This summary provides an overview of the key points from the Connective Tissue Study Guide document in 3 sentences:
The document provides a detailed overview of the different types of connective tissues, including collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers. It describes the cellular components of connective tissues such as fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, mast cells, and plasma cells. The guide also reviews the structure and function of connective tissues in various parts of the body like skin, bone, tendons, adipose tissue, and their roles in health and disease.
There are four primary types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular. Epithelial tissue forms sheets that cover surfaces and line cavities. There are several types of epithelia including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, pseudostratified columnar and transitional epithelia. Each epithelium has a unique structure and location in the body suited to its functions like absorption, secretion, protection and selective permeability.
This document provides an overview of connective tissue, including its classification, functions, components, and types. Connective tissue is the most widespread and abundant tissue in the human body. It is composed primarily of extracellular matrix and embedded connective tissue cells. Connective tissue can be classified as connective tissue proper, specialized connective tissue, or embryonic connective tissue. Its main components are ground substance, fibers, and cells. The document describes the various types of connective tissue fibers and cells in detail.
Seminar on connective tissue and its appl/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, structure, and functions of each type of tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and glandular tissues. Connective tissue includes fibrous tissues that provide structure and support. Muscular tissue contains muscle fibers that allow for movement. Nervous tissue contains neurons that enable communication and integration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
There are four basic types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Epithelial tissues line body surfaces and form glands. There are two main groups of epithelial tissue: membrane epithelia and glandular epithelia. Epithelial tissues can be arranged as simple or stratified layers and have different cell shapes including squamous, cuboidal, or columnar. Connective tissues are made of cells, fibers, and matrix. They provide binding, protection, and support. The main types are loose connective tissue, dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and liquid connective tissue. Muscular tissues contain contractile
This document summarizes the histology of epithelium and connective tissue. It describes the four basic types of tissues as epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues. It focuses on epithelium and connective tissue. Epithelial tissue is composed of closely packed cells that line surfaces and form glands. Connective tissue contains extracellular matrix and fibers. The document classifies epithelia based on cell layers and cell shape. It describes the structure and functions of simple, stratified, pseudostratified and transitional epithelia. It also discusses the extracellular matrix, basement membrane and cells of connective tissue.
This document provides an overview of animal tissues in biology. It discusses the study of anatomy and physiology, as well as histology, the study of tissues. It describes the main types of epithelial tissues, including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified epithelium, and ciliated columnar epithelium. It also briefly outlines the main types of connective tissues like fibrous tissue, cartilage tissue, bone tissue, blood cells, muscle tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
HISTOLOGY: EPITHELIA AND GLANDS CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER CARTILAGE AND BONEOHupdates
This document discusses the four basic types of tissues in the body - epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelia and glands, as well as connective tissue proper. It describes the structure, function, classification and secretory mechanisms of epithelial tissues, including simple and stratified epithelia. It also discusses exocrine and endocrine glands, and the histology of connective tissue proper, including the cells, fibers and ground substance that make up this widespread tissue.
There are four primary types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular. Epithelial tissue forms sheets that cover surfaces and line cavities. There are several types of epithelia including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, pseudostratified columnar and transitional epithelia. Each epithelium has a unique structure and location in the body suited to its functions like absorption, secretion, protection and selective permeability.
This document provides an overview of connective tissue, including its classification, functions, components, and types. Connective tissue is the most widespread and abundant tissue in the human body. It is composed primarily of extracellular matrix and embedded connective tissue cells. Connective tissue can be classified as connective tissue proper, specialized connective tissue, or embryonic connective tissue. Its main components are ground substance, fibers, and cells. The document describes the various types of connective tissue fibers and cells in detail.
Seminar on connective tissue and its appl/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, structure, and functions of each type of tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and glandular tissues. Connective tissue includes fibrous tissues that provide structure and support. Muscular tissue contains muscle fibers that allow for movement. Nervous tissue contains neurons that enable communication and integration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
There are four basic types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Epithelial tissues line body surfaces and form glands. There are two main groups of epithelial tissue: membrane epithelia and glandular epithelia. Epithelial tissues can be arranged as simple or stratified layers and have different cell shapes including squamous, cuboidal, or columnar. Connective tissues are made of cells, fibers, and matrix. They provide binding, protection, and support. The main types are loose connective tissue, dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and liquid connective tissue. Muscular tissues contain contractile
This document summarizes the histology of epithelium and connective tissue. It describes the four basic types of tissues as epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues. It focuses on epithelium and connective tissue. Epithelial tissue is composed of closely packed cells that line surfaces and form glands. Connective tissue contains extracellular matrix and fibers. The document classifies epithelia based on cell layers and cell shape. It describes the structure and functions of simple, stratified, pseudostratified and transitional epithelia. It also discusses the extracellular matrix, basement membrane and cells of connective tissue.
This document provides an overview of animal tissues in biology. It discusses the study of anatomy and physiology, as well as histology, the study of tissues. It describes the main types of epithelial tissues, including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified epithelium, and ciliated columnar epithelium. It also briefly outlines the main types of connective tissues like fibrous tissue, cartilage tissue, bone tissue, blood cells, muscle tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
HISTOLOGY: EPITHELIA AND GLANDS CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER CARTILAGE AND BONEOHupdates
This document discusses the four basic types of tissues in the body - epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelia and glands, as well as connective tissue proper. It describes the structure, function, classification and secretory mechanisms of epithelial tissues, including simple and stratified epithelia. It also discusses exocrine and endocrine glands, and the histology of connective tissue proper, including the cells, fibers and ground substance that make up this widespread tissue.
Eithelial tissue,connective tissue by Dr Jyoti Prakash Pani Associate Profess...phupu
Epithelial and connective tissues are the two main types of tissues in the body. Epithelial tissue lines the outer surfaces and inner cavities of the body. It is classified as single-layered (simple) or multi-layered (stratified) epithelium. Common types include squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues. It contains ground substance and fibers, along with fibroblasts, adipocytes and immune cells. Major forms are loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, regular dense connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, and reticular connective tissue.
This document discusses different types of cell junctions that allow communication between animal and plant cells. There are four main types of junctions in animal tissues: tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. Tight junctions seal adjacent epithelial cells and control molecular passage. Adherens junctions provide strong mechanical attachment between cells. Gap junctions allow small molecules and ions to pass directly between cells. Desmosomes strongly attach epithelial cells, and hemidesmosomes attach epithelial cells to the basal lamina. In plant tissues, plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells through pores in the cell wall, providing an easy route for communication.
