Over time, this process allows the ant colony to determine the most efficient paths between locations in a decentralized, adaptive manner.
The Living primates is a presentation about the development of primates as the origin of human race. their categories, classifications, what are they alike that has distinctive human characteristics.
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variationanimation0118
Anthropology
REFERENCES:
Ember, C. (2007). Anthropology. Singapore: Pearson Educational South Asia.
Ember, C., Ember, M., & Peregrine, P. (2009). Human evolution and culture: Highlights of anthropology. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ervin, A. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson.
Kottak, C. (2011). Anthropology: Appreciating cultural diversity. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Kottak, C. (2008). Anthropology: The explanation of human diversity. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill.
Launda, R. (2010). Core concepts in cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Nanda, S. (2007). Cultural anthropology. Belmont, California: Walsworth/Thomson Learning.
This document discusses the history of space exploration from the 1940s to present day. It covers early milestones like the first animals and humans launched into space by the Soviet Union and United States in the Space Race. Major events discussed include the first American satellite Explorer 1 in 1958, the Apollo moon landings starting in 1969, and the ongoing International Space Station project since 1998. The document also examines the genres of science fiction and how it relates to real scientific exploration and possibilities.
What would life be like on mars for your dog?Adam Croman
Life on Mars has been proven to be a reality. Even before then, we’ve dreamt of what it would be like to one day experience Mars. Recently, NASA posted dreamy illustrations of an imagined future on the planet. In one picture, an astronaut stands on dunes in her spacesuit and with a dog at her side.
Animal Kingdom Presentation designed for First Grade viewers and teachers. Presentation covers main animal groups and selective focus on a few specific animals for each animal group.
The document summarizes key australopithecine species and their evolution. It discusses Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, Paranthropus aethiopicus, P. boisei, P. robustus, and A. garhi. It describes their fossil records, anatomies, habitats, locomotion, and relationships. A. garhi is significant as the earliest known tool-making hominin. Debate continues regarding the lineages and relationships between the gracile and robust australopithecine forms.
The FIRST HUMAN Being in Ethiopia, "When God Was Called Lucy"RBG Communiversity
“Thus it can be stated confidently that the "Lucy" specimen is ca. 3 m.y. old, while some of the other, stratigraphically lower Hadar hominids are at least 3.3 and possibly as much as 3.6 m.y. old. “
[Source: Ian Tattersall, et al. eds, Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory (Chicago: St James Press, 1988), pp. 239-241]
From: http://www.selamta.net/Lucy.htm
The document summarizes human evolution from early hominids to modern humans based on paleontological evidence. It describes how humans originated from ape-like ancestors in Africa between 4-5 million years ago. Fossils of early hominids like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus provided evidence that humans evolved to walk upright and have larger brains and tools. Later hominids such as Neanderthals and Homo sapiens exhibited fully modern human traits and behaviors like use of fire and complex tools. The document traces the taxonomic classification of humans and provides an overview of the major stages in human evolution.
This slide share shares the almost unnoticed part of our profession the wild life: the primates.Its a little attempt to lighten up our mates ' The Primates' hidden behind the shadow of negligence. Sakina Rubab, DVM.
Early hominins are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor with African apes around 6-7 million years ago. The key difference between early hominins and early apes was that hominins were habitually bipedal while apes were quadrupedal. Bipedalism provided advantages like increased efficiency and the ability to use tools. Traits like the pelvis, femur, spine and foot provide evidence of bipedalism in hominin fossils. While the fossil record is incomplete, discoveries like Australopithecus afarensis help illustrate the evolution of bipedalism before increases in brain size.
The document discusses evidence from genetics, anatomy, and behavior that traces the evolutionary path from early primates to Homo sapiens. It describes several early primate species such as Proconsul and Sivapithecus found in Africa and Asia dating back millions of years. Genetic evidence shows humans share over 99% of DNA with chimpanzees and diverged from them around 5-6 million years ago. Anatomical similarities and differences in the pelvis, feet and locomotion provide insights into the emergence of bipedalism. Higher primates display sophisticated communication including gestures, facial expressions, and tool usage, providing clues about early human behavior.
Primatology is the study of primates and how they have adapted to their environments. There are two major primate groups: prosimians like lemurs and lorises, and anthropoids like monkeys, apes, and humans. Anthropoids are further divided into platyrrhines of South America, and catarrhines including Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. Characteristics of primates include features of the hands, legs, vision and large brains. Fossil evidence shows that early primates from 55 million years ago had traits like nails and grasping abilities suited for tree dwelling. The emergence of anthropoids is not well documented in the fossil record, but conditions
This document discusses human evolution from early primates to the first bipedal hominins. It outlines the taxonomic classification system used to categorize living things and shows where humans fit within this system. Key events in human evolution are described such as the emergence of the first primates 55 million years ago and the earliest evidence of bipedalism between 6-7 million years ago. Anatomical changes required for bipedalism are also summarized. The timeline of human ancestors is reviewed, showing the progression from early hominins like Australopithecus to the later emergence of the genus Homo.
1. The document discusses several theories of evolution including Lamarckism, Darwinism, and punctuated equilibrium.
2. Lamarckism proposed that acquired traits could be inherited, while Darwinism proposed evolution through natural selection acting on inherited variation.
3. The punctuated equilibrium model suggests that evolution occurs in short bursts separated by long periods of stasis, rather than through the gradual process proposed by Darwin.
A brief and concise presentation about the early faces of Man during the early times. A historical presentation about the discoveries and excavations of the early hominids.
The document discusses bird migration and how birds fly in flocks. It provides several key points:
1) Some birds migrate to find food sources, and Norway provides a good food source for over 230 bird species. Flying in formations like the V-shape allows birds to gain aerodynamic advantages and fly farther.
