This document discusses key concepts around biodiversity and population ecology. It defines biodiversity as the variety of living organisms within an environment. Biodiversity is important as it sustains the flow of energy through food webs. Species provide direct economic value through resources like food and medicine, and indirect economic value through ecosystem services. A population's size is determined by its natality and mortality rates. Population growth is limited by density-independent factors like disasters and density-dependent factors like competition for resources when the population reaches the carrying capacity.

1. Good Afternoon
Preparedby:Sir

2. Review:
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E V O L U T I O N

3. C H A R L E S
D A R W I N
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4. F O S S I L S
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6. Processing Questions.
1. Have you already watch this
movie?
2. What have you observed in the
video?
3. What do you think is the
lesson you can get in this movie?
4. How can you protect these
kinds of species?

7. What is Biodiversity?
• Degree of the variation
of living organisms in a
particular environment.
Examples of areas with
great biodiversity;
• Rainforests
• Coral Reefs
• Describes how varied
living things are in a
specific area.

8. Organisms
• Parts of biodiversity
• May be economically and ecologically
valuable.
• Their products can be source of
FOODS
CLOTHING
MEDICINE
SHELTER
ENERGY

9. The value of species can be divided into various categories.
1.Direct Economic
Value
2.Indirect Economic
Value
3.Aesthetic Value

10. Direct Economic Value
• Species are the
sources of the basic
need of human such as
food, clothing,
shelter, medicine, and
energy.

11. Indirect Economic Value
• Species has an
indirect economic
value if there are
benefits produced
by the organisms
without using
them.

12. Aesthetic Value
• Lot of species provides
visual or artistic or
enjoyment.

13. Activity 1: Classifying the Value of
Biodiversity
•As a group, you are going to think of a specific area or
ecosystem.
•You will list down the organisms found in that area
and describe the value of the organism.
• Then you will classify the value by putting a happy
face 🙂 on the space under the correct column

15. Why Biodiversity is
Important?
• It sustains
through flow of
energy the food
web on earth.
• Contributes to
environmental
stability

16. Population
• Group of organisms of
the same species that
live in a certain area.
• Ecologist regularly
monitor the numbers
of organisms in many
populations.

17. Why population’s size increasing or decreasing?
NATALITY MORTALITY

18. Natality
• The number of births
in a population.
• If the birth rate is
greater than the death
rate, population will
grow.

19. Mortality
• The number of
organisms that are dying
in a population.
• If the death rate is
greater than the
birthrate, then the
population will decrease.

20. Population Growth
• A population's growth is limited by
two general factors:
DENSITY-INDEPENDENT
FACTORS
DENSITY-DEPENDENT FACTORS

21. Density-Independent limiting
factors
• Factors like natural disasters,
temperature, sunlight, and
activities of humans in the
environment.
• Natural disasters such as
tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and fires will
stop a population from growing
no matter how many organisms
are living in a certain area.

22. Density-Dependent Limiting Factors
• Come into play when a
population reaches a
certain number of
organisms.
• For example, when
population reaches a
certain size, there
won’t be enough
resources (food,
shelter, water) for all
the organisms.
• Causes the population to stop growing
when it reaches the maximum no. of
organisms that can be supported or
“carried” by the environment.

23. Graph Analysis
• What is the
carrying capacity?
Why?
• What have you
noticed with the
population of goat
between mid-May
and mid-June?

24. Exponential Growth
• Before a population
reaches its carrying
capacity, it experiences
a period of rapid
growth.
• During this period there
are plenty of resources
available for all
organisms, so
• More births are
recorded than deaths in
organisms.

25. Logistic Growth
• If the resources is
limited.
• Population growth
stops when it
reaches the carrying
capacity of the
environment.

26. Limiting Factors that
depend on Population
Density

27. 1. Diseases and Parasites
Infectious diseases and parasites
spread faster in densely
populated area.

28. 2. Competition for Resources
Organisms with better
adaptation to obtain resources
will be able to reproduce more
of often, and its population will
grow.
The organisms that have limited
ability to compete for the
resources will not reproduce as
often, may not be fit enough to
live long, and can cause their
population to decrease

29. 3. Predation
Plenty of prey are
available, predators
will be able to eat
sufficiently.
The population of the
prey will begin to
decrease and the
predators population
will eventually reach
carrying capacity.

30. 4. Emigration
It occurs when, as a
population approaches
its carrying capacity,
and individual organisms
leave and go to new
area where they can
find enough resources
for survival and
reproduction.
This will obviously cause
a decrease in the
amount of organisms in
a population.