This document discusses connective tissues (CT), including their definition, characteristics, components, cells, fibers, ground substance, classification, and examples. It aims to describe CT characteristics and components, classify different CT types, and correlate CT type with function. Key points include:
- CT connect and bind other tissues, with a predominantly extracellular matrix containing widely spaced cells, few blood vessels, and classification based on matrix, cells, and fibers.
- Components include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, pigment cells, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers suspended in a ground substance of proteoglycans.
- CT are classified based on cell and fiber types as well as ground
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body and binds and supports other tissues. It consists of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix of ground substance and fibers. The main cell types are fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and plasma cells. The matrix contains ground substance and fibers such as collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Connective tissues include areolar, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymphatic tissue. Areolar tissue binds skin and organs. Adipose tissue stores fat. Tendons and ligaments connect muscle to bone. Cartilage provides flexibility and strength to joints. Bone forms the skeleton and stores minerals. Blood and lymph transport nutrients and waste.
Epithelial tissue, also known as the epithelium, is one of the four tissues found in the human body. It exists in various parts of the body, such as our digestive system, outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs.
Histology
Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas, 15th Ed
Connective tissues provide structure and support throughout the body. They are composed of cells separated by intercellular substance and fibers. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages, and fat cells. Connective tissues include loose connective tissue, dense regular and irregular connective tissue, adipose tissue, elastic tissue, hematopoietic tissue, mucous tissue, cartilage, and bone. They provide structure, bind organs, support the body, store fat and minerals, enable nutrient exchange, aid in wound healing, and offer protection from infection.
This document provides an overview of epithelium, including its characteristics, cell shapes, criteria used to identify it, key features like polarity, and examples of different types. The principal layers of skin are described as the epidermis and dermis. Various epithelial layers within the epidermis are defined, as are the two layers of the dermis. Examples of simple and stratified epithelia are given along with images to illustrate cell shapes and tissue organization. Specialized epithelial tissues like glands and hair follicles are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of histology, the study of tissues. It discusses the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. For each tissue type, it describes the general characteristics and specific tissue variations. It provides examples of tissue structures and functions. Key topics covered include epithelial tissue classification, connective tissue components, cartilage, bone, blood, and the characteristics of nervous and muscular tissue.
Histology is the study of tissues. Tissues are composed of cells and intercellular material specialized for a particular function. There are four basic tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Epithelial tissues form protective barriers and linings and come in several forms defined by cell shape and layer arrangement including simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Each type has characteristic features and locations within the body related to its specialization for functions like secretion, filtration, and protection.
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body and fills spaces between other tissues. It has several components including fibers, ground substance, and cells. The document categorizes connective tissue and describes its various cell types such as fibroblasts that produce collagen fibers, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types, pigment cells like melanocytes that produce pigment, fat cells that store lipids, and immune cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Connective tissue provides structure and support to the body.
There are four main types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers the outer surfaces of the body and lines internal cavities and organs. It is classified based on the number of cell layers (simple vs stratified) and the shapes of the cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). The document describes the structure, function and locations of seven common epithelial tissues: simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, and transitional epithelium.
This document discusses the different types of epithelial tissues, including their classification based on cell layers (simple vs stratified) and cell shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). It provides examples of the 8 main epithelial tissues - simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, and transitional - listing their characteristics and locations in the body. Photomicrographs with descriptions are included to illustrate each tissue type.
Connective tissue provides structure and support throughout the body. It binds and connects other tissues. Connective tissue develops from mesenchyme and is classified as either loose or dense tissue depending on the amount and type of cells, fibers, and ground substance present. The main cell types are fibroblasts, fibrocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and plasma cells. Fibers include collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers. Collagen fibers provide strength while elastic fibers allow stretch. Ground substance is a hydrated gel containing proteoglycans that supports cell and fiber embedding.
Connective tissue is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix. The main cell types are fibroblasts, which produce the extracellular matrix, and macrophages, mast cells, and leukocytes which reside in the tissue. The extracellular matrix contains ground substance and fibers, particularly collagen fibers which are abundant and come in many types that provide different structural functions. Fibroblasts play an important role in wound healing by reverting from fibrocytes to an active state to repair damage.
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells on a basement membrane. It functions as a selective barrier allowing filtration, passive diffusion, and pinocytosis. Cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cuboidal cells with rounded nuclei on a basement membrane, often found in ducts and possessing basal infoldings. It transports fluids and may modify luminal contents through selective absorption. Pseudostratified epithelium resembles stratified epithelium but with nuclei at different heights due to cell shapes; it lines areas like the trachea.
This document provides an overview of the different types of epithelium. It describes four types of simple epithelium - simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified. It then discusses four types of stratified epithelium - stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, and transitional epithelium. For each type of epithelium, examples are given and key characteristics like cell shape, nucleus position, and layering are outlined. The document aims to describe the different epithelial tissues found in the body.
This document discusses the four primary types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissues, which are grouped into glands and coverings. Epithelial tissues are classified based on the number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and the shape of cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). Simple epithelia include squamous, cuboidal and columnar types which line various organs. Stratified epithelia provide additional protection with multiple layers including squamous, cuboidal and columnar cell types. Glandular epithelia are responsible for secreting products into openings.
The document provides an overview of histology and the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. It discusses the basic features and classifications of different tissue types, including epithelial tissues like simple and stratified squamous, connective tissues like areolar and dense irregular tissue, and embryonic germ layers. Key histological preparation and sectioning techniques are also summarized.
Epithelial tissues consist of cells organized to form protective barriers and enable secretion and absorption. There are two main types: simple epithelia with cells on a single basement membrane, and stratified epithelia with multiple cell layers. Simple epithelia can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar depending on cell shape. Stratified epithelia contain layers of cells and may or may not contain keratin. Epithelial tissues line surfaces and cavities throughout the body and glands, and perform critical barrier, protective, secretory and sensory functions through specialized cell types and arrangements.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Immunology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Immunology
This document discusses the four major types of adult tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, structure and functions of each type of tissue. The key points are:
1) Tissues are classified based on structure, composition and function. The four major types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
2) Epithelial tissues cover surfaces, line organs and form glands. They protect, absorb, secrete and transport. Connective tissues connect, support and protect other tissues. Muscle tissues contract to cause movement and pumping blood. Nervous tissues transmit electrical signals.
3) Each tissue contains different cell types and extracellular matrix to suit their functions.