2) Studies have shown that flock formations are used for migration, and the timing of migration depends on factors like distance, energy reserves, and weather conditions. Formations provide benefits like increased predator detection and energy conservation.
3) The reasons for flock flying, specifically, are still debated and not fully understood, though aerodynamic advantages and communication benefits have both been proposed. More research
This document provides an overview of human biological evolution and primate adaptations from lectures 3 and 4 of Anthro 101. It discusses how primates are classified and where humans fit in the taxonomic system. It then covers the distinguishing physical traits of primates, including their hands, vision, life history patterns and social behaviors. Different primate subgroups are examined in terms of locomotion, anatomy and phylogeny. Comparisons are made between primate and human skeletal structures related to posture and movement.
The document summarizes the Hall of Human Origins exhibit at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural Science, listing several early human species from Australopithecus afarensis to modern Homo sapiens. It provides web addresses for more information on the museum exhibit and external resources about human evolution from PBS, NOVA, and the National Science Teachers Association.
- Microraptor was a small, feathered dinosaur discovered in China that had wings on both its arms and legs, making it a four-winged dinosaur.
- Analysis of Microraptor's skeleton and testing of life-size models in wind tunnels suggested it was capable of gliding from trees rather than running, indicating gliding may have evolved before flapping flight in dinosaurs.
- While Microraptor provided new evidence linking dinosaurs and birds, debate still continues on the exact origins of flight as more fossils are needed to make definitive conclusions.
- The document summarizes information about several early hominin species in the genus Australopithecus that lived between 4.4-1.4 million years ago, including A. anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, A. garhi, A. robustus, A. aethiopicus, A. boisei, A. bahrelghazali, and A. sediba. It describes their anatomical traits, brain sizes, diets, locations, and relationships to one another in the early evolution of humans.
Ants are able to find the shortest path between their anthill and a food source through the use of pheromone trails. As ants travel between the food and anthill, they lay down pheromone trails. The trails with the strongest scent, which correspond to the shortest paths, become the preferred routes that more ants follow. Over time, this process allows the ant colony to determine the most efficient paths between locations in a decentralized, adaptive manner.
The Living primates is a presentation about the development of primates as the origin of human race. their categories, classifications, what are they alike that has distinctive human characteristics.
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variationanimation0118
Anthropology
REFERENCES:
Ember, C. (2007). Anthropology. Singapore: Pearson Educational South Asia.
Ember, C., Ember, M., & Peregrine, P. (2009). Human evolution and culture: Highlights of anthropology. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ervin, A. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson.
Kottak, C. (2011). Anthropology: Appreciating cultural diversity. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Kottak, C. (2008). Anthropology: The explanation of human diversity. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill.
Launda, R. (2010). Core concepts in cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Nanda, S. (2007). Cultural anthropology. Belmont, California: Walsworth/Thomson Learning.
This document discusses the history of space exploration from the 1940s to present day. It covers early milestones like the first animals and humans launched into space by the Soviet Union and United States in the Space Race. Major events discussed include the first American satellite Explorer 1 in 1958, the Apollo moon landings starting in 1969, and the ongoing International Space Station project since 1998. The document also examines the genres of science fiction and how it relates to real scientific exploration and possibilities.
What would life be like on mars for your dog?Adam Croman
Life on Mars has been proven to be a reality. Even before then, we’ve dreamt of what it would be like to one day experience Mars. Recently, NASA posted dreamy illustrations of an imagined future on the planet. In one picture, an astronaut stands on dunes in her spacesuit and with a dog at her side.
Animal Kingdom Presentation designed for First Grade viewers and teachers. Presentation covers main animal groups and selective focus on a few specific animals for each animal group.
The document summarizes key australopithecine species and their evolution. It discusses Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, Paranthropus aethiopicus, P. boisei, P. robustus, and A. garhi. It describes their fossil records, anatomies, habitats, locomotion, and relationships. A. garhi is significant as the earliest known tool-making hominin. Debate continues regarding the lineages and relationships between the gracile and robust australopithecine forms.
The FIRST HUMAN Being in Ethiopia, "When God Was Called Lucy"RBG Communiversity
“Thus it can be stated confidently that the "Lucy" specimen is ca. 3 m.y. old, while some of the other, stratigraphically lower Hadar hominids are at least 3.3 and possibly as much as 3.6 m.y. old. “
[Source: Ian Tattersall, et al. eds, Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory (Chicago: St James Press, 1988), pp. 239-241]
From: http://www.selamta.net/Lucy.htm
The document summarizes human evolution from early hominids to modern humans based on paleontological evidence. It describes how humans originated from ape-like ancestors in Africa between 4-5 million years ago. Fossils of early hominids like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus provided evidence that humans evolved to walk upright and have larger brains and tools. Later hominids such as Neanderthals and Homo sapiens exhibited fully modern human traits and behaviors like use of fire and complex tools. The document traces the taxonomic classification of humans and provides an overview of the major stages in human evolution.
This slide share shares the almost unnoticed part of our profession the wild life: the primates.Its a little attempt to lighten up our mates ' The Primates' hidden behind the shadow of negligence. Sakina Rubab, DVM.
Early hominins are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor with African apes around 6-7 million years ago. The key difference between early hominins and early apes was that hominins were habitually bipedal while apes were quadrupedal. Bipedalism provided advantages like increased efficiency and the ability to use tools. Traits like the pelvis, femur, spine and foot provide evidence of bipedalism in hominin fossils. While the fossil record is incomplete, discoveries like Australopithecus afarensis help illustrate the evolution of bipedalism before increases in brain size.
The document discusses evidence from genetics, anatomy, and behavior that traces the evolutionary path from early primates to Homo sapiens. It describes several early primate species such as Proconsul and Sivapithecus found in Africa and Asia dating back millions of years. Genetic evidence shows humans share over 99% of DNA with chimpanzees and diverged from them around 5-6 million years ago. Anatomical similarities and differences in the pelvis, feet and locomotion provide insights into the emergence of bipedalism. Higher primates display sophisticated communication including gestures, facial expressions, and tool usage, providing clues about early human behavior.
