G10 Earth Science Review

K-12 Science Curriculum
Grade 10 Earth and Space
Rovel R. Salcedo Norman S. Valeroso
Merly A. Razon Herma D. Acosta
Cherry Ann D. Into & Eligio C. Obille Jr.
EDITED BY: JEVY DACUNES-CARBONQUILLO

Overview
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
What is Science?
• Science- The system of acquiring
knowledge through systematic
experimentation and methodology.
The search for truth and knowledge.

3 Main Branches of Science
Life Physical Earth/Space

Overview
Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
Earthquakes
& volcanic
eruptions
The
Philippine
Environment
Earthquakes &
faults
Volcanoes
Plate
tectonics
Weather
patterns
Interactions
in the
atmosphere
Understanding
typhoons Climate
Motions of
the Earth;
The solar
system
Seasons &
eclipses
Other
members of
the Solar
System
Constellations

Geology Overview
Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6
Describe what makes up the
environment in the
community.
Different landforms
Bodies of water
Focus on two components of the
environment: soil & water.
Classify soils using simple criteria.
Identify the different sources of water
in the community.
Infer importance of water in daily
activities.
Describe ways of using water wisely.
The environment does not stay
the same forever. The surface of
the Earth changes with the
passage of time.
Rocks undergo weathering,
forming soil.
Soil is carried away by erosion.
Other processes that change the
surface of the Earth:
earthquakes & volcanic
eruptions.
Note: only the effects of
earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions are taken up in this
grade level, not the causes
(which will be tackled in Grades 8
and 9).
Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10
Focus on the environment of
the Philippines as a whole.
The country’s location near
the equator and along the
Ring of Fire influences what
makes up the Philippine
environment (e.g., climate,
natural resources).
Locate places using a
coordinate system.
Because it is located along the Ring of
Fire, the Philippines is prone to
earthquakes.
Using models, explain how quakes are
generated by faults.
Using PHIVOLCS maps, find out if there
are active faults in the community.
Because it is located along the
Ring of Fire, the Philippines is
home to many volcanoes.
Using models, explain what
happens when volcanoes erupt.
Describe the different types of
volcanoes.
Differentiate active volcanoes
from inactive ones.
Explain how energy from
volcanoes may be tapped for
human use.
Focus on plate tectonics, a
theory that explains many
geologic processes, such as
volcanism, earthquakes, and
mountain building.
Discover that volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters, and
mountain ranges are not
randomly scattered in different
places but are located in the
same areas.

Overview
Unlike in previous grade levels, there
is only one strand in the Earth and Space
unit of Grade 10: GEOLOGY.
Module 1: PLATE TECTONICS
Module 2: EARTH’S INTERIOR

Module 1: Plate
Tectonics

Module 1: Plate Tectonics
• Describe the distribution of active
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters,
and major mountain belts.
• Describe the different types of plate
boundaries.
• Explain the different processes that
occur along plate boundaries.

Activities in Module 1
Activity 1 Find the Center
Activity 2 Let’s Mark the Boundaries
Activity 3 Head-on Collision
Activity 4 Going Separate ways
Activity 5 Slide and Shake
Activity 6 Drop it Like its “Hot Spot”

Reading Resources
and Instructional
Activities

What is Plate Tectonics?
• Earth’s lithosphere consists of
layers, the crust and the upper
part of the mantle.

• This part of the module will focus
on the outermost layer which is
called crust.

2 Types of Plates
• Ocean plates - plates below the
oceans which are relatively
thinner but denser than
continental crust.
• Continental plates - plates below
the continents which are thicker
but less dense.

The crust is made of a variety of
solid rocks like sedimentary,
metamorphic, and igneous. It has
an average density of 2.8 g/cm3
and its thickness ranges from 5 to
50 km.

The crust is thickest in a part where
a relatively young mountain is
present and thinnest along the
ocean floor.

According to the plate tectonics
model, the entire lithosphere of
the Earth is broken into
numerous segments called
plates.

Activity 1: Find the
Center

Activity 1: Find the Center
Objective:
Locate the epicenter of an
earthquake using the triangulation
method.

Materials:
• hypothetical records of earthquake
waves
• Philippine map
• drawing compass and ruler
• Scissors
• Pentel pens ( black, blue, red)

Procedure:
1. Study the data showing the
difference in the arrival time of P-
wave and S-wave on three seismic
recording stations.

.

3. Choose one of the recording
stations and measure the computed
distance on the map scale (the scale
of the map in Figure 3 is 1.5 cm:
200 km). Set your compass for that
computed distance.

4. Center your compass on the
station you have chosen. Draw a
circle.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the rest
of the stations. You should get three
circles that intersect or nearly
intersect at a point. This intersection
is the epicenter.

In the previous activity, the
hypothetical earthquake happened
locally, that is why we use the
formula stated in the procedure. But,
if the earthquake took place at a far
greater distance, seismologists use
the distance-time graph similar to the
figure below in determining the
location of the epicenter.

The distance-time graph above
shows that the S-P interval is about
10 minutes.
Q3. What is the distance of the
epicenter from the seismic station?
Q4. What do you think is the
importance of determining the
epicenter of an earthquake?

Determining the location of
earthquake epicenters plays a vital
role in laying the foundations of
plate tectonics. Let us see how
early geologists used the plotted
positions of earthquake epicenters
throughout the world in
conceptualizing crustal
movements.

Activity 2: Let’s Mark the Boundaries
Materials
 Figure 5 Map of Earthquake distribution
 Figure 6 Map of Active Volcanoes of the
world.
 Figure 7 Mountain ranges of the world
 transparent plastic sheet used for book
cover, same size as a book page (2
sheets)
 marking pens (two different colors).

1. Trace the locations of the earthquake
epicenters on a plastic sheet using a
marking pen.
2. On another plastic sheet, trace the
locations of volcanoes using the other
marking pen.
3. Place the earthquake plastic sheet on top
of the volcano plastic sheet.
4. Place the two plastic sheets on top of the
map of mountain ranges.

5. Study the map of plate boundaries.
What do you think is the basis of
scientists in dividing the Earth’s
lithosphere into several plates?

Distribution of quakes
equal or greater than M5 (1980-1990)

Location of some of
Earth’s major volcanoes

Earth’s major mountain chains

Activity 2: Plate Boundary Model

Activity 3: Convection Currents
Materials
 300 mL cooking oil
 powdered colored chalk
 paper funnel
 500 mL beaker
 stirring rod
 alcohol lamp
 tripod
 match
Procedure

Activity 3: Convection Currents
1. Describe step-by-step what happens.
2. Use illustrations to record what
happened.
3. Give an explanation for your
observations.

Key Concepts

Activity 2:
Let’s Mark the
Boundaries

Activity 3: Head-on
Collision

Activity 4:
Going Separate
ways

Activity 5:
Slide and Shake

Activity 6:
Drop it Like its
“Hot Spot”

Module 2:
Earth’s Interior

Module 2: Earth’s Interior
• Describe the internal structure of
the Earth.
• Describe the possible causes of plate
movement.
• Enumerate the lines of evidence that
support plate movement.

Activities in Module 2
Activity 1 Amazing Waves!
Activity 2 Our Dynamic Earth
Activity 3 Let’s Fit It!
Activity 4 Drifted Supercontinent!
Activity 5 Split and Separate!
Activity 6 How fast does it go!
Activity 7 Push me up and aside!

Food for Thought
Try to learn something about everything and
everything about something.
-Thomas Huxley

G10 Earth Science Review

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