Eithelial tissue,connective tissue by Dr Jyoti Prakash Pani Associate Profess...phupu
Epithelial and connective tissues are the two main types of tissues in the body. Epithelial tissue lines the outer surfaces and inner cavities of the body. It is classified as single-layered (simple) or multi-layered (stratified) epithelium. Common types include squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues. It contains ground substance and fibers, along with fibroblasts, adipocytes and immune cells. Major forms are loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, regular dense connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, and reticular connective tissue.
This document discusses different types of cell junctions that allow communication between animal and plant cells. There are four main types of junctions in animal tissues: tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. Tight junctions seal adjacent epithelial cells and control molecular passage. Adherens junctions provide strong mechanical attachment between cells. Gap junctions allow small molecules and ions to pass directly between cells. Desmosomes strongly attach epithelial cells, and hemidesmosomes attach epithelial cells to the basal lamina. In plant tissues, plasmodesmata connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells through pores in the cell wall, providing an easy route for communication.
This document discusses connective tissues (CT), including their definition, characteristics, components, cells, fibers, ground substance, classification, and examples. It aims to describe CT characteristics and components, classify different CT types, and correlate CT type with function. Key points include:
- CT connect and bind other tissues, with a predominantly extracellular matrix containing widely spaced cells, few blood vessels, and classification based on matrix, cells, and fibers.
- Components include fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, pigment cells, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers suspended in a ground substance of proteoglycans.
- CT are classified based on cell and fiber types as well as ground
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body and binds and supports other tissues. It consists of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix of ground substance and fibers. The main cell types are fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and plasma cells. The matrix contains ground substance and fibers such as collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. Connective tissues include areolar, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymphatic tissue. Areolar tissue binds skin and organs. Adipose tissue stores fat. Tendons and ligaments connect muscle to bone. Cartilage provides flexibility and strength to joints. Bone forms the skeleton and stores minerals. Blood and lymph transport nutrients and waste.
Epithelial tissue, also known as the epithelium, is one of the four tissues found in the human body. It exists in various parts of the body, such as our digestive system, outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs.
Histology
Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas, 15th Ed
Connective tissues provide structure and support throughout the body. They are composed of cells separated by intercellular substance and fibers. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages, and fat cells. Connective tissues include loose connective tissue, dense regular and irregular connective tissue, adipose tissue, elastic tissue, hematopoietic tissue, mucous tissue, cartilage, and bone. They provide structure, bind organs, support the body, store fat and minerals, enable nutrient exchange, aid in wound healing, and offer protection from infection.
This document provides an overview of epithelium, including its characteristics, cell shapes, criteria used to identify it, key features like polarity, and examples of different types. The principal layers of skin are described as the epidermis and dermis. Various epithelial layers within the epidermis are defined, as are the two layers of the dermis. Examples of simple and stratified epithelia are given along with images to illustrate cell shapes and tissue organization. Specialized epithelial tissues like glands and hair follicles are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of histology, the study of tissues. It discusses the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. For each tissue type, it describes the general characteristics and specific tissue variations. It provides examples of tissue structures and functions. Key topics covered include epithelial tissue classification, connective tissue components, cartilage, bone, blood, and the characteristics of nervous and muscular tissue.
Histology is the study of tissues. Tissues are composed of cells and intercellular material specialized for a particular function. There are four basic tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Epithelial tissues form protective barriers and linings and come in several forms defined by cell shape and layer arrangement including simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Each type has characteristic features and locations within the body related to its specialization for functions like secretion, filtration, and protection.
Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body and fills spaces between other tissues. It has several components including fibers, ground substance, and cells. The document categorizes connective tissue and describes its various cell types such as fibroblasts that produce collagen fibers, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types, pigment cells like melanocytes that produce pigment, fat cells that store lipids, and immune cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Connective tissue provides structure and support to the body.
There are four main types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers the outer surfaces of the body and lines internal cavities and organs. It is classified based on the number of cell layers (simple vs stratified) and the shapes of the cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). The document describes the structure, function and locations of seven common epithelial tissues: simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, and transitional epithelium.
This document discusses the different types of epithelial tissues, including their classification based on cell layers (simple vs stratified) and cell shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). It provides examples of the 8 main epithelial tissues - simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, and transitional - listing their characteristics and locations in the body. Photomicrographs with descriptions are included to illustrate each tissue type.
Connective tissue provides structure and support throughout the body. It binds and connects other tissues. Connective tissue develops from mesenchyme and is classified as either loose or dense tissue depending on the amount and type of cells, fibers, and ground substance present. The main cell types are fibroblasts, fibrocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and plasma cells. Fibers include collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers. Collagen fibers provide strength while elastic fibers allow stretch. Ground substance is a hydrated gel containing proteoglycans that supports cell and fiber embedding.
Connective tissue is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix. The main cell types are fibroblasts, which produce the extracellular matrix, and macrophages, mast cells, and leukocytes which reside in the tissue. The extracellular matrix contains ground substance and fibers, particularly collagen fibers which are abundant and come in many types that provide different structural functions. Fibroblasts play an important role in wound healing by reverting from fibrocytes to an active state to repair damage.
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells on a basement membrane. It functions as a selective barrier allowing filtration, passive diffusion, and pinocytosis. Cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cuboidal cells with rounded nuclei on a basement membrane, often found in ducts and possessing basal infoldings. It transports fluids and may modify luminal contents through selective absorption. Pseudostratified epithelium resembles stratified epithelium but with nuclei at different heights due to cell shapes; it lines areas like the trachea.
This document provides an overview of the different types of epithelium. It describes four types of simple epithelium - simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified. It then discusses four types of stratified epithelium - stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, and transitional epithelium. For each type of epithelium, examples are given and key characteristics like cell shape, nucleus position, and layering are outlined. The document aims to describe the different epithelial tissues found in the body.
This document discusses the four primary types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissues, which are grouped into glands and coverings. Epithelial tissues are classified based on the number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and the shape of cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). Simple epithelia include squamous, cuboidal and columnar types which line various organs. Stratified epithelia provide additional protection with multiple layers including squamous, cuboidal and columnar cell types. Glandular epithelia are responsible for secreting products into openings.
The document provides an overview of histology and the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. It discusses the basic features and classifications of different tissue types, including epithelial tissues like simple and stratified squamous, connective tissues like areolar and dense irregular tissue, and embryonic germ layers. Key histological preparation and sectioning techniques are also summarized.
