The document provides descriptions of 14 works of art and archaeological sites from around the world ranging in date from 30,000 BCE to 660 BCE. It includes summaries of cave paintings from the Chauvet Cave in France and the Lascaux Cave in France from approximately 30,000 BCE to 15,000 BCE. It also briefly describes reconstructed mammoth bone houses in Ukraine from 16,000-10,000 BCE and the Royal Standard of Ur from Mesopotamia from approximately 2600 BCE.

1. Wall painting: Horses, Chauvet Cave, Vallon-Pont-d’Arc, Ardèche gorge, France.
ca. 30,000 BCE. Paint on limestone cave wall. Approx. height: 6'.
Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Direction Régionale des Affaires
Culturelles de Rhone-Alpes. Service Régional de l’Archéologie. [Fig. 1.1]

2. Map: Major Paleolithic caves in France and Spain.
[Fig. Map 1.1]

3. Map: The Great River Valley Civilizations. ca. 2000 BCE.
[Fig. Map 1.2]

4. Wall painting with bird-headed man, bison, and rhinoceros,
Lascaux Cave, Dordogne, France.
ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE. Paint on limestone cave wall. Approx. length: 9'.
[Fig. 1.2]

5. Woman (Venus of Willendorf), found at Willendorf, Austria.
ca. 24,000-21,000 BCE. Limestone. Height: 4".
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. [Fig. 1.3]

6. Reconstruction of a mammoth-bone house, Mezhirich, Ukraine.
ca. 16,000-10,000 BCE. Mammoth bones.
Kiev Museum of Paleontology, Mezhirich, Ukraine. [Fig. 1.4]

7. Beaker with ibex, dogs, and long-necked birds, from Susa, southwest Iran.
ca. 5000–4000 BCE. Baked clay with painted decoration. Height: 11-1/4".
Musée du Louvre, Paris. [Fig. 1.5]

8. Head, Nok.
ca. 500-200 BCE. Terracotta. Height: 14-3/16".
Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 1.6]

9. Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England.
ca. 2750–1500 BCE.
[Fig. 1.7]

10. Durrington Walls in Relation to Stonehenge.
[Fig. Map 1.3]

11. San people. Wall painting: Giraffes, zebra, eland, and abstract shapes, Inanke, Matobo
National Park, Zimbabwe.
Before 1000 CE. Wall painting or rock art.
Photo: Christopher and Sally Gable © Dorling Kindersley. [Fig. 1.8]

12. Anasazi. Cliff dwelling: Spruce Tree House, Mesa Verde, Colorado, Anasazi culture.
ca. 1200-1300 CE.
[Fig. 1.9]

13. Anasazi. Diagram: Cribbed roof construction of a kiva at the Spruce Tree House, Mesa
Verde, Colorado, Anasazi culture.
ca. 1200-1300 CE. Sandstone brick, trees.
After a National Park Service pamphlet. [Fig. 1.10]

14. Kachina doll (Maalo). Hopi culture. Late nineteenth century. Wood, pigment, feathers,
fiber, string, 11-1/2 x 2-1/2". Brooklyn Musuem of Art. Museum Expedition 1904,
Museum Collection Fund, 04.297.5604. Creative Commons-BY-NC. [Fig. 1.11]

15. Shinto. Naiku (Inner) Shrine housing Amaterasu, Ise, Japan (periodically reconstructed).
Late 5th-early 6th century CE. Wood beams, thatched roof.
[Fig. 1.12]

16. The ziggurat at Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq). ca. 2100 BCE. Mud brick.
[Fig. 1.13]

17. Reconstruction drawing of the ziggurat at Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq).
ca. 2100 BCE.
[Fig. 1.14]

18. Sumerian. Dedicatory statues, from the Abu Temple, Tell Asmar, Iraq.
ca. 2900-2700 BCE.
Marble, alabaster, and gypsum. Tallest figure approx. 30" high.
Courtesy of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. [Fig. 1.15]

19. Map: Major Mesopatamian capitals. ca. 2600-500 BCE.
[Fig. Map 1.4]

20. Sumerian. Royal Standard of Ur, front (“War”) side, from tomb 779, cemetery at Ur
(modern Muqaiyir, Iraq).
ca. 2600 BCE. Shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, originally on a wooden framework.
Height: 8". Length: 19".
© The Trustees of The British Museum/Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 1.16a]

