The document discusses the fact-value problem in ethics. It covers perspectives from philosophers such as Hume, Moore, Ayer, and Hare. The fact-value problem concerns whether moral values can be derived from factual statements or if there is an inherent difference between facts and values. The document also discusses metaethics and attempts to address the fact-value problem through non-cognitivist theories like emotivism and prescriptivism, as well as potential naturalist perspectives.