Epithelial tissues consist of cells organized to form protective barriers and enable secretion and absorption. There are two main types: simple epithelia with cells on a single basement membrane, and stratified epithelia with multiple cell layers. Simple epithelia can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar depending on cell shape. Stratified epithelia contain layers of cells and may or may not contain keratin. Epithelial tissues line surfaces and cavities throughout the body and glands, and perform critical barrier, protective, secretory and sensory functions through specialized cell types and arrangements.
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 Immunology sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1Immunology
This document discusses the four major types of adult tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, structure and functions of each type of tissue. The key points are:
1) Tissues are classified based on structure, composition and function. The four major types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue.
2) Epithelial tissues cover surfaces, line organs and form glands. They protect, absorb, secrete and transport. Connective tissues connect, support and protect other tissues. Muscle tissues contract to cause movement and pumping blood. Nervous tissues transmit electrical signals.
3) Each tissue contains different cell types and extracellular matrix to suit their functions.
Voto de Gilmar Mendes contra Lula - Mar 2016Miguel Rosario
O documento trata de dois mandados de segurança coletivos impetrados por partidos políticos contra a nomeação de Lula como Ministro Chefe da Casa Civil. Os partidos alegam que a nomeação teve como objetivo conferir foro privilegiado a Lula e impedir investigações contra ele. O relator analisa se mandados de segurança coletivos podem tutelar direitos difusos e se partidos políticos têm legitimidade para isso.
The document provides details for an assignment on pre-production for a short film. Students must plan the production of their short film, exploring sound recording in different environments. They need to research crew roles and equipment, create a budget, develop scripts and storyboards, and record dialogue in various locations. Recordings must then be edited with effects and into a sequenced piece demonstrating editing skills. The goal is to enhance organizational and sound manipulation skills through practical pre-production tasks for a short film.
The document provides instructions for an acids and bases assignment, noting the materials needed, tasks to complete such as lining up supplies and signing a parent form, and directions to log into an online platform and complete the front and back of the first page which focuses on defining key terms like pH scale, acids, and bases and their characteristics. It also lists follow up tasks like answering lab sheet questions and creating a Venn diagram using a provided word bank.
Tadele “Last resort and often not an option at all”: youth, education and far...futureagricultures
This document summarizes a study on youth perceptions of agriculture as a livelihood in Ethiopia. Key findings include:
1) Both youth and parents viewed agriculture as a last resort or not an option due to its physical demands, lack of social mobility, and scarce land access.
2) Educated youth especially saw farming as degrading and wanted careers other than their parents'.
3) While some interventions had positive impacts, the government was seen as largely abandoning rural youth without opportunities.
4) The study calls for engaging youth in policymaking to make agriculture more attractive and address their negative perceptions.
Rebecca Doyle is seeking part-time work while studying for a BTEC in Creative and Media Production. She has experience working as a runner for BBC, a sales assistant at Peacocks, and in processing cheques at Cooperative Financial Services. She achieved certificates for presenting alcohol awareness workshops in school and served as a peer mentor and lead mentor.
Este documento não contém nenhum conteúdo legível. Consiste apenas de uma série de caracteres repetidos que não formam palavras ou frases com sentido. Portanto, não é possível resumir as informações essenciais deste documento de forma concisa em 3 frases ou menos.
The Future Agricultures Consortium was established in 2005 to encourage dialogue around the role of agriculture in African development. It produces policy-relevant research on agricultural issues in Africa and facilitates knowledge sharing. The Consortium has over 90 researchers across 15 African countries and partners in the UK, Brazil, and China. It focuses on understanding the political economy of agricultural policies and their outcomes. It also builds African research capacity through fellowship and grant programs.
The document describes applying different audio effects to a corridor recording using glitch and dub delay effects. The glitch effect made the recording sound very robotic and machine-like by repeatedly clicking the "both" button to find an altered sound. Though the words were not clearly pronounced, the original recording could still be recognized. The dub delay effect changed the sound differently than the original and first manipulation, adding echo-like qualities and a drifting, far away sound. It also repeated some words like harmony singing.
This document discusses potential locations and communities for where people may live in the US in 2030. It examines factors like the nature of work changing and education being a new "port" that could drive city development. Examples of successful existing communities are provided like Irvine, CA, The Villages, FL, Las Vegas, NV, and Stanford, CA. The document outlines a business model called Kudavi to purchase land and build new cities that provide infrastructure and amenities. Potential sites in San Benito County, CA and Storey County, NV are mentioned. Go-to-market plans are outlined to build an online community, host festivals to seed new cities, and goals to attract residents and investors.
International Seminar: The role of South-South Cooperation in Agricultural Development in Africa - opportunities and challenges. 17 May 2012.
More info: http://www.future-agricultures.org/events/south-south-cooperation
This document contains a list of probable questions related to operating systems, file systems, networking, Windows commands, and troubleshooting. Some of the topics covered include types of operating systems, differences between FAT and NTFS file systems, Active Directory, firewall types, OSI model layers, and RAID levels. The list provides definitions and explanations for many common computer and networking concepts.
This document discusses 11 common mistakes that job seekers make during a job search. These mistakes include a lack of focus, poor presentation materials like resumes and elevator pitches, overreliance on online applications without follow up, insufficient networking efforts, being too passive in outreach rather than proactive, poor interviewing skills, unrealistic expectations of the job search process, inconsistent effort, failure to acknowledge help received, and not utilizing a career coach. The document provides advice on how to avoid each mistake by developing a clear game plan, strong presentation materials, active networking, proactive outreach, focused interviews, and consistent long-term efforts with the help of a career coach if needed.
Greg Smith, a 12-year veteran of Goldman Sachs, resigned from the firm in an op-ed published in the New York Times. He argued that the culture at Goldman Sachs had become toxic and was no longer focused on serving clients. Smith said the interests of clients had been sidelined in favor of making money at any cost. He also stated that leadership had lost hold of the firm's culture of teamwork, integrity and doing right by clients. Smith hoped his resignation would be a wake-up call to the board to refocus on clients and weed out morally bankrupt people only interested in profits.
Paisley Engaging young professionals in the agri food sector - strategies, le...futureagricultures
This document discusses YPARD, a global platform for young professionals under 40 working in agricultural research and development. It aims to increase youth participation in agriculture by facilitating knowledge sharing, career opportunities, and representation of youth perspectives. YPARD has over 1,950 members from 117 countries and provides networking, mentoring, and opportunities to engage with stakeholders. The organization addresses concerns around declining interest in agriculture and an aging workforce by promoting the sector to youth and enabling their contributions.