Primatology is the study of primates and how they have adapted to their environments. There are two major primate groups: prosimians like lemurs and lorises, and anthropoids like monkeys, apes, and humans. Anthropoids are further divided into platyrrhines of South America, and catarrhines including Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. Characteristics of primates include features of the hands, legs, vision and large brains. Fossil evidence shows that early primates from 55 million years ago had traits like nails and grasping abilities suited for tree dwelling. The emergence of anthropoids is not well documented in the fossil record, but conditions
This document discusses human evolution from early primates to the first bipedal hominins. It outlines the taxonomic classification system used to categorize living things and shows where humans fit within this system. Key events in human evolution are described such as the emergence of the first primates 55 million years ago and the earliest evidence of bipedalism between 6-7 million years ago. Anatomical changes required for bipedalism are also summarized. The timeline of human ancestors is reviewed, showing the progression from early hominins like Australopithecus to the later emergence of the genus Homo.
1. The document discusses several theories of evolution including Lamarckism, Darwinism, and punctuated equilibrium.
2. Lamarckism proposed that acquired traits could be inherited, while Darwinism proposed evolution through natural selection acting on inherited variation.
3. The punctuated equilibrium model suggests that evolution occurs in short bursts separated by long periods of stasis, rather than through the gradual process proposed by Darwin.
A brief and concise presentation about the early faces of Man during the early times. A historical presentation about the discoveries and excavations of the early hominids.
The document discusses bird migration and how birds fly in flocks. It provides several key points:
1) Some birds migrate to find food sources, and Norway provides a good food source for over 230 bird species. Flying in formations like the V-shape allows birds to gain aerodynamic advantages and fly farther.
2) Studies have shown that flock formations are used for migration, and the timing of migration depends on factors like distance, energy reserves, and weather conditions. Formations provide benefits like increased predator detection and energy conservation.
3) The reasons for flock flying, specifically, are still debated and not fully understood, though aerodynamic advantages and communication benefits have both been proposed. More research
A presentation on Migration including bird, human and even brain drain. Also includes immigration and emigration and push and pull factors of migration. A complete project on migration.
Plankton are tiny plants and animals that float or drift in water. Phytoplankton are plant plankton that photosynthesize to produce their own food and provide the base of the ocean food chain by being eaten by zooplankton. Zooplankton are animal plankton that feed on phytoplankton and each other, and are in turn eaten by larger animals like fish. Together, plankton, zooplankton, and larger animals form complex food webs that sustain ocean life.
Birds are classified under the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, and class Aves. They share characteristics like feathers, hollow bones, and a four-chambered heart that allow for flight. Bird species range greatly in size from the Bee Hummingbird to the Ostrich. Many bird species migrate seasonally and use tools like the sun and stars for navigation. Humans interact with birds in various ways such as using feathers, eggs, and meat as food or keeping birds as pets.
The document provides an overview of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. It discusses that MHC molecules present antigen fragments to T cells and are classified into classes I, II, and III. MHC proteins in humans are called HLA genes and are located on chromosome 6. The document describes HLA classification, functions in infectious disease, graft rejection, and autoimmunity, as well as genetics and methods of HLA typing including serotyping, phenotyping, and allele names.
Phytoplankton are single-celled marine plants that live in the upper ocean layers and produce oxygen through photosynthesis, serving as the primary producers in ocean food chains. Zooplankton such as crustaceans and jellyfish feed on phytoplankton and provide food for small fish like mackerel and herring. These small fish then become prey for larger fish, while the largest predators like whales, sharks, and killer whales feed on both large and small fish.
The document summarizes a student project to study bird migration patterns and how birds' behaviors change with climatic conditions. Students took field trips in July and October to observe birds and record data on species, activities, food and habitats. They found more bird species and activity in October compared to July, and more insects in July than October. Birds were more active in October when food was more abundant and the sun rose earlier. Their observations showed birds and available resources varied with the seasons.
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are human MHC antigens located on chromosome 6p that show polymorphism and co-dominant expression. There are two main types of HLA antigens - HLA class I and II. HLA molecules present antigenic peptides to initiate immune responses through interactions with T-cell receptors. Certain diseases like ankylosing spondylitis are associated with particular HLA antigens due to increased relative risk, though most carriers of risk alleles do not develop diseases. Cytokines play important regulatory roles in immune responses through effects on cells like macrophages, granulocytes, and lymphocytes.
Bird migration is the seasonal journey undertaken by many bird species between breeding and wintering grounds. Over millions of years, environmental changes caused by ice ages shaped birds' migratory habits through natural selection. Physiological and environmental cues trigger migration, prompting birds to accumulate fat stores and prepare for long flights. Migration allows birds to access nesting and food opportunities while escaping harsh weather, lack of resources, and other threats. However, migratory birds now face increasing human threats including habitat destruction and pollution that hinder their long journeys.
The document provides information about a plankton station learning activity. It defines plankton as microscopic plants and animals in water and explains that they are the basis of the aquatic food web. It describes the trophic relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. The activity involves students using a microscope to identify different types of plankton in a water sample and understand their roles in the food web. Safety protocols are outlined for students who may experience seasickness on the boat.
Plankton are small organisms that float or drift in water. They are divided into phytoplankton, which are plant-like organisms capable of photosynthesis, and zooplankton, which are animal-like organisms. Plankton are extremely important as they form the base of the marine food web, with phytoplankton providing an energy source and zooplankton consuming phytoplankton and other zooplankton. Areas with high levels of nutrients in the water typically contain more plankton.
