This document presents information on Earth Hour and renewable energy sources as alternatives to fossil fuels to mitigate climate change. It summarizes that in 2012, over 400 cities and 50 million people participated in Earth Hour where major landmarks turned off their lights for an hour. It then discusses various renewable energy sources like solar, wind, tidal, hydroelectric, and geothermal that provide clean alternatives to non-renewable sources. The document advocates that increasing the use of renewable energy and implementing energy conservation measures can help reduce carbon emissions and address global warming.

1. PRESENTED BY;
SWATHI VENUGOPAL
Date;1st April 2012

3. Earth hour
“A global event created to symbolize
that each one of us, working together,
can make a difference on climate
change.”
1 day ago!!!!!!

4. In 2012
More than 400 cities
50 million people globally
Major icons went dark
including the Sydney Opera
House, Rome’s Coliseum, and
Antarctica’s Scott Station

5. Why this earth hour?
What can we do as a
power engineer?

6. 6
World Energy Consumption

7. Energy source
Non renewable energy
source
Renewable energy source
Exists in finite supply Replenishes very rapidly
Is used faster than it can
replenish
Inexhaustible supply
Eg; Oil, coal, nuclear fuel Eg; solar, wind
,hydropower

8. Non-Renewable energy sources
1.Fossil Fuels
• coal
• petroleum
• natural gas
2.Nuclear Energy

9. FORMATION
Coal

10. FORMATION
Petroleum & Natural Gas

11. As a source

12. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•LARGE AMOUNT OF
ENERGY IN LOW COST
•CO2, LEADS TO GREEN
HOSE EFFECT
•EASY
TRANSPORTATION
•SULPHUR DIOXIDE
RESULTS IN ACID RAIN
•VERY EFFIENT •MINING COAL IS
DANGEROUS & DIFFICULT
•IT CAN BE BUILD
ALMOST ANY WHERE
•STRIP MINING DISTROY
LARGE AREA OF LAND

13. Nuclear Power
(235U) & (239Pu).

14. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DIS ADVANTAGES
NOT SO EXPENSIVE CATASTROPHIC RISKS
NO SMOKE OR CO2 IT TAKES MANY YEARS
FOR THE RADIO
ACTIVITY TO DIE
HIGH EFFICENCY A LOT OF MONEY HAS
TO BE SPENT FOR
SAFTEY
SMALL AMOUNT OF WASTE ------------------------------
--------

15. Impact over atmosphere

16. Impact over atmosphere
Is the climate becoming warmer and warmer?

17. Impact over atmosphere
IS THERE ANY RELATION BETWEEN TEMPRATURE RISE &
CO2 IN ATMOSPHERE?

18. CAUSES FOR INCREASED TEMPRATURE
OR GLOBAL WARMING
• Natural variation
• Solar activity
• Greenhouse effect

19. GREENHOUSE EFFECT

20. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
“Combustion of fossil fuel naturally
injects CO2,SO2,NO2 into the
atmosphere”

21. EFFECT OF GLOBALWARMING
 Already happening
Change in precipitation.
Change in vegetation
Changes in the animal and human world
in response to these environmental
changes.
Melting ice and rising sea level

22.  If this continues
• Hurricanes will become stronger.
• Species out of sync.
• Floods and droughts will results in fresh
water scarcity.
• Diseases will spread
• Ecosystems will change.

23. ACID RAIN
 SO2+NOX+H2O+O2 ACID RAIN
Heart attacks ,strokes, cardiac arrhythmia
,respiratory irritation, worsen asthma,
premature death

24. SMOG
NITROGEN OXIDE + VOC SMOG
SUNLIGHT
Asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis ,
eye irritation and reduced resistance to
colds ,lung infections.

25. Global Energy Impact: CO2 emissions
Source: DTI (2002). Energy: its impact on the environment and society.

26. CO2 Emissions by Sector,
1990-2030
18 000
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
CO2 emissions in power generation and transport are expected to
increase the most
0
1990 2002 2010 2020 2030
million tonnes of CO2
Power Generation Other Transformation Industry Transport Other Sectors

27. HOW CAN WE PRODUCE ENERGY BY
PROTECTING THE ENVIORNMENT?
1 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE
2 SAVING ENERGY

28. Renewable energy sources
1. WIND
2. TIDAL
3. GEOTHERMAL
4. SOLAR
5. WATER

29. 1 WIND
 worth building wind farms in places
that have strong, steady winds

30. • Wind energy in India
Electricity situation in India
Current Installed Capacity - Around
130000 MW
Target Planned Capacity – 240000
MW by 2020
India has been experiencing a large
gap between demand and supply of
electricity.
Peak level shortages exceed 35%.
The National Electricity Policy,
2005 expresses the need to use
non-conventional energy sources
 Ranks 5th in the world

31. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
WIND IS FREE NOT ALWAYS PREDECTABLE
NO WASTE & NO GREEN
HOUSE GASES
LAND IS EXPENSIVE
TOURIST ATTRACTION NOISY
LAND BENEATH CAN BE
USED FOR FARMING
PURPOSE
KILL BIRDS
SUPPLYING ENERGY TO
REMOTE AREAS
AFFECT TV RECEPTION

32. 32
2 SUN LIGHT
SOLAR PANEL PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL
 Passive solar ; direct and indirect
thermal energies
 Active solar; sun’s Electro magnetic
radiation