This document provides a study guide for histology terms related to cell nuclei, cytoplasm, epithelial tissues, glands, cilia, microvilli, and cellular junctions. It defines key terms and describes what students should learn about the structure and function of various cell and tissue types, as well as variations that relate to cellular function. Specific examples are given of tissue structures like simple squamous epithelium in the ovaries and stratified squamous epithelium in the skin. Modes of glandular secretion and different exocrine and endocrine glands are also outlined.
This document provides a study guide for histology terms related to the nucleus, cytoplasm, epithelial tissues, glands, cilia, microvilli, and cellular junctions. It defines key terms and describes what students should learn about the structure and function of various cell and tissue types. For example, it explains the differences between euchromatin and heterochromatin in the nucleus, specialized inclusions in different cell types, and modes of secretion for exocrine and endocrine glands.
This document contains histology slides from Biology 131 - Anatomy and Physiology. It describes and images various types of tissues including epithelial, muscle, nerve, and connective tissues. Key points covered include the characteristics and functions of simple and stratified epithelial tissues, and the three main types of muscle tissue. Descriptions are also provided of different connective tissues like blood, cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue. References for further information are listed at the end.
The document defines and classifies tissues and connective tissue. It discusses the four primary tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve tissue. Connective tissue contains cells separated by intercellular substance composed of fibers and ground substance. Three fiber types are described - collagenous, reticular, and elastic. Connective tissue cells include fixed cells like fibroblasts and adipocytes, and mobile cells involved in tissue reactions and defense. Bone and cartilage are described as supporting tissues that develop from mesenchyme.
This document provides a histology slide list that summarizes key structures and functions seen across various tissue and cell types, including the nucleus, chromatin, mitochondria, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi complex, microvilli, centrioles, desmosomes, blood cells, epithelial cells, connective tissue, glands, integumentary system, cartilage, bone, and muscle. Key structures are highlighted on photomicrographs with labels indicating their location.
This document provides a histology slide list summarizing various tissues and cell types seen on microscope slides, including epithelial cells, connective tissues, blood cells, muscle, nervous system structures, and gastrointestinal tissues like the esophagus and stomach. Key structures are labeled on photomicrographs with arrows and letters for identification.
- There are four main tissue types in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms sheets that line organs, while connective tissue binds and supports other tissues.
- Epithelial tissue is classified based on cell shape and layers. Simple squamous epithelium is one cell thick and covers surfaces, while stratified squamous has multiple layers and acts as a protective barrier.
- Connective tissues include bone, blood, cartilage and areolar tissue. Bone provides structure, blood transports nutrients, and cartilage cushions joints. Muscle and nervous tissues contract and conduct electrical signals respectively.
This document provides an overview of epithelial tissues. It defines epithelium and discusses the main types: simple (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and stratified (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional). For each type, it describes the cell morphology, function, and typical locations in the body. Micrographs are included to illustrate the histological appearance of different epithelial tissues. The goal is for students to learn epithelial tissue terminology and be able to identify tissue types under the microscope based on cell features and relate them to organ sites.
This document provides information about animal tissues. It begins by defining tissue as a group of identical cells performing the same function within a matrix. There are four main types of tissues - epithelial, nervous, muscular and connective tissues. Epithelial tissue is composed of closely packed cells that form protective layers. Nervous tissue is made up of neurons and neuroglial cells that generate and transmit nerve impulses. Muscular tissue contains elongated cells called fibers that allow for contraction and relaxation. Connective tissue will be discussed in the next section.
This document discusses different types of epithelial tissues. It defines epithelium and provides terminology used to describe epithelial layers and cell shapes. Several specific types of epithelial tissues are then described, including their structure, function, and location in the body. Simple squamous epithelium lines parts of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in the kidneys. Simple columnar epithelium lines parts of the digestive tract. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the trachea. Stratified squamous epithelium forms the skin and mouth lining. Transitional epithelium is found in the bladder and urethra.
This document summarizes the key aspects of epithelium. It defines epithelium as a tissue composed of closely packed cells with little extracellular matrix. There are several types of epithelium that are classified based on the shape and layering of cells, including simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, and stratified columnar epithelium. The document outlines the locations and functions of each type of epithelium, such as gas exchange, secretion, absorption, and protection of underlying tissues. Epithelial tissues are derived from all three germ layers and contain cell junctions that provide adhesion between cells.
The document describes and compares the different types of connective tissues in the body, including loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, dense connective tissue, cartilage types like hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, bone, and blood. Examples are given of where each tissue is located in the body.
Connective tissue provides structural support for organs and tissues in the body. It is composed of cells and an extracellular matrix containing fibers and ground substance. The three main fiber types are collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers. Collagen is abundant and provides strength, while elastic fibers allow tissues to stretch and return to their original shape. Reticular fibers form networks and support cells. Connective tissue has roles in structure, metabolism, defense, and holds blood vessels. It is derived from mesenchymal cells in embryos.
The document discusses the structure and function of the three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary. It contains long, cylindrical muscle fibers (myocytes) with many nuclei. Cardiac muscle is also striated but involuntary. It forms the walls of the heart and has intercalated discs joining cells end to end. Smooth muscle is not striated and involuntary. It is found in organs and has spindle-shaped cells that appear as discs in cross section.
What structural characteristics did you observe for each type of tis.pdfnaveenkumar29100
What is the probability of having a boy, then a girl, then a boy, and then two girls in that birth
order?
Solution
Probability of boy P(b) = 1/2
and probability of girl is also P(g) = 1/2
as they are the only 2 outcome possible and are equally likely
So probability of having a boy, then a girl, then a boy, and then two girls =
P(b)*P(g)*P(b)*P(g)*P(g)
= 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 *1/2 = 1/32 =0.03125.
This document discusses the different types of connective tissue. It begins by describing the basic components and functions of general connective tissue. The main types of fibers in connective tissue are then outlined as collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers. The document then discusses the different types of specialized connective tissues, including loose and dense connective tissue, blood, and cartilage. It provides detailed descriptions of the composition and features of these specialized connective tissues.
This document provides an overview of epithelial tissue, including its definition, classification, characteristics, and locations in the body. It discusses the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissue, describing the two main types (simple and stratified), their subtypes based on cell shape, and examples of each epithelium's location and function. Key points covered include that epithelial tissue lines surfaces, derives from all germ layers, and lacks blood vessels.
The document provides an eye and ear study guide that summarizes key structures and features. For the eye, it describes the three tunics (layers) that make up the eye wall, as well as internal structures like the aqueous and vitreous compartments, lens, zonular fibers, and retina. It also summarizes key features of the eyelid. For the ear, it outlines the external structures of the auricle and external auditory meatus, as well as the middle ear ossicles and auditory tube, and mentions the two main components of the inner ear.
