The document describes the design of a swing-arm profilometer to measure the shape and roughness of large aspheric optical surfaces. It aims to provide a low-cost solution for "in process" measurements of surfaces up to 1.5 meters in size. The design was modeled and analyzed in SolidWorks, and programming was done in MATLAB to calculate measurement parameters. The swing-arm profilometer will help evaluate mirrors and lenses with non-spherical surfaces to improve properties like image resolution and light focusing.
1. Measuring the angle of a component.
2. Checking the sloping angle of a vee-block.
3. Measuring the angle of a cone or taper gauges.
4. Precise angular settings for machining operations.
1. Measuring the angle of a component.
2. Checking the sloping angle of a vee-block.
3. Measuring the angle of a cone or taper gauges.
4. Precise angular settings for machining operations.
What is a Total Station?
Capability of a Total Station
Important Operations of Total Station
Uses of Total Station
Advantages of Using Total Stations
Applications
Double lane change maneuver (rigid vehicle model and non predictive driver mo...saeid ghaffari
*Only the first five pages are presented here. If you are interested to study the rest of this project, feel free to contact me via saeid.ghaffari@studenti.polito.it.
This project is studying a double lane change maneuver according to ISO 3888 standard using a rigid vehicle model and non-predictive driver model. The vehicle speed is 80 km/h and the lane change should be followed without touching the lanes. Furthermore, the width of the lanes are given as a function of the vehicle width. A driver model is adopted which is represented by servomechanism having the yaw angle Ψ as input and the steering angle δ as output which is proportional to the error between the effective Ψ and the angle of the trajectory. The transfer function between the output δ and the input Ψ in the Laplace domain is given by the driver gain, the delay of the driver and the Laplace variable. Hence, the stability of the vehicle can be analysed plotting Root loci for different values of driver gain and driver delay. Side slip angle of the vehicle β, steering angle δ and yaw rate as a function of the time will be derived while the trajectory is plotted in XY plane.
The Mars Autogyro Neutroscopic Explorer defines a new design ‘X-I’ which has been optimised to meet the challenge of the hostile Martian atmosphere. It blends in an autogyro rotor into a delta wing to enhance the lift capabilities of the aircraft in supersonic and sub sonic flight regimes. The diagrams below represent the chronological order in which the design was generated
Evaluation of dynamics | Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Inertia Measuring Unit and...Robo India
Robo India presents theory and working principles of Inertia Measuring unit (IMU), gyroscope, accelerometer and Kalman Filter. It is an important controlling part of unmanned Arial vehicles (UAV)
We have named it as evaluation of dynamics.
We welcome all of your views and queries, we are found at-
website: http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
Profilograph-profilometr is capable to provide measurement of parameters of surfaces in three-dimensional (3D) the image of their condition to within 1нм on height of a relief. This device allows to receive qualitatively new information which, in turn, will lead to development and creation of the newest technologies in mechanical engineering
Surface finish measurement (mechanical measurement and metrology)Navroz Navodia
THIS ppt is good for understanding basics of surface measurement, it is good for undergraduate students persuing their bachlors in engineering,
the content of this ppt are as under
1) Basic terminology
2)techniques for surface finish measurement
3)comparison techniques like (visual scratch touch microscopic etc inspections)
4)direct instrument like (profilograph profilometer taylor hobson etc)
5)effect of surface finish on material strength
refer to this ppt for quick revision
good for gtu students specially
N3
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
What is a Total Station?
Capability of a Total Station
Important Operations of Total Station
Uses of Total Station
Advantages of Using Total Stations
Applications
Double lane change maneuver (rigid vehicle model and non predictive driver mo...saeid ghaffari
*Only the first five pages are presented here. If you are interested to study the rest of this project, feel free to contact me via saeid.ghaffari@studenti.polito.it.
This project is studying a double lane change maneuver according to ISO 3888 standard using a rigid vehicle model and non-predictive driver model. The vehicle speed is 80 km/h and the lane change should be followed without touching the lanes. Furthermore, the width of the lanes are given as a function of the vehicle width. A driver model is adopted which is represented by servomechanism having the yaw angle Ψ as input and the steering angle δ as output which is proportional to the error between the effective Ψ and the angle of the trajectory. The transfer function between the output δ and the input Ψ in the Laplace domain is given by the driver gain, the delay of the driver and the Laplace variable. Hence, the stability of the vehicle can be analysed plotting Root loci for different values of driver gain and driver delay. Side slip angle of the vehicle β, steering angle δ and yaw rate as a function of the time will be derived while the trajectory is plotted in XY plane.
The Mars Autogyro Neutroscopic Explorer defines a new design ‘X-I’ which has been optimised to meet the challenge of the hostile Martian atmosphere. It blends in an autogyro rotor into a delta wing to enhance the lift capabilities of the aircraft in supersonic and sub sonic flight regimes. The diagrams below represent the chronological order in which the design was generated
Evaluation of dynamics | Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Inertia Measuring Unit and...Robo India
Robo India presents theory and working principles of Inertia Measuring unit (IMU), gyroscope, accelerometer and Kalman Filter. It is an important controlling part of unmanned Arial vehicles (UAV)
We have named it as evaluation of dynamics.