This document discusses transplant immunology and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It covers MHC structure and function, inheritance of MHC antigens, humoral and cellular immunity, antigen presentation, HLA associations with disease, types of transplants, mechanisms of graft rejection, pre-transplant immunological evaluations, and immunosuppressive strategies.
This document provides an overview of HLA typing and its applications in research. It begins with a brief introduction to HLA molecules and their role in presenting peptides to T cells. It then discusses the diversity of HLA alleles and the evolution of HLA typing techniques. The main applications of HLA typing are described as transplantation, forensics, biomarker identification, vaccine development, and studying associations with autoimmune diseases. The document emphasizes that HLA typing performed by AllCells on primary human cells can accelerate immunology and vaccine research.
1. Plankton are microscopic or macroscopic aquatic organisms that drift or float in freshwater and marine environments. They are divided into phytoplankton, which are autotrophic plant-like organisms, and zooplankton, which are heterotrophic animal-like organisms.
2. Phytoplankton include algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates that form the base of aquatic food chains. Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton and include crustaceans like copepods and cladocerans.
3. Polyculture is the practice of culturing multiple fish species together in a pond by selecting species with different feeding habits, from
Plankton are tiny organisms that drift or float in the waters of seas, lakes, and rivers. They can be either autotrophs, which produce their own food through photosynthesis (phytoplankton like diatoms and dinoflagellates), or heterotrophs, which consume other organisms for food (zooplankton like tiny crustaceans). Phytoplankton are the base of the oceanic food web and are found in the photic zone where there is enough sunlight for photosynthesis. Some phytoplankton can bloom rapidly and be dangerous. Plankton play an important role in marine ecosystems.
The document provides information about various shrimp species farmed for aquaculture. It details the top shrimp producing countries in 2006, with Thailand as the largest producer at 200,000 MT. Several species of shrimp are discussed, including the dominant Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp), Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn), and freshwater prawns of the Macrobrachium genus. The life cycle, larval stages, and farming practices for shrimp are summarized, including pond construction, stocking, feeding, and harvesting methods.
The document discusses bird migration, summarizing some past beliefs about why birds disappeared seasonally and what is now known to be correct. It then discusses the main reasons why birds migrate, including changes in temperature, evolution, glacial cycles, molting, and diet choices. Finally, it outlines some of the patterns, preparations, navigation techniques, hazards, and return process involved in bird migration.
This document discusses different types of animal migration and navigation. It defines migration as persistent movements between distinct locations or habitats. There are obligate and facultative types of migration. Navigation abilities allow animals to find their way over long distances using cues like the sun, stars, and magnetic fields. Trail laying with pheromones helps ants navigate efficiently to food sources. Dead reckoning also allows some animals to deduce their position based on direction and distance traveled from a known starting point.
The document summarizes the brain's internal navigation system. It describes the discovery of place cells in the hippocampus by John O'Keefe in 1971 which fire when a rat is in a particular location and help form a cognitive map. May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser discovered grid cells in the entorhinal cortex in 2005 which form a hexagonal grid-like pattern and act as a coordinate system. Other key cells involved are head direction cells and boundary cells. Together these cells allow an animal to know its location, direction and distance traveled to navigate spaces. Damage to the hippocampus, as seen in patient H.M., impairs this ability to form new spatial memories.
The document summarizes amniotes and their evolution. It discusses:
1) Amniotes are tetrapods with an amniotic egg, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The amniotic egg allowed reproduction on land.
2) Modern amniotes are classified as synapsids (mammals), anapsids (turtles), or diapsids (reptiles and birds). Diapsids split into lepidosaurs and archosaurs.
3) Reptiles evolved from amphibians and gained adaptations like scaly skin, internal fertilization, and efficient lungs and kidneys for land survival.
This document summarizes the different types of skulls found in reptiles:
- Anapsid skulls, found in primitive reptiles and turtles, have no temporal fenestrae.
- Euryapsid skulls, found in marine reptiles like plesiosaurs, have a single pair of fenestrae high on the skull.
- Parapsid skulls, seen in ichthyosaurs, are similar but with additional bones bordering the single fenestrae.
- Diapsid skulls, common in living reptiles and dinosaurs, contain two pairs of fenestrae on each side of the skull.
- Synapsid skulls, seen in early mammal-like reptiles
The document discusses the origin and evolution of mammals. It describes two main theories for the ancestry of mammals - through amphibians or reptiles. While amphibian ancestry was proposed, reptilian ancestry is now widely accepted based on fossil evidence. Many characteristics of early mammal-like reptiles called therapsids were mammalian. True mammals first appeared in the Jurassic period but remained small until after the extinction of dinosaurs. When ecological niches opened up in the Cenozoic era, mammals underwent adaptive radiations into various forms through modifications of limbs, teeth and other features for different habitats like trees, ground, burrows, water and air. Convergent evolution also led to similarities between unrelated mammals adapting to the same nic
This document defines key word parts related to evolution and biology. It then summarizes Jean Baptiste Lamarck's early theory of evolution from the 18th century, which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. Next, it outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection from the 19th century, including his voyage on the HMS Beagle and book The Origin of Species. It describes natural selection and how organisms vary, struggle for existence, and undergo descent with modification over generations. Evidence for evolution such as fossils, biogeography, and homologous and vestigial structures is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of arthropods and crustaceans. It begins by defining arthropods as animals with a hard exoskeleton, jointed body and limbs, and includes insects, crustaceans, and arachnids. Arthropods are the most successful and diverse animal group. The document then discusses characteristics of arthropods like bilateral symmetry, segmented bodies, exoskeletons, and life cycles. It also summarizes the five major groups of arthropods and how they evolved. Finally, it provides details on specific types of crustaceans like krill, shrimp, lobsters, crabs, crayfish, and barnacles.