The male reproductive system consists of external genitals (penis, scrotum) and internal structures (testes, duct system). The testes contain seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs, producing sperm. Leydig cells in the testes secrete testosterone. The duct system transports sperm from the testes to the urethra for ejaculation, consisting of the rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory ducts lined by pseudostratified epithelium. The urethra carries urine and semen.
The document provides information about the endocrine system and several endocrine glands, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands. It describes the general structure and cellular composition of each gland. The pituitary gland has an anterior, intermediate, and posterior region. The thyroid gland contains follicles that store hormones. The parathyroid glands contain chief and oxyphil cells. The adrenal glands have an outer cortex with three zones and an inner medulla.
The urinary system functions to regulate water balance and remove waste from the body. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood to form urine, removing wastes and regulating electrolytes. Urine travels from nephrons through tubules and collecting ducts to the renal pelvis and ureters, then to the bladder for storage and eventual excretion through the urethra. Diseases like amyloidosis, renal infarcts, and polycystic kidney disease can disrupt the kidneys' structure and function.
This document provides a study guide for the digestive system. It outlines various structures and features to identify when examining slides of different parts of the digestive system under a microscope, including:
- The lips, tongue, salivary glands, teeth, soft palate, epiglottis, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and appendix.
- Key features to identify include the epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia, glands, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissue in each region.
- Specific structures like lingual
The document provides details on the structure and function of various parts of the respiratory system.
1) The nasal cavity contains respiratory epithelium lined with ciliated cells and goblet cells that secrete mucus to trap particles. It also contains olfactory epithelium specialized for smell.
2) The pharynx and larynx contain pseudostratified ciliated epithelium for breathing and stratified squamous epithelium to protect from abrasion during swallowing and coughing. The vocal cords contain skeletal muscle to modulate voice.
3) The trachea and bronchi contain ciliated respiratory epithelium, glands, cartilage, and smooth muscle. Their function is to conduct air to and from the
This document provides a study guide for the peripheral nervous system and circulatory system. It begins by describing the general structure of neurons, including the soma, neuronal processes, nucleus, Nissl bodies, neurofibrils, and pigments. It then covers the classification of neurons based on number of processes (pseudounipolar, bipolar, multipolar), shape (pyramidal, pyriform, stellate), and size. Synapses and peripheral nerves including axons, Schwann cells, myelin, and connective tissues are also described.
This document provides information about blood, skin, and lymphoid tissues. It describes the components seen on blood smears including erythrocytes, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. It also discusses blood vessels in organs like the heart and kidney. The document outlines erythropoiesis, granulocytopoiesis, megakaryocytes, and clinical correlations like iron deficiency anemia and sickle cell anemia. Regarding skin, it describes the layers of the epidermis and dermis, features like hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and melanocytes. The hypodermis and pacinian corpuscles are also
This document provides information about different types of cartilage and bone structures seen on histology slides. It describes the key features of hyaline cartilage, including its lack of blood vessels and nutrient exchange by diffusion. It also describes elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, compact bone, trabecular bone, and the two types of ossification - intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Specific structures are identified on various magnifications, such as the perichondrium, lacunae, osteons, trabeculae, growth plates, and zones of ossification.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
2. Collagenous Fibers Cellularity refers to the overall density of cells, and also to the ratio of cells to extracellular components. Connective tissues vary in their degree of cellularity (cell density); note the cellularity in different areas of the slide. Connective tissue is less cellular than epithelial tissue, but it contains many extracellular fibers. You can distinguish extracellular fibers from cells because an extracellular fiber has no nucleus.
3. Elastic Fibers Without the specific stain, you would not be able to distinguish elastic fibers from collagenous fibers. Elastic fibers contain an amorphous core of elastin molecules that are deposited into a scaffold of fibrillinmicrofibrils (EM). The elastin molecules are covalently linked to one another, forming a highly distensible (stretchable) network Variation in fiber size (thickness) In an H&E-stained preparation, the elastic sheets are highly refractile; this means they bend light, and therefore have a glassy appearance, but they are not colored (white arrows in rightmost picture) In an elastic-stained preparation, these same elastic membranes are readily visible as dense black lines
4. Reticular Fibers In many cases, these fibers are composed of Type III collagen. A special, silver-based method (reticular stain) was used to stain the reticular fibers in E-44A and B. Note how the reticular fibers provide a network (50X) in which cells are suspended. Notice that the reticular fibers within the spleen merge with those of the capsule (10X), forming a continuous, 3-dimensional structure that functions as the "skeleton" of the organ.
5. Ground Substance Observe the spaces between cells, the ground substance (*, 20X; 50X), which is composed of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. If these molecules are sulfated, as are the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of cartilage, they stain with basic dyes and exhibit metachromasia (i.e. they look reddish or purple instead of blue). Ground substance also fills the spaces between mesenchymal cells.
7. Fibroblasts In general, fibroblasts are flattened, spindle-shaped cells ((arrows, 100X; EM) vary in morphology. Note that the nucleus is the most visible part of the cell and can be flattened or rounded. In H&E stain, nuclei are stained. Many found in papillary dermis (most superficial layer, directly beneath epidermis)
8. Macrophages These cells are amoeboid and phagocytic. They are quite variable in morphology, but generally have large, oval, pale nuclei, a well-defined cell outline, and a well-stained, abundant cytoplasm. They are most easily recognized when they are filled with ingested material. Also, while they may not have obvious included particles, their cytoplasm often appears perforated and "moth-eaten"
9. Adipocytes Look for the peripherally-located nuclei (100X) of adipocytes. Compare the size of adipocytes to that of red blood cells within the same field of view. (RBCs are about 7 microns in diameter). Note that the adipocytes in these tissue sections have been stained with osmic acid, allowing preservation of lipid in fat vacuoles.
10. Mast Cells Note that the granules from some mast cells have been artifactually released into the surrounding C.T. during preparation Spot mast cells by looking for their dotted granules filling the cell
11. Plasma Cells Look in the connective tissue underlying the mucosal epithelium to find plasma cells. Examine the characteristic eccentric "clock face", or "cartwheel" nucleus of a plasma cell (schematic; arrows, 100X, >>100X; EM). Also note that the Golgi apparatus does not stain with H&E, so it appears as a pale spot near the nucleus; this is a very recognizable characteristic of plasma cells.