21. Sumerian. Royal Standard of Ur, back (“Peace”) side, from tomb 779, cemetery at Ur
(modern Muqaiyir, Iraq).
ca. 2600 BCE. Shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, originally on a wooden framework.
Height: 8". Length: 19".
© The Trustees of The British Museum/Art Resource, NY. [Fig. 1.16b]

22. Akkadian. Head of an Akkadian Man, from Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik, Iraq).
ca. 2300-2200 BCE. Copper alloy. Height: 14-1/8".
Iraq Museum, Baghdad. [Fig. 1.17]

23. Babylonian. Stele of Hammurabi, from Susa (modern Shush, Iran).
ca. 1760 BCE. Diorite. Height of stele: approx. 7'. Height of relief: 28".
Musée du Louvre, Paris. [Fig. 1.18]

24. Hebrew. Mosaic floor decorations: The Ark of the Covenant and sanctuary implements.
From Hammath, near Tiberias, Israel.
Fourth century CE. Mosaic.
Radovan/www.BibleLandPictures.com. Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem. [Fig. 1.19]

25. Map: The United Monarchy of Israel under David and Solomon.
ca. 1000 BCE.
[Fig. Map 1.5]

26. Persian. Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute. Detail, relief from a stairway leading to the
Apadana, ceremonial complex, Persepolis, Iran.
491-486 BCE. Limestone, originally painted & gilded. Height: 8' 4".
Iranbastan Museum, Teheran. [Fig. 1.20']

27. Egyptian. The pyramids of Menkaure (ca. 2470 BCE), Khafre (ca. 2500 BCE), and Khufu
(ca. 2530 BCE). 2530-2470 BCE.
[Fig. 1.21]

28. Map: Nile River Basin, with archeological sites in relation to modern Cairo.
[Fig. Map 1.6]

29. Egyptian. Nebamun Hunting Birds, from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes.
Dynasty 18, ca. 1400 BCE. Fresco on dry plaster. Height: approx. 2' 8".
The British Museum, London. [Fig. 1.22]

30. Chart: Some of the Principal Egyptian Gods (with color drawings).
[Fig. Table 1.1]

31. Egyptian. Menkaure with a Queen, probably Khamerernebty, from valley temple of
Menkaure, Giza.
Dynasty 4, ca. 2460 BCE. Schist. Height: 54-1/4".
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Harvard University-Boston Museum of Fine Arts, 1.1738.
Photograph © 2008 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. [Fig. 1.23]

32. Egyptian. Palette of Narmer (verso). From Hierakonpolis.
Dynasty 1, ca. 3000 BCE. Schist. Height: 25-1/4".
Egyptian Museum, Cairo. [Fig. 1-CL.1]

33. Egyptian. Palette of Narmer (recto). From Hierakonpolis.
Dynasty 1, ca. 3000 BCE. Schist. Height: 25-1/4".
Egyptian Museum, Cairo. [Fig. 1-CL.2]

34. Egyptian. Akhenaten and His Family, from Akhetaten (modern Tell el-Amarna).
Dynasty 18, ca. 1345 BCE. Painted limestone relief. 12-3/4" x 14-7/8".
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum. [Fig. 1.24]

35. Egyptian. Funerary mask of Tutankhamun.
Dynasty 18, ca. 1327 BCE. Gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones.
Height: 21-1/4".
Egyptian Museum, Cairo. [Fig. 1.25]

36. Egyptian. Montuemhet, from Karnak, Thebes. Granite, height 54".
ca. 660 BCE. Granite. Height: 54".
Egyptian Museum, Cairo. [Fig. 1.26]

37. Greek. Anavysos Kuoros, from Anavysos cemetary, near Athens.
ca. 525 BCE. Height: 6' 4".
National Archaeological Museum, Athens. [Fig. 1.27]

38. Polyclitus. Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), Roman copy after the original bronze.
ca. 450-440 BCE. Marble (after bronze original). Height: 6' 6".
Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. [Fig. 1.28]