10 4 all handouts animal diversity 2010 jewett editMrJewett
The document summarizes key information about sponges and cnidarians. It discusses their:
1) Simple body structures and lack of tissues in sponges. Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity and three body layers.
2) Radial symmetry in cnidarians and lack of symmetry in sponges.
3) Close evolutionary relationship and how cnidarians were early ancestors of animals with nerves and muscles.
4) Filter feeding in sponges and carnivorous feeding using nematocysts in cnidarians like jellyfish and hydra.
This document discusses the phylogeny and morphology of vertebrates and amphibians. It covers the five classes of vertebrates which are fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For fishes, it describes the two types of modern fishes and discusses characteristics of cartilaginous fishes. It also covers taxonomy of fishes and adaptations of body forms. For amphibians, it discusses characteristics and challenges of terrestrial life, orders of amphibians, and patterns of reproduction. Finally, it covers characteristics of reptiles, taxonomy of reptiles including orders, and families of snakes.
This document discusses the phylogeny and morphology of vertebrates and amphibians. It covers the five classes of vertebrates which are fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For fishes, it describes the two types of modern fishes and provides characteristics of cartilaginous fishes. It also discusses the classification and characteristics of amphibians and reptiles, including how they evolved and adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Key orders within each group are identified and compared.
PRIMATES
(ORDER)
Suborder
Infraorder
Superfamily
Family
Sub-‐family
Hominoid
Common
Names
STREPSIRHINES
HAPLORHINES
Platyrrhines
Catarrhines
Hominoids
Cercopithecoids
Cercopithecids
Gibbons
Siamangs
HylobaCds
Pongids
Hominids
Chimp
Gorilla
Bonobo
Orangutan
Humans
Cercopithecines
Colobines
Baboons
Macaques
Guenons
Colobus
monkeys
Langurs
Tarsiers
Ceboids
Calltrichids
Cebids
Atelids
Lemurs
Lorises
Galagos
PRIMATES
(what
YOU
need
to
know)
STREPSIRHINES
HAPLORHINES
LEMURS,
LORISES,
GALAGOS
Platyrrhines
Catarrhines
Hominoids
Cercopithecoids
LESSER
APES
Gibbons
Siamangs
GREAT
APES
Chimp
Gorilla
Bonobo
Orangutan
HUMANS!
OLD
WORLD
MONKEYS
Baboons
(Also
macaques,
guenons,
colobus
monkeys,
langurs)
Tarsiers
NEW
WORLD
MONKEYS
Know
an
example
(e.g.,
tamarins)
Cercopithecines
Colobines
ATH 2100_Exam 2_Review
Key Terms:
Taxonomy Phylogeny Ancestral/Derived Traits Foraging Strategy
Dental formula Heterodont Knuckle-walking Strepsirhine/Haplorhine
Platyrrhine/Catarrhine Cercopithecoid Hominoid/Hominid/Hominin Adaptive Radiation
Paleoanthropology Taphonomy Relative vs Chronometric dating
Law of Superposition Homology Homoplasy Phylogram/Phylogenetic Tree
Cladogram Parsimony Convergent Evolution Plesiadapiformes
Ethogram Sampling methods
Key Concepts:
How is Linnean taxonomy organized?
Where do primates fit into Linnean taxonomy?
What are the ancestral traits that unite primates with other mammals?
What are the derived traits that unite primates compared to mammals? (Be specific!)
What are the different types of primate diets? How does diet influence activity and foraging strategies?
What are the different forms of locomotion found in primates? How is this reflected in their anatomies?
What are characteristics of each major primate taxonomic group? (Strepsirhines, Haplorhines, Platyrrhines, Catarrhines, Hominoids, Cercopithecines, Colobines)
What’s the deal with the tarsier?
Pay attention to the social behavior of great apes. How are they different from other primates?
Compare chimpanzee and bonobo behaviors.
Why live in a group as a primate?
What ways do they adapt to living in groups?
Different mating/social systems (polygyny, polyandry, monogamy, solitary)
When and why do we see sexual dimorphism? When don’t we see sexual dimorphism?
How is human language different from non-human primate language?
What have we learned from Great Ape language studies?
What are some arguments to support culture in apes?
Primate conservation
Primates as models
How do we get fossils? Methods of dating fossils
What are the different methods of classification? What traits do each use?.
Origen and classification of veretebrates 2017 new microsoft powerpoint prese...essameahady
1) Vertebrates evolved from early chordates like tunicates and lancelets. Fossils show the progression of vertebrate evolution over time.
2) Chordates are defined by four key features - a dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, and postanal tail. These features are present in vertebrate embryos and some persist in adults.
3) Vertebrates are classified into groups like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals based on shared characteristics.
The document compares and contrasts the characteristics of mollusks and annelids. Both phyla are bilaterally symmetrical with a soft body and internal coelom. They can live in various environments on land or in water. Mollusks have a hard shell that protects their soft body, while annelids move via alternating circular and longitudinal muscles. Both groups exhibit a range of reproductive strategies including asexual reproduction and hermaphroditism. They have organ systems that allow for respiration, circulation, digestion, and nerve conduction.
1. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical invertebrates with jointed appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton. They live in a variety of habitats from underground to high in the sky.
2. They display a range of behaviors from sedentary to highly mobile, and have diverse diets and life cycles.
3. Key characteristics include segmented bodies, specialized heads, molting exoskeletons, jointed appendages, and open circulatory systems. There are four main lineages of arthropods.
This document contains questions and answers from a quiz competition. It includes questions on topics like unusual animal facts, plant biology, history, and business/marketing. The questions range from easy to difficult and are worth various point values. For each question, the document provides one or more correct answers summarized from the question details.
This document provides an overview of insects, including:
- There are over 1.1 million known insect species, with many more still undiscovered, making insects the most successful and widespread animal group.