33. • solar energy in India
Government encouraging Solar
energy investments..
• To help in running of solar
projects, there is a subsidy of Rs
12/Kwh
• Capital subsidy available in case
of semiconductor based units
• Provisions for Accelerated
depreciation available for solar
manufacturers
• NIL excise duty for
manufacturers
• Low import tariff for several raw
materials and components
• Soft loans to users,
intermediaries and manufacturers
Grid tie system

34. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
SOLAR ENERGY IS FREE DOESN’T WORK AT
NIGHT
HANDY FOR LOW POWER
USE
EXPENSIVE
------------------------------------ NOT RELIABLE

35. 3 TIDES
 Combination of the moon and sun’s
gravitational forces

36. TIDAL ENERGY IN INDIA
 Potential sites;Gulf of Kutch ,Gulf of
Cambay in Gujarat, ,the Delta of the
Ganga in the Sunder bans region in
West Bengal

37. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
FREE POWER AVAILABILITY
ONLY FOR 10 HOUR A
DAY
NO GREEN HOUSE
GASES
BARRIER IS EXPENSIVE
RELIABLE NEEDS WIDE AREA
NOT PREDICTABLE

38. 4 WATER
 kinetic energy contained in falling water
into electricity

39. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY IN INDIA
 Rank in world;5
CLASSIFICATION DEPENDING ON THE HEAD
ULTRA LOW HEAD BELOW 3 METRES
MEDIUM HEAD FROM 30–75 METRES
HIGH HEAD ABOVE 75 METRES
 Total hydro power potential;84044MW
 More than 78%-Himalayan region
 Classification; high head & low head

40. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
VIRTUALLY FREE EXPENSIVE
NO WASTE BUILDING A VERY LARGE
DAM FLOOD A LARGE
AREA
RELIABLE FINDING SUTABLE SITE
IS DIFFICULT
INCREASE TO FULL
POWER QUICKLY
WATER QUALITY AND
QUANTITY
DOWNSTREAM CAN BE
AFFECTED, WHICH CAN
HAVE AN IMPACT ON
PLANT LIFE
CONSTANT GENERATION
OF ELECTRICITY

41. 5 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 Geo thermal spot
Dry steam field ,Wet steam field, Hot water,
Geo pressure field, Magma deposits, Hot dry
rocks, Volcanoes

42. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIA
 Geological Survey of India, identified350
geothermal energy locations in India
 Important location;Pugavalley of Ladakh.
 The estimated potential for 10000 MW.

43. Advantages & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
NO POLLUTION LACK OF GEO THERMAL
SPOT
FREE FUEL SOME TIMES A
GEOTHERMAL SITE MAY
"RUN OUT OF STEAM",
PERHAPS FOR DECADES
HAZARDOUS GASES AND
MINERALS MAY COME UP

44. 45
World Total Primary Energy Supply
**Other includes geothermal, solar, wind, heat, etc.

45. 46
World Energy Consumption
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Other renewables
Nuclear power
Hydro power
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mtoe

46. SAVING ENERGY
1.How to increase the energy
efficiency of a generator?
1. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
2. Combustion optimization using modern control
systems

47. 2.How to increase the energy
efficiency in the Power Grid?
1. HVDC
2. FACTS Devices
3. Gas-Insulated Substations
4. Superconductors
5. Wide Area Monitoring Systems

48. What government can do?
1. Standards and labeling
2. Energy conservation building codes
3. Designated consumers
4. National Energy Conservation Awards
5. Small Group Activities on Energy
Conservation

49. How to save energy in our home?
1. Turn off the lights when you don’t
need them!
2. Encourage energy saving light
bulbs
3. Use Passive solar water heater
4. leave pc & T v Switch off! Don’t on
standby
5. Buy Energy Star appliances
6. Don’t Be a Drip
7. Turn Off and Unplug

50. Contributory Factors in CO2
Reduction 2002-2030
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
4%
5%
17%
7%
67%
Developing countries
10%
7%
58%
World
End-use efficiency gains
Fuel switching in end uses
20%
Increased renewables in power generation
Increased nuclear in power generation
5%
Changes in the fossil-fuel mix in power generation

51. Advantages of Energy Conservation
(Moralizing)
• Less need to secure oil overseas with
attendant military and civilian casualties
while costing hundreds of billions of dollars
• Fewer power plants and liquid natural gas
ports are needed
• Less air pollution
• Less drilling for oil
• Less global warming and attendant
environmental destruction

52. conclusion
• On current policies, world energy needs – and
CO2 emissions – will be 60% higher in 2030 than
now
• Policies under consideration & faster deployment
of technology could substantially save energy
• Urgent & decisive government action is needed
Do support renewable energy plants coming
across the world, it is not going to harm you as
much as fossil fuel
Depending on renewable energy source together
with saving electrical energy is an efficient method
to meet our demand without producing pollution”

53. reference
1.Renewable Energy Sources;D. Elango
Assistant Professor in Civil eng. Hindustan College of Engg. Chennai
2. Energy Efficiency in the Power Grid-www.abb.us
3. Indian Wind Energy Outloo k 2011
4Coal-Fired Power Plants Kristin Scheel,Alejandra Kuhn ,Brianna
Beconovich,Ryan Nester
5 polly well nuclear coal pollution
6 Environmental Sustainability Educational Resources Gregory A.
Keoleian Associate Research Scientist,School of Natural Resources
and Environment
7 ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDIA
Shri P M Sayeed, Hon’ble Minister of Power’s article on the occasion of
Energy Conservation Day, on 14th December 2005.
8 Implementation of Energy Conservation Act and BEE Action Plan
9Tidal energy the mighty tidal bose
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