12. Reticular Cells Reticular cells synthesize the extracellular fibers that form the support structure for the lymph node. These stellate (star-shaped) cells are surrounded by the reticular fibers, and by lymphocytes. Reticular fibers can only be seen when stained specifically (100X). The reticular cells themselves (100X) are easier to see in the H&E-stained slide, where their long cytoplasmic processes are visible (red arrows) Reticular fibers can be seen stained black as well
13. Embryonic CT- Mesenchyme Look for diffuse, stellate-shaped cells (100X) in a homogeneous ground substance. (LEFT) Embryonic jaw and developing tooth Observe that there are no extracellular fibers in this tissue. The long thin structures between cells are processes of the mesenchymal cells (RIGHT)
14. Embryonic CT- Mucous CT Note the presence of extracellular fibers. Examine the C.P. trichrome stained slide (50X) and convince yourself that the fibers are not processes of the C.T. cells. Mucous C.T. of umbilical cord is also called Wharton's Jelly. Notice that the cells in this tissue are more widely-scattered than in mesenchymal C.T. Umbilical cord
15.
16.
17. Adult CT- Dense Irregular CT Look in the reticular layer of the dermis for this tissue type. Note the density, thickness and disarray of the collagenous fibers (arrows, 50x). Note that cells are relatively sparse in this tissue. Skin of axilla, spleen, long bone The covering of bone (periosteum) has an inner, cellular layer that acts as a reservoir for new bone-producing cells, and an outer fibrous layer made up of dense irregular collagen fibers
18. Adult CT- Dense Regular CT Dense regular CT found in tendons: have strength for stress in a single direction The connective tissue fibers and cells are organized into bundles called subfascicles (5X). Groups of these, in turn, are collected into fascicles. Dense, irregular connective tissue (endotenon) surrounds the subfascicles and fascicles. A thicker C.T. layer, the epitenon, surrounds the entire tendon Longitudinal section
19. Adult CT- Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue is atypical among the connective tissues proper in that it contains more cells and less extracellular matrix. All three fiber types are present: collagenous, elastic and reticular. Notice the typical "chicken-wire" appearance of the adipocytes ( red arrows) when reticular stain used. WHITE FAT BROWN FAT
20. Adult CT- Reticular Tissue The reticular cells are more visible in the H&E-stained slide; look for flattened, pale-staining reticular cells among rounded lymphocytes (red arrows, 50X). The reticular fibers are much more visible in the slide with a reticular stain (40X). Spleen, lymph nodes
22. Clinical Correlation: Connective Tissue Pathology A lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue. A liposarcoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of adipose tissue. A fibroasarcoma is a malignant tumor of connective tissue.
24. Skeletal Muscle: Myofibers Note the dimensions of these very large cells. The cells are multinucleated . Look along the edges of several cells to convince yourself that nuclei are peripherally located. For skeletal muscle, find an area containing cross-sectioned cells and note the peripheral location of the nuclei, and their flattened shape (RIGHT IMAGE, arrows, 100X). In longitudinal sections of skeletal muscle, the nuclei appear elongated. This characteristic is helpful for distinguishing skeletal muscle from cardiac muscle.
25. Skeletal Muscle: Fibroblasts In Between Identify fibroblasts (arrows, 100x) between the muscle fibers. Fibroblast nuclei are flattened, and are well-stained in H&E preparations, while their cytoplasm is lightly stained and therefore difficult to see.
26. Skeletal Muscles: Fascicles and CT Endomysium is connective tissue that surrounds eachmyofiber. It is a fine network of collagenous and reticular fibers with varying amounts of elastic fibers. Some connective tissue (CT) cells, fine capillaries and nerves are also present. Look for an area where individual myofibers have been separated somewhat by tissue preparation. It will be easier to see endomysium in these areas (40X). Study the intercellular spaces for evidence of elastic and collagenous fibers. Identify fibroblasts in this area. These cells are responsible for producing all three C.T. fiber types.
27. Skeletal Muscles: Fascicles and CT Perimysium bundles several myofibers into groups called fascicles. It is a loose, irregularly arranged, predominantly collagenous CT. The CT fibers are considerably coarser than in endomysium. Blood vessels and nerves are distributed throughout the muscle body in the perimysium. Fascicles circled
28. Skeletal Muscles: Fascicles and CT Epimysium is a dense CT sheath that binds fascicles together to form the muscle body. This is termed deep fascia by gross anatomists. The major blood vessels and nerves penetrate through the epimysium.
29. Skeletal Muscles: Fascicles and CT Note how myofibers are grouped into fascicles that run in a variety of directions (1-2-3, 20x).
30. Skeletal Muscles: Fascicles and CT Identify the specific points at which the muscle fibers insert into the tendon, and compare the tendon C.T. (dense regular) and the skeletal muscle (5X, 40X; 1X, 20X). At the precise point of contact between muscle and tendon, the muscle membrane is organized into a series of folds and ridges, providing a larger contact area to withstand the forces exerted on the junction by muscular contraction (40X; *, EM).
31. Skeletal Muscle: Nervous Innervation and Blood Supply Note that nerves and blood vessels (10X) are located predominantly in the loose areolar connective tissue of the perimysium. Identify encapsulated nerve fascicles both in longitudinal (40X) and cross section (40X). Look for nerve branches (arrows, 40X) entering muscle fascicles. Identify smaller blood vessels (arrows) within fascicles (100X). (YELLOW ARROWS) Note the vascularity of the tissue (40X).
32. Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Junction Nerves control the contraction of skeletal muscle. The point of communication is the neuromuscular junction (myoneural junction, endplate); here, the nerve makes a synaptic connection onto the membrane of the muscle fiber. Muscles that require precise control (e.g. oculomotor muscles) have a nerve:myofiber ratio of 1; where precise control is not needed (e.g. latissimus), one nerve fiber will branch to innervate many myofibers. (Silver stain) The mammalian neuromuscular junction uses acetylcholine (ACh) as its neurotransmitter. The postsynaptic cell (a skeletal muscle fiber) limits the action of the transmitter by hydrolysing it with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme embedded in the muscle membrane. AChE can be visualized with a specific cytochemical stain that produces a red precipitate where the enzyme is located
33. Skeletal Muscle: Muscle Spindles Muscle spindles are stretch receptor organs within skeletal muscles that regulate muscle tone. Spindles are encapsulated, lymph-filled, fusiform structures that lie parallel to the skeletal myofibers in connective tissue between bundles of myofibers. They contain two to ten modified muscle fibers, called intrafusal fibers. When a muscle is stretched, the sensory fiber receptors are distorted and stimulated, and the relay of this information leads to muscle contraction. Stretch receptor organs Note the intrafusal fibers (40X) bounded by a discrete connective tissue capsule. Compare this structure with a nerve fasicle.