- Insects were one of the first terrestrial animal groups, adapting to land over 390 million years ago before most other animals.
- Insects have small bodies, typically under 2.5 cm, but range in size from under 1 mm to over 25 cm. They are found in nearly all habitats on Earth.
The document summarizes an experiment that tested the long-term and short-term memory abilities of domestic rabbits. For the long-term memory test, rabbits were run through a multiple T-maze over three weeks to see if they could remember the maze pattern. Their times decreased significantly from week to week. For the short-term memory test, rabbits were exposed to novel objects but showed no response, making the results inconclusive. Limitations included small sample sizes and challenges with the maze design and handling of rabbits. Future research could improve on these aspects to better understand rabbit memory abilities.
This document provides information about classifying animals into vertebrates and invertebrates. It defines vertebrates as having backbones and lists the five classifications of vertebrates as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Invertebrates are defined as not having backbones, with the most common types being protozoa, annelids, echinoderms, mollusks, and arthropods. Examples are given for common vertebrate and invertebrate animals, with interesting facts provided. The document concludes by listing references used to research the topic.
The document describes an experiment to test human balance with eyes open versus eyes closed. A volunteer balances on one foot on a piece of wood for up to 3 minutes with their eyes open, then closed, repeating for each foot. The experiment is repeated 2-3 times. The average length of time balancing is recorded for eyes open and closed to compare human balance abilities with and without sight.
The document describes an experiment to test how darkness affects one's ability to walk in a straight line. Participants stand at one end of an empty room and are tasked with walking in a straight line to reach an object placed on the opposite wall with their eyes either open or closed/blindfolded. The results are then recorded to see if darkness makes it harder to walk a straight path without vision.
This document summarizes Hans Kruuk's research on the mobbing behavior of black-headed gulls. Kruuk hypothesized that mobbing distracted predators, reducing the likelihood they would find the gulls' offspring and boosting the fitness of mobbing parents. Kruuk found mobbing benefits outweighed costs, as mobbing gulls were rarely killed by crows. The document also discusses other examples of antipredator behaviors and how costs and benefits influence the evolution of these behaviors.
1) Animals evolve preferences for certain habitats over others because reproductive success is often higher in some habitats than others.
2) Habitat selection is illustrated by European great tits preferring woodlands over hedgerows for nesting. Individuals that can acquire preferred habitats tend to leave more descendants.
3) Male mammals generally disperse farther than females to avoid inbreeding and competition with other males for mates. Dispersal distances in species like Belding's ground squirrels and behaviors in species like lions also reflect efforts to avoid inbreeding.
Von Uexkull's research on ticks showed that their world is reduced to sensing three cues: the smell of butyric acid from mammals, warmth from skin contact, and the feeling of a warm liquid while feeding. This demonstrated that an animal's perception is defined by its sensory abilities and how it processes this limited information. Other animals have senses that allow them to perceive aspects of the world that humans cannot, like snakes detecting infrared radiation, bees seeing ultraviolet light, or electric fish using electric fields to navigate and communicate.
Fossils provide evidence about Earth's history by allowing geologists to correlate and date sedimentary rock layers. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient plants and animals. Index fossils, which existed for short periods of time, are particularly useful for correlating rock layers between locations. By comparing fossil assemblages, geologists can match rock layers of the same age, even when exposed in different areas. For example, fossils found in the Grand Canyon's Redwall Limestone layer match fossils found in Indiana and Kentucky, indicating all were deposited at the same time approximately 350 million years ago. Radiometric dating techniques like potassium-argon dating also provide numerical dates for when igneous and metamorphic rocks formed
1) Geologic time is measured in intervals of thousands, millions, or billions of years rather than using biblical ages.
2) James Ussher concluded in 1650 that God created Earth on October 22, 4004 BC, but Nicholas Steno initiated determining Earth's age scientifically in the late 1600s.
3) James Hutton developed the modern concept of geologic time and uniformitarianism, proposing that slow geologic processes seen today also operated in the past, implying a much older Earth than 6000 years.
Granite is an igneous rock composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, and usually hornblende. These minerals slowly crystallized as magma cooled below Earth's surface. Rocks are made up of minerals, which are natural solids composed of elements like oxygen and silicon bonded together. The character of a rock depends on the atomic structures and bonding of its minerals. Atoms are the basic building blocks of elements and can bond through ionic or covalent bonds to form minerals, rocks, and the continuous rock cycle.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
2. Focus on the Hippocampus
• The hippocampus is a part of the forebrain, located in the
medial temporal lobe. It belongs to the limbic system and
plays major roles in short-term memory and spatial
navigation (see Alcock, Chapter 4, pages 130-133).
• Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in
each side (hemisphere) of the brain. In rodents, where it
has been studied most extensively, the hippocampus is
shaped something like a banana. In humans it has a curved
and convoluted shape that reminded early anatomists of a
seahorse. The name, in fact, derives from the Greek word
for seahorse (hippos [horse] + kampos [sea monster]).
3. Hippocampus (Cont’d)
• The results of a large number of studies on the
vertebrate hippocampus suggest that this area of
the brain is linked to the ability of the individual
to utilize spatial information.
• Neurobiological studies indicate that specific areas
or cells of the organ provide very specific
information about the location of an individual.
• Lesion studies reveal that damage to the
hippocampus results in impaired spatial ability.
4. Hippocampus (Cont’d)
• Information collected via electrodes from individual cells
within the hippocampus of free-moving rats has revealed a
class of cells now called “place cells.”
• Experimenters have discovered the each of these cells is
sporadically active as the rat navigates its environment.
• However the cells’ activity is far from random: each cell
fires maximally when the rat reaches a particular location.
• The cells don’t appear to respond to location in space, but
to particular landmarks, or combinations of landmarks that
have a particular spatial relationship to the current position
of the animal.
