Philippines: School Plant and Facilities -School Buildings: designs from old to new + PAGCOR designed buildings -Design of School Buildings -Design Guidelines -Design Requirements -Building Risk Reduction Requirements -Building Risk Reduction Requirements for Parts of a School Building and Amenities

1. School Plant and Facilities

2. School Plant and Facilities
Christian Paul Peligro

3. School Buildings

4. School Buildings
Designs from Old to New

16. PAGCOR Designed Buildings

26. 3 Storey 9 CL

28. 3 Storey 15 CL

32. THE DESIGN OF SCHOOL
BUILDINGS

33. THE DESIGN OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Everyone wants safe and affordable schools
that function well, that is, they must respond
to three (3) basic needs: security, identity, and
opportunity.

34. THE DESIGN OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Most school buildings answer students’
identity needs. A well-designed school
encourages better student performance and
makes a lasting impression to the community
about the importance of education.

35. THE DESIGN OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS
In the Philippines, in view of budgetary
limitations, these basic needs are taken into
account in any renovation or new building
plans, thus design guidelines have to be
considered.

36. Design Guidelines

37. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:

38. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
a. A school building shall be designed in
accordance with its functions, needs of its
user, and the nature of the environment.

39. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
b. In view of scarce resources, a school
building shall be conceived for economy in
construction, utilization and maintenance.

40. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
c. The design approach shall be straight
forward, relying upon simplicity of concept in
the context of innovation to reflect order and
dignity, ensure flexibility in anticipation of
educational change, and achieve structural
stability.

41. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
d. Human dimensions, static and dynamic,
specifically with reference to Filipino children
and youth, shall be the basis for establishing
scale.

42. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
e. Aesthetic elements shall be integral to the
overall design and even given contemporary
treatment, shall derive from historical,
traditional or native themes.

43. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
f. The use of indigenous or locally produced
materials shall be maximized in conjunction
with the application of appropriate
construction technology.

44. Design Guidelines
The following general guidelines shall be
observed in the design of school buildings:
g. Provision for mobility of
handicapped/disabled persons shall be given
due consideration in the design and
construction of school buildings and other
facilities in accordance with Batas Pambansa
Bilang 344. (Accessibility Law).

45. Design Guidelines
The foregoing guidelines are intended to
complement accepted architectural and
engineering principles, and the provisions of
the National Building Code of the Philippines,
and other relevant rules, regulations and
ordinance promulgated by the national and
local agencies.

46. Design Guidelines
In designing school buildings, consideration of
ergonomics, anthropometrics, thermal
comfort, illumination, acoustics and colors,
are very significant.

47. Design Requirements

48. Design Requirements
The following pertinent requirements
prescribed in the National Building Code of
the Philippines shall be considered in the
design of school buildings:

49. Design Requirements
a. Windows. Window openings shall be equal to or at least
ten (10) percent of the floor area of the room, provided
that such opening shall be not less than one square meter,
except those in toilets and baths which shall be not less
than one-twentieth of the floor area of such rooms, or not
less than 240 square millimeters. Steel casement for
windows using plain GI sheets can be used to resist strong
wind from entering inside the building that creates an uplift
force that blow up roofs. GI sheets are connected by rivets
and non-sag marine epoxy over 85 steel window frames. All
glass windows easily breaks and can cause injury to
occupants inside when broken by strong winds. (Engr. Rodel
Veneracion, Plan Philippines)

50. Design Requirements
b. Ceiling Height. The ceiling height of rooms
with natural ventilation shall be not less than
2.70 meters measured from the floor to the
ceiling; rooms provided with artificial
ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less
than 2.40 meters.

51. Design Requirements
c. Floor Construction. All floors shall be so
framed and secured into the framework and
supporting walls so as to form an integral part
of the whole building; the type of floor
construction used shall provide means to keep
the beam and girders from lateral buckling.

52. Design Requirements
d. Roof Construction. All roofs shall be so framed
and tied into the framework and supporting walls
so as to form an integral part of the whole
building; dark stops, roof drains, flushing, etc.,
shall be provided. Purlins can be made up of
angle bars instead of the conventional C-purlins
where text screws easily loosened resulting in
detachment of roofs. The thickness of the angle
bar serves as a knot, holding text screws firmly.
Purlins are securely welded to steel trusses
creating a sturdy roof framework. (Engr. Rodel
Veneracion, Plan Philippines)

53. Design Requirements
e. Exit Doors. At least two (2) exit doors are
required where the number of room
occupants is over 50 in the case of classrooms,
conference rooms, exhibit rooms, gymnasia,
school shops, vocational institutions,
laboratories, and auditorium; a door shall not
be less than 2.10 meters high and 900
millimeters wide.

54. Design Requirements
f. Door Shutters. Door shutters shall be swing
out and be capable of opening at least 90
degrees so that the clear width of the exit way
is not less than 700 millimeters. No door
shutter shall exceed 1.20 meters in width.

55. Design Requirements
g. Corridors. Every corridor shall not be less
than 1.10 meters wide and shall be
unobstructed.

56. Design Requirements
h. Stairways. Stairways serving an occupant
load of 50 or less must be 1.10 meters wide;
those serving more than 50 shall not be less
than 1.50 meters. The rise of every step shall
not exceed 200 millimeters and the tread shall
not be less than 250 millimeters. Handrails
shall be provided on each side of every
stairway having more than four steps.

57. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS

58. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
In designing and constructing school buildings, safety
and risk reduction measures shall always be
considered. Detailed engineering shall proceed only on
the basis of the feasibility or preliminary engineering
study made which establishes the technical viability of
the project and conformity to land use and zoning
guidelines prescribed by existing laws. The findings
contained in the feasibility study, if undertaken for the
project, shall be examined. If, in the course of the
exercise, as proposed, specific recommendations for
such changes shall be supported by detailed
justifications, including their effects on the cost, and if
(necessary) the economic justification.

59. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:

60. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
a. Survey

61. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
a. Survey
b. Site investigation

62. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
a. Survey
b. Site investigation
c. Foundation Investigation

63. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
a. Survey
b. Site investigation
c. Foundation Investigation
d. Soils and Materials Investigation

64. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
a. Survey
b. Site investigation
c. Foundation Investigation
d. Soils and Materials Investigation
e. Preparation of Design

65. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
f. Preparation of Specifications

66. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
f. Preparation of Specifications
g. Preparation of Quantity and Cost Estimates

67. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
f. Preparation of Specifications
g. Preparation of Quantity and Cost Estimates
h. Preparation of Program of Work

68. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
f. Preparation of Specifications
g. Preparation of Quantity and Cost Estimates
h. Preparation of Program of Work
i. Preparation of Proposed Construction
Schedule (and estimated Cash Flow for
projects with schedule over six (6) months

69. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans
Including Schedule of Acquisition

70. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans
Including Schedule of Acquisition
k. Preparation of Utility Relocation Plan

71. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities
shall include the following:
j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans
Including Schedule of Acquisition
k. Preparation of Utility Relocation Plan
l. Preparation and Submission of Design
Report

72. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall
include the following:
j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans
Including Schedule of Acquisition
k. Preparation of Utility Relocation Plan
l. Preparation and Submission of Design Report
m. Environmental Impact Statement For Major
Project

73. BUILDING RISK REDUCTION
REQUIREMENTS
A schedule of detailed engineering activities shall
include the following:
j. Preparation of Site or Right-Of-Way Plans
Including Schedule of Acquisition
k. Preparation of Utility Relocation Plan
l. Preparation and Submission of Design Report
m. Environmental Impact Statement For Major
Project
n. Preparation of Bid/Tender Documents

74. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES

75. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
1. Main Entrance/Gate

76. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
1. Main Entrance/Gate
a. Main entrance shall be located preferably
on a secondary road and must be designed
swing-in to the school property.

77. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
1. Main Entrance/Gate
a. Main entrance shall be located preferably
on a secondary road and must be designed
swing-in to the school property.
b. Provide separate service entrance for the
pupils/students and guests.

78. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
1. Main Entrance/Gate
a. Main entrance shall be located preferably
on a secondary road and must be designed
swing-in to the school property.
b. Provide separate service entrance for the
pupils/students and guests.
c. Main entrance shall provide enough
clearance for fire trucks and medical vehicles.

79. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
2. Electrical Fixtures

80. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
2. Electrical Fixtures
a. Require protective covering for all wirings
and fixtures.

81. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
2. Electrical Fixtures
a. Require protective covering for all wirings
and fixtures.
b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.

82. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
2. Electrical Fixtures
a. Require protective covering for all wirings
and fixtures.
b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.
c. Provide environment friendly fire
extinguishers;

83. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
2. Electrical Fixtures
a. Require protective covering for all wirings and
fixtures.
b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.
c. Provide environment friendly fire extinguishers;
d. Report any defective electrical wiring and
fixtures to experts ;

84. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
2. Electrical Fixtures
a. Require protective covering for all wirings and
fixtures.
b. Install a fire alarm system that is affordable.
c. Provide environment friendly fire extinguishers;
d. Report any defective electrical wiring and
fixtures to experts ;
e. Hang curtains in the classrooms away from
wall-mounted fans.

85. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
3. Stairs/Handrails

86. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
3. Stairs/Handrails
a. Distance between railings shall not be more
than 100 mm (4 inches) so that
pupils/students cannot squeeze through;

87. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
3. Stairs/Handrails
a. Distance between railings shall not be more
than 100 mm (4 inches) so that
pupils/students cannot squeeze through;
b. For abrupt change in floor elevation,
provide ramp to avoid freak accidents.

88. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
3. Stairs/Handrails
a. Distance between railings shall not be more
than 100 mm (4 inches) so that pupils/students
cannot squeeze through;
b. For abrupt change in floor elevation, provide
ramp to avoid freak accidents.
c. To minimize the chance of slipping, avoid
smooth or polished steps surfaces and provide
non-slip nosing.

89. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
3. Stairs/Handrails
a. Distance between railings shall not be more
than 100 mm (4 inches) so that pupils/students
cannot squeeze through;
b. For abrupt change in floor elevation, provide
ramp to avoid freak accidents.
c. To minimize the chance of slipping, avoid
smooth or polished steps surfaces and provide
non-slip nosing.
d. Always provide a landing with railings between
a doorway and a stairway.

90. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
4. Windows

91. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
4. Windows
Windows shall be provided with security grills
with emergency exit.

92. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
5. Doors/Exits

93. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
5. Doors/Exits
Classrooms shall always be provided with two
swing-out Doors at the opposite sides of the
classroom.

94. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
6. Walls

95. RISK REDUCTION REQUIREMENTS
FOR PARTS OF A SCHOOL BUILDING
AND AMENITIES
6. Walls
Walls shall be smooth finished to prevent
injury to highly active, playful and mobile
primary grades pupils.
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96. End