34. Cardiac Muscle: Myofibers Note that nuclei (arrows, 40X) are centrally located (unlike nuclei in skeletal myofibers, which are periphera), and that each cell has only one or two nuclei. Follow individual cardiac myofibers to identify points at which they branch Identify intercalated discs (arrows, 40X, 100X), which join cells together to form a functional syncytium. (YELLOW ARROWS)
35. Cardiac Muscle: Myofibers Identify cross-striations (100X). (YELLOW CIRCLES) Look near the nuclei for cytoplasm that is free of myofibrils ( 100X); this feature is also characteristic of skeletal muscle. (YELLOW ARROWS)
36. Cardiac Muscle: Purkinje Fibers These modified myofibers are easily found because they contain fewer intracellular filaments than normal cardiac muscle cells do. They function primarily to conduct impulses through the heart muscle, rather than to generate mechanical force.
37. Cardiac Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Endomysium- fine CT fibers between cells Fibroblasts that have manufactured CT fibers of endomysium
38. Cardiac Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Perimysium: Identify irregular cardiac fascicles (10X), bound together by collagenous fibers of the perimysium. Note that the perimysium (40X) is very dense in certain areas, adding to the overall architecture of the heart.
39. Cardiac Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Epimysium: Identify the epimysium at both endocardial (40X) and epicardial (40X) surfaces of the heart.
40. Cardiac Muscle: Innervation and Blood Supply Note that the myocardium has an abundant supply of blood vessels (arrows, 10X). Note the abundance of capillaries (arrows, 40X, 100X) among myofibers. (BLUE ARROWS) 100X 40X
41. Smooth Muscle: Myofibers The myofilaments are not arranged into sarcomeres and myofibrils, and cannot be seen in the light microscope. A single, central nucleus causes the cell to bulge in the middle and take on a fusiform appearance. Smooth muscle cytoplasm contains numerous dense bodies, which are fusiform densities in the sarcoplasm that contain alpha-actinin and that are analogous to Z lines of striated myofibers. These structures serve as anchorage sites for actinmyofilaments. Note that cells are spindle-shaped (40X), and have one centrally located nucleus. No cross striations or myofibrils are present. The nuclei of contracted cells appear crinkled or spiral-shaped (40X), due to contraction of the cells post mortem ("after death")
42. Smooth Muscle: Myofibers Note that the smooth muscle cells (40X) are more densely arranged here. Note the very elongated cells and nuclei (40X).
43. Smooth Muscle vs. CT Smooth muscle (10X) is sometimes confused with connective tissue. In this slide, compare (40X) smooth muscle with adjacent, coarse collagenous connective tissue of the submucosa. Note that the smooth muscle bundles contain many more nuclei than the connective tissue, because the c.t. fibers are extracellular, while the muscle fibers are cells. Compare smooth muscle cells with the characteristic wavy fibers of irregularly arranged connective tissue.
44. Smooth Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Wall of blood vessels Note the circular sheet-like arrangement of smooth muscle cells (1X, 5X, 40X); note that their nuclei are very visible, but their cytoplasmic processes are difficult to see.
45. Smooth Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Wall of ductus deferens and ureter Note that both circular and longitudinal layers are present in the walls of both the ductus deferens (10X, 40X) and the ureter (10X, 40X)
46. Smooth Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Wall of bladder Note that myofibers are arranged here in anastomosing bundles
47. Smooth Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Wall of small intestine Identify inner circular and outer longitudinal layers
48. Smooth Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Wall of uterus The outer wall of the uterus (myometrium) is a thick layer of smooth muscle. In this layer, note that bundles of myofibers in various orientations are interspersed with connective tissue
49. Smooth Muscle: Contractile Units and CT Bundles of smooth muscle myofibers in nipple Arectorpili muscles in scalp Scattered smooth muscles in spleen
51. Distinguishing Muscle Types:CROSS-SECTION 1. Skeletal muscle: Look for large-diameter muscle fibers, connective tissue, and peripherally-placed nuclei, with several nuclei per fiber (cell). 2. Smooth muscle: Individual muscle fibers are usually not visible. If smooth muscle cells are present as bundles or sheets, very little intercellular C.T. is seen. Bundles of cells may have the appearance of "naked" nuclei crowded together, since cells are small and cytoplasm is not readily seen. Since each cell is a fiber, you should see one nucleus per fiber (cell), although plane of section doesn't always permit this. 3. Cardiac muscle: Look for irregularly-sized fibers, smaller than skeletal muscle. Individual muscle fibers may be seen, and may appear vacuolated due to perinuclear cytoplasm. Each nucleus lies in the middle of the fiber (cell). Connective tissue is readily visible.
52. Distinguishing Muscle Types:LONGITUDINAL 1. Cardiac muscle: Look for intercalated discs, longitudinal striations, cross striations, and some connective tissue. 2. Skeletal muscle: Look for prominent cross-striations but no intercalated discs, for nuclei which appear to be on the periphery of the fibers, and for appreciable connective tissue. 3. Smooth muscle: Look for the absence of a pronounced connective tissue sheath. Also, no striations or intercalated discs are present.
53. Distinguishing Smooth Muscle, CT, and Peripheral Nerve 1. Look at the number of nuclei. If you see very few nuclei, then you are looking at connective tissue (i.e. few cells, lots of extracellular fibers). 2. Look at homogeneity of nuclei. If they are all the same, then you are probably looking at smooth muscle. If several different nuclear types are present, then you are probably looking at peripheral nerve. 3. Peripheral nerves have a distinct C.T. sheath (although the sheath may not be in the field of view if you are looking at a photograph). Also, with H&E, peripheral nerve looks ragged or moth-eaten, because holes appear wherever myelin had been located (myelin is not preserved during preparation of H&E-stained sections).
54. Clinical Correlation: Muscle Pathology Muscular dystrophy is a congenital disease in which the skeletal muscle degenerates due to a lack of the protein dystrophin. Denervationatrophy refers to the deterioration of skeletal muscle that occurs when it is deprived of its normal nervous innervation. Poliomyelitisisa condition in which the polio virus infects the spinal cord, causing destruction of motorneurons, and causing degeneration of the skeletal muscle innervated by those motorneurons. Trichinosisis a condition in which skeletal muscle degenerates due to an infection by a parasite found in under-cooked pork.