5. Hippocampus (Cont’d)
• In Alzheimer’s disease the hippocampus is one of the first
regions of the brain to suffer damage; memory problems
and disorientation appear among the first symptoms.
6. Enlarged Hippocampi
(Alcock, p. 131-132
• Prediction: human brains, as well as those of food-storing birds,
should possess and enlarged hippocampus that give them the
spatial memory needed to survive.
• London taxi drivers: the average posterior hippocampal size was
larger than in a comparable group of non-taxi-driving men. The
more years of taxi driving (the more navigational experience), the
larger the posterior hippocampus.
7. The Hippocampal Complex in Food-Storing Birds
(D.F. Sherry, A.L. Vaccarino, K.Buckenham, R. Her, 1989)
• Three families of North American passerines - chickadees,
nuthatches and jays - store food. Previous research has
shown that memory for the spatial locations of caches is
the principal mechanism of cache recovery.
• It has also been shown that the hippocampal complex
(hippocampus and area parahippocampalis) plays an
important role in memory for cache sites.
• The hippocampal complex is larger in food-storing birds
than in non-food-storing birds. This difference is greater
than expected.
• Natural selection has led to a larger hippocampal complex
in birds that rely on memory to recover spatially dispersed
food caches.
8. Enlarged Hippocampus
• European marsh tits (Parus palustris) are avid food
hoarding birds that might store 50-100 seeds in a single
morning. These birds can remember where a food item
was hidden, what kind of food it was, and whether or not
the cache has been used.
• The closely related blue tit (P. caeruleus) does not hoard
food and so presumably does not have the same spatial
memory needs (tits are related to chickadees & titmice).
• Juvenile marsh tits and blue tits have similar hippocampal
volumes (as neither stored seeds), but adult marsh tits have
much greater volumes—indicating that hippocampal
enlargement does not happen util the birds begin to
experience food-storing behavior.
10. Hippocampal Injury
Disrupts Navigation
• Rats subjected to hippocampal damage lose the ability to
solve mazes.
• Homing pigeons subjected to such damage also have
disrupted spatial ability.
---Lesioned pigeons released 30+ km from their home loft
were unable to home even if they were familiar with the
release site;
---but the pigeons did set off in the right direction, so the
hippocampus doesn’t seem to be involved in their compass
sense.
---Such results suggest that the hippocampus is involved in
both the acquisition, storage and retrieval of spatial
information.
11. digger wasp Navigation
• Navigation: the science of getting…from place to place;
esp: the method of determining position, course, and
distance traveled. (Merriam-Webster, 1987)
• Niko Tinbergen’s classic experiment involving the digger
wasp:
---the female wasp is able to return directly to her tiny nest
burrow in the ground after a provisioning flight because
she first memorizes the relative positions of landmark
objects;
---NT surrounded a wasp nest burrow with pine cones; then,
after the wasp had emerged from the entrance and flown
away, he moved the ring of cones a short distance away so
that the entrance now was outside the ring.
12. Digger Wasp Experiment
(Cont’d)
---The returning wasp flew directly
to the center of the cone ring, not to
the entrance of the burrow only a
few feet away.
---She searched in vain for the
opening in the middle of the ring.
14. Digger Wasp Experiment
(Cont’d)
• Wasps of the genus Sphex (commonly known as digger
wasps) are predators that sting and paralyze prey insects.
There are over 130 known digger wasp species.
• In preparation for egg laying they construct a protected
"nest" (some species dig nests in the ground, while others
use pre-existing holes) and then stock it with captured
insects.
• Typically the prey are left alive, but paralyzed by wasp
toxins. The wasps lay their eggs in the provisioned nest.
When the wasp larvae hatch, they feed on the paralyzed
insects.
15. Trail Laying
• Trail laying and trail following as a navigational method
are common throughout the animal kingdom.
• Ants use pheromone trails as a method by which many
foragers can efficiently exploit a new food source.
• When it finds a food source too large to exploit alone, a
foraging ant returns quickly, and by a very direct route to
its nest; as it does so it deposits a pheromone trail on the
ground behind it.
• At the nest the returning individual performs stereotype
behaviors designed to recruit others to the food source.
16. Ants Trail Laying
• By following the pheromone trail these recruits are able to
go directly to the food source, and, as each of them returns,
they too deposit pheromones and the trail is reinforced.
• As the food source is exhausted the ants will stop returning
and no trail reinforcement will take place; the trail quickly
disappears so no ants waste time following it to no reward.
17. Dead Reckoning
• Dead reckoning. 1: the determination without the
aid of celestial observations of the position of a
ship or aircraft from the record of the courses
sailed or flown, the distance made, and the known
or estimated drift. 2: GUESSWORK (Merriam
Webster, 1987).
• Dead reckoning. A corruption of the term
“deduced reckoning” and refers to an individual’s
ability to deduce its current position in relation to
another location by taking into account the
direction(s) and the distance that it has traveled
between the two (G. Scott, 2005).
18. Deduced Direction & Distance
• Ants, in common with a number of other species,
rely upon external cues to guide them to their
ultimate destination.
• Desert ants appear to use global environmental
cues rather than local landmarks by which to
navigate—they use the sun, or more precisely, the
angle between the direction of movement and the
position of the sun relative to the horizontal plane;
they take into account the movement of the sun
across the sky as the day progresses (a kind of
built-in computer system).
20. Japanese Wood Ants
• Japanese wood ants, on the other hand, use visual
landmarks in preference to chemical trails or
celestial cues.
• Researchers, employing various kinds of visual
barriers blocking landmarks, have demonstrated
that Japanese wood ants use features of the skyline
(prominent tree tops, for example) as navigational
guides.
• The ants in the experiments wandered until they
could reach a position whereby they could see
once again the cueing landmarks.
