The document discusses ecosystems and food chains. It defines an ecosystem as all the living and nonliving things in an area that interact, including abiotic factors like water, minerals, sunlight, and air, as well as biotic factors like plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. It provides an example food chain of the sun providing energy to grass which is eaten by zebras which are eaten by lions. It also explains that a food chain shows the transfer of energy from organisms that produce food through a series of consumers up to apex predators.

1. Science
Made By: Hana Saad

2. The Ecosystem
What is a Ecosystem •
What or who do you interact with everyday? •
Living things and nonliving things interact in an
ecosystem. An ecosystem is all the living and
nonliving things in an area . Ecology is the study
.of how all these things interact in order to survive
An ecosystem may be very small, such as •
backyard or pond. Some ecosystems, like the
pirarie ecosystem of North America, the deserts of
africa , and rain forests of Brazil, cover large
. areas of country or Contient

3. Abiotic factors
The nonliving things parts of an ecoysystem is
Abiotic factors. All living things need certain nonliving
things in order to survive. Abiotic factors include
.water,minerals,sunlight,air,climate,and soil
All organisms ,or living things, need water. Their
bodies are 50 to 95 percent water. The procces that
keep living things alive _____ like photosenthesis and
respiration__ can only take place in the presence of
water. Living things also need minerals, such as
calcium,iron,phosphorus, and nitrogion, some living
.things ,like plants and algee need sunlight to make food

5. Abiotic Factors

6. Biotic Factors •
The Right abiotic factors help make it possible for •
organisms in an ecosystem to survive. The living parts of
are animals ,plants, fungi , protists , and bacteria.
.Mushrooms and molds are examples of fungi
Plants and alagee are called producers . They •
produce oxygen and food that animals need . Animals
are consumers. Animals consume , or eat , plants or
animals. Animals also gibe off carbon dioxide that plants
need to make food. Fungi and bacteria are
decomposers. They decompose, or break down, dead
plants and animals into useful things like minerals that
.enrich soil

8. The Black Land Prairie
Blackland prairies and associated savanna, woodland and forest •
communities once covered
approximately 12 million acres in northeast and east central Texas, as •
well as southwest Arkansas, and
northwest Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. By 1975, only 100,000 •
acres of blackland remnants
remained with less than 5,000 acres considered to be of high quality. It •
is estimated that this rare
ecosystem historically spanned 321,000 acres in Arkansas. Surveys in •
1989 showed less than 14,826
acres remained in relatively natural condition. Row-crop agriculture, •
grazing, forestry, mining, and
urbanization have contributed to the loss of this unique landscape. •
Altered fire regimes, invasive plant
.species and habitat fragmentation pose major threats to remnants •
To understand why the blackland prairie ecosystem is so rare in •
Arkansas, you must know a little about
its geology. Millions of years ago, the Gulf of Mexico covered the •
southeastern United States. At one
time, portions of southern and eastern Arkansas were on the gulf •
.coast

9. A food chain is a diagram, of some sort, that •
describes how energy is passed from one living
thing to the other. Commonly, there are three or
four "levels" of a food chain - each level having
the capacity of only one living thing per food
chain. Level one usually contains a plant or tree
(or some other producer); level two usually
contains a herbivore or omnivore; level three
usually contains a carnivore; level four usually
contains humans, or a carnivore. An example of
a food chain: [Sun -> Grass -> Zebra -> Lion

10. The food chain is what animal eats what...like a bird eats grass •
then snake its bird then owl eats snake. So the owl is the king
of the food chain
A food chain is basically a diagram of who eats who the. An
example of a food chain is: The sun gives energy to the green
plant(this is called the producer) ie: grass, the grass is then ate
by the rabbit(which is known as a primary consumer) and then
the rabbit (called the secondary consumer) is then eaten by the
fox (called the carnivore). The Sun will be the start of any food
chain then will come the producer then the primary consumer,
then the secondary consumer, then will come the carnivore at
the top of the food chain If there is 6 in the food chain it will go
like this: the Sun will start the food chain, the producer will
come next, then will come the primary consumer, next will
come the seconday consumer, after that will come the tertiary
. consumer and finally the carnivore at the top of the food chain

11. This is the Blackland Prairie

12. Questions
Interactions of Living Things •
A flowchart is a good way to show a sequence of events. •
The events listed below are the sequence of event in a
food chain. Read the first event in the first box. Then
follow the arrows to the next event in the second box,
.and so on until you have read all the events
The sun gives off energy. 2. Producers use . 1 •
sunlight to make food. 3. Primary consumers eat plants
to stay alive. 4. Secondary consumers get energy by
eating other consumers. 5. After consumer die,
decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down their
.remains into chemicals