Management can be viewed as a science, an art, or a profession. As a science, management involves systematic knowledge gained from observation, experiments, and verification to establish cause-and-effect relationships. As an art, management requires personal skills and practical knowledge to apply a body of knowledge to achieve specific tasks through practice and creativity. As a profession, management involves specialized knowledge, skills, and training acquired through formal methods to serve society's interests above economic concerns, with representative associations and codes of conduct.

1. Management : A Science or An Art