22. Ant Visual Landmarks
• Ants will regularly stop, turn, and stare at a
prominent landmark feature as they move away
from it during a foraging trip.
• It is thought that during these “learning walks” the
ants commit to memory key objects in their visual
field; on subsequent trips they can compare these
snapshot memories with actual views.
• In this way they are able to deduce information
about the distance and direction of their goal.
23. Japanese Ant Path Directions:
With and Without Obstructions
X = release point N = nest
• X------------------------------------------- N
• X-----------------------<E [obstr. on ground]
• X------<E [obstr. just off ground]E>--N
E------
4. X--<E--------E>[obstr. higher----------N
E------/ off ground]
24. Cognitive Maps
• The ability of an animal to define various
locations within its environment and then
integrate this information is the basis of a
cognitive map.
• Cognitive maps enable animals to plot
routes through their surroundings based
upon information they have stored in the
mental map.
25. Rat Cognitive Map
(R. Morris’ Experiment)
• Rats can be trained to swim through opaque water to the
safety of a platform that is invisible to them because its
surface is just a fraction below water level.
• When a rat is introduced to the water at a novel location,
but the platform is in the same location, it swims directly
to the platform--it has used its cognitive map to deduce
where the platform is still located.
• When the platform is relocated, however, the rat carries
out an exhaustive, wandering search of the area where it
expected to find the platform, before swimming elsewhere
and actually finding it.
26. Swimming Rat
X=Start Point; [ ]=Platform
A. X………
…………………………….. [ ]
B /……………………...[ ]
X……./
/…
/……
G. [ ] …… /……../ /…….X
………/ ../
……../
……/
28. Homing and Racing Pigeons
• Homing and racing pigeons are regularly taken by their
owners to release sites hundreds of miles from their home
lofts, and, and, amazingly, the vast majority of the birds
are able to quickly return home without any prior
experience of the journey they undertake (see Alcock,
Chapter 4, pages 133-134, esp. Fig. 4.40).
• To do this they need to determine their current position
and their position relative to home (an internal map sense).
• Next they need to know in which direction to fly and how
far to fly; for this they need an internal compass sense and
a means of measuring distance.
31. Homing & Racing Pigeons
(Cont’d)
• Evidence points to the fact that the position of the
sun is used by pigeons as a compass.
• The birds relate the position of the sun in the sky
to their internal body clock and find the compass
bearing that takes them home.
• On cloudy days or at night pigeons are able to use
a magnetic sense by which to orient.
• Attaching a magnet to a pigeon on a cloudy day is
sufficient to disrupt its homing ability (but not on
a sunny day).
33. Homing & Racing Pigeons
(Cont’d)
• Regarding the map, pigeons are able to make use of visual
features in the landscape to guide them home, especially if
they are in the vicinity of their loft.
• There is some evidence that pigeons can hear ultra-low
frequency cues radiating from steep-sided topographic
features.
• The most convincing evidence for the basis of the pigeon
map relates to the birds’ sense of smell.
• Pigeons that have be “smell-blinded” are unable to
navigate home over a large distance. Similarly, birds raised
in a loft with air funneled in from a 90 degree direction
from the normal, natural flow learn an inappropriate
olfactory map and are unable to navigate correctly away
from home.
35. Salmon Life Cycle
• The salmon life cycle
involves traveling 1000s
of miles, from breeding
rivers and fresh water to
saltwater ocean
maturation areas and back
again. Salmon are known
for their sense of smell to
home in on their spawning
grounds.
36. Green Sea Turtles
(see Alcock, p. 137-139, esp. Figs. 4.45 and 4.46)
• Green sea turtles range throughout the tropical and
subtropical seas around the world, with two distinct
populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
• Green sea turtles travel thousands of miles from their
nesting beaches to feeding areas on their annual
migrations.
• One population that nests in the middle of the Atlantic, on
Ascension Island, travels westward to feeding zones along
the Brazilian coasts, then back again to Ascension.
37. Green Sea Turtle Migration
(Cont’d)
• Scientists hypothesized that green sea turtles may
be using cues from the earth’s magnetic field.
• Lines of magnetic force could in theory be used by
turtles to construct an internal map.
• Experimental manipulation of the magnetic field
did affect green sea turtle navigation; the turtles
adjusted in a predictable fashion to realignments
of the magnetic field
• Conclusion: green sea turtles are indeed
geomagnetic map navigators.
39. Navigation in Short
• The ability of individuals to navigate over long distances,
including migratory movements, involves using the same
cues as they do during other forms of navigation.
• It is known that the sun, stars, polarized light fields are
used as compasses by birds.
• Salmon employ a keen sense of smell; monarch butterflies
use ultraviolet radiation as well as polarized light.
• Landmark recognition is crucial for many species.
• So, depending on the species, one cue may be predominant
over another in one circumstance, but not another.
• And integration of cues must occur for decisions to be
made on the direction of movement.
40. Genetics of Migration
• The European blackcap warbler experiments indicate that
there are innate components to migratory navigation.
• Southwest German blackcaps southwest migratory
orientation is toward Spain.
• Austrian blackcaps migrate southeast through the Balkans
and Turkey.
• Individual from these two populations were bred together
to produce hybrids: the hybrids migratory orientation
favored a more due south direction, not southwest as in the
case of one set of parents, or southeast in the case of the
other set.
41. European Blackcap Warbler
• Via breeding hybrids
by crossing S.W.
German with Austrian
warblers, Peter
Berthold and Andreas
Helbig demonstrated a
genetic preference to
migratory direction
42. Genetics of Migration (Cont’d)
• During the period of their migration birds exhibit
migratory restlessness or zugenrhue.
• Under confinement some species of birds will
attempt to fly in the direction of their preferred
migratory route if they are kept in funnel shaped
cages with wide tops that provide a view of the
night sky (the starry map by which the birds use to
determine direction).