We welcome all of your views and queries, we are found at-
website: http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
Profilograph-profilometr is capable to provide measurement of parameters of surfaces in three-dimensional (3D) the image of their condition to within 1нм on height of a relief. This device allows to receive qualitatively new information which, in turn, will lead to development and creation of the newest technologies in mechanical engineering
Surface finish measurement (mechanical measurement and metrology)Navroz Navodia
THIS ppt is good for understanding basics of surface measurement, it is good for undergraduate students persuing their bachlors in engineering,
the content of this ppt are as under
1) Basic terminology
2)techniques for surface finish measurement
3)comparison techniques like (visual scratch touch microscopic etc inspections)
4)direct instrument like (profilograph profilometer taylor hobson etc)
5)effect of surface finish on material strength
refer to this ppt for quick revision
good for gtu students specially
N3
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Algorithmic Techniques for Parametric Model RecoveryCurvSurf
A complete description of algorithmic techniques for automatic feature extraction from point cloud. The orthogonal distance fitting, an art of maximum liklihood estimation, plays the main role. Differential geometry determines the type of object surface.
2. A tool used to profile the shape and
roughness of a surface
3. What does this accomplish?
− Spheres are easy to manufacture,
however aspherics maximize the
performance of the mirror or lens
− A profilometer tests how close to
ideal the surface of the mirror
− Finding the exact points of these
aberrations allows polishing to be
done at those places
− As the surface becomes closer to
ideal:
− Image resolution increases
− More light is focused to a singular
point
4. Uses of Optics
− Telescopes
− Defense
− Medical research
− Medical imaging
− Camera Lens
7. Why a Swing-Arm?
− Swing-Arm profilometers offer numerous
advantages:
− Ability to measure larger surfaces
− Linear: 4-6 in
− Swing-Arm: 1.5 m
− Cheap to build
− Perform “in process” measurements
− Extreme Accuracy
8. Need Addressed
To design a low cost swing arm profilometer
to measure the accuracy of large aspheric
optical surfaces.
9. The Design Process
− Brainstorming
− Mock Setup
− SolidWorks Assembly
− Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
− Vibrations, Deflections, Motion Analysis
10.
11.
12.
13. This simulation shows the deflection of
the assembly under gravity and an
applied torque.
14.
15.
16. Accomplishments
− Arc Length
− 78’’ swing with 25’’ radius
− Possibility to have a variable radius
− Hypothetical 360 degree swing
− Alterations to placement and use of stepper motor
− Shaft allows spin about central axis.
18. The Sag Equation
-Describes the general shape of a conic surface mirror
(hyperbolas, parabolas, spheres and ellipses)
- Where:
- C = Curvature
- x = Offset from Center
- k = Conic Constant
19. Through use of the Sag equation, we can find
The total angular travel of the scan path across the part
The amount of steps the motor will take
The amount of data points to record
Theoretical depression of the depth gauge at each point
20. Ball Offsets
- At the tip of the depth
gauge, there is not a single
point.
-This means that the contact point
of the tip and the actual point being
measured are never the same (except
for dead center).
21. The line points to the spot on the piece that
we want measured.
However, you can see that the contact point
of the ball is not in line with the point in
question.
Contact Point
22. By hypothetically pushing the
ball to the actual contact point,
we can calculate the offset.
By taking the derivatives, of the
two functions, at a certain x-
offset from the center we can
subtract the two and set them
equal to zero to find the x’.
This longest line (x’) is how
much you’d move the ball up to
find the real contact point.
There is an associated angular
offset for every contact point we
read.
X’
26. Additional Parts
− Assembly
− Mitutoyo Digital Indicator
− Accurate to 2/10 of a micron
− NEMA 24Y Stepper Motor (ORDERED)
− High Torque, High Accuracy Stepper
− Planetary Gear Attachment
− Flex Coupling
− Decrease Vibrations further
27. Final Results
- Design and analysis completed
- Design meets needs and requirements for a low cost
instrument to accurately measure large aspheric optical
surfaces
- Minimal deflections and vibrations. Along with large
adaptability
- Programming nearing completion
- Fabrication and procurement in process
- Drawings sent to be manufactured (parts lists and BOM)
28. Next Steps
- If allotted more time,
- Complete assembly of milled parts
- Testing of assembly
- Document operating procedures and lessons learned
- Predictions for the Future
- Optimization of motor torque
- Stabilization
- Hysteresis
29. Need Addressed
To design a low cost swing arm profilometer
to measure the accuracy of large aspheric
optical surfaces.
30. Thank You
Acknowledgements:
- Richard Pultar
- Riley Aumiller
- Phil Baker
- Mike Owens
- Mary Liang
- HNu Photonics
- The Akamai Internship Program
The 2014 Akamai Internship Program is part of the
Akamai Workforce Initiative, in partnership with the
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz; the Univ. of Hawai'i
Institute for Astronomy; and the Thirty Meter Telescope
(TMT) International Observatory. Funding is provided
by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-
10-1-0044); Univ. of Hawai'i; and TMT International
Observatory."