The document discusses developing a safety education and training program. The key steps are: 1) Identifying the need for training by assessing differences between actual and desired safety performance. This involves discussions with management and employees. 2) Formulating the program aims and objectives, which can be either trainer-oriented or focused on changing learner behavior. 3) Detailing the course contents, which may include topics on management techniques, engineering approaches, and safe work practices. 4) Selecting an appropriate course method such as lectures, discussions, case studies, or demonstrations to suit the objectives and participant level. The goal is to improve safety knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

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Safety Education and Training
Safety education and training program aims at systematic importance of employee’s knowledge,
skill and attitude to perform a given task in the safest manner. By knowledge, we can have
collection of information on safety rules, regulations, statues, standards, safe working methods
and norms, safe working methods and practices, safe operations and processes etc.
The program may be suitably developed to achieve the following results in an organization :-
1) Reduction of accidents
2) Higher productivity.
3) Reduction of scrap and waste and hence cost of job.
4) Quality improvement
5) Low Labour Turnover
6) Improvement of Industrial relation
7) Less supervision.
Development of a program of safety education and training is made by the steps mentioned
below:-
1) Identification of need for training and education.
2) Formulation of the programe aims and objectives.
3) Detailing of the course contents.
4) Selection of the course method.
Identification of the Need
The first step in developing any program is to find its Need. Need for Safety Training and
Education is found based on the difference between the actual performance and the desired
performance in the field of safety. Taking into consideration of the present performance and the
expected performance need for training and education is to discern.
1) Category of personnel in the organization who need to be educated and trained e.g.
Managers, Supervisors, engineers, technicians, craftsman, electrical staff, operatives etc.
2) Area to be covered for safety training and education e.g. plants, departments, sections,
machines, equipment, methods, operations, process etc.
For assessing the need of a safety training and education program the following techniques are
adopted to collect some information in the field of safety engineering and management.
1) Discussion with top management : The problem faced by the management in the field
of safety. High accident rate, frequency rate, severity rate, accident per thousand workers
/ employees as well as department, operation, maintenance etc. atemts are made to get the
answers to the question like:-

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1) Does the management believe on safety and health of the employees and show
interest to maintain safe working environment.
2) Has the company made any attempt for prevention of accidents? If so, how far it
is effective?
3) Is the management desirous of maintaining only the minim um statistics on safety
and health of its employees? If not, up to what extent?
4) Does the company show apathy or negative attitude towards safety?
5) Has the company failed to achieve fruitful result in safety even after respective
attempt?
6) Does the management lack in motivating the people towards safety?
7) Has the company assigned the job of safety to a separate department with a safety
specialist or a professional? If so, at which level?
Likewise various questions are w.r.t administrative policies, procedures to find out
lacunae in the field of safety.
2) Discussion / interview with the junior executives: Meeting should be held with the
supervisors, front line managers of the various department on safety related problems
like:-
1) Do the supervisors and the front line managers believe on safety? If so, what role
should they play in safety?
2) Do the supervisors and the front line managers get support from the top
management to create and maintain safe and healthy work atmosphere? If so, up
to what extent?
3) Can the junior executives effectively communicate safety message of the
company to their workers? If not, what are the barriers?
4) Do the workers pay due attention to the safety message and perform tasks
accordingly? If not, why?
5) Do the workers show hostile attitude towards safety instruction or message e.g.
too critic, over confided, egotistical, apathetic etc.
6) Do the supervisors and the workers maintain harmonical relation in
accomplishment of a task? If no, what is the constraint?

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7) Can the executives effectively motivate their workers towards safety? If not,
factors de-motivate them?
8) Do the workers feel that the voice of the supervisors is the voice of the
management?
Need is thus established to identify:-
a) The area of training – to cover certain section, department, plant, machinery,
equipment etc.
b) The level of participants – workers, middle management and top management
personnel,
Formulation of the Aims and Objectives
Having established the need for safety education and training program, the next step for
development of a program is the formulation of its aims and objectives. They are
considered as very important factors being the starting point in designing any program.
 Aims should be Trainer oriented or learner behavior pattern.
 In the trainer-oriented pattern, emphasis is given on the input side of the training
and the trainer expresses his expectation that the learner will be able to achieve
result at the end of his training. i.e. the trainer will expect that in a supervisory
training program, the participants, after the course is over, will implement the safe
methods, safe procedures, maintain safe work environment, motivate their
subordinates effectively, improve the job knowledge and skill and so on.
 In the learner behavior pattern of aim, emphasis is given to ensure that the learner
is really capable of doing things at the end of course.
Details of the Course Contents
After defining the program objectives, the next step is the development of the course
contents. Contents of the Course are dependent on:-
a) The type of safety program-
 Induction Course
 Refresher course
 Appreciation course,
 Job orientation course etc.
b) Area to be covered like-
 Management Technique
 Engineering approach

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c) In general, contents of a safety training course, is to give stress on human side of
safety, motivation to safety and managing safety for senior executive level.
d) For junior executive level, topics should be chosen to emphasis on supervisory
skill and development in safety engineering.
e) Subjects for workers training should include topics to develop safe work habits,
knowledge and skill in his operation area.
The following course contents may be considered useful for all industries with
suitable modifications:-
For Top Managements
1) Need for safety
2) Principles of Accident Prevention
3) Safety Vs. Productivity
4) Cost of accidents
5) Managing safety practices.
6) Managing safety principle
7) Human side of safety.
For Middle Management / Junior Executives / Supervisors
1) Need for safety
2) Introduction to safety
3) Common Causes of Accidents in the plant.
4) Safety in the use of machine
5) Safety in Material Handling
6) Hazard Analysis Technique
7) Accident reporting and analysis
8) Role of Supervisors in safety
9) Machine guarding
10) PPEs
11) Fire Prevention and control
12) Motivation to safety
13) Company’s rules and practices.
For Workers
1) Need for safety
2) Safe working in machines
3) Housekeeping Vs safety
4) Safe working with hand tools
5) Use of PPEs
6) Do’s and Don’ts for specific operation / processes
7) Safety in welding operation
8) Role of workers in safety
9) Fire fighting
10) First Aid

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Selection of Course Method
The program may be conducted on the job in the workshop, in a classroom, conference hall with
or without audio visual.
Various methods of training like seminar, workshop, group discussion, case studies, etc. are
utilized as per the aims and objectives of the course as well as the nature and level of
participants.
It is the trainer who is to decide which particular method will be most suitable for a given
courses. Different methods adopted to conduct a course, may be of the following types:-
Lecture Method
It is a straight talk where a large amount of material can be covered in a short ime for a
large number of participants. Disadvantage of lecturing method is that scope of feedback
from the learner is less and not immediate.
Discussion Session
It is done with question answer session with comments where the trainer and the learners
come closer to each other. Discussion stimulates interest and generates constructive
thought amongst the participants. Discussion may be syndicate type or panel type.
In syndicate type, participants are divided into groups, to study an assigned task on
safety problems by exchange of views, experience and opinions of the individual member
and a compiled report is presented by the group leader for discussion and constructive
comments.
In panel type a group of trainers from specific field of safety and health discuss the
subjects among the participants including themselves to solve the problems of the
learners.
Discussion may be of conference type or brain storming type.
In the conference type discussion, problem is given in advance for studying and the
solution is obtained in the actual discussion with the participants.
In the brain storming as many ideas as possible are collected from the learners and
every alternate solution is evaluated on the basis of its merits and demerits.
Case Studies
Here the actual case history with all past events and happenings are presented to the
participants with explanation. It is discussed to develop analytical skill and detect
variables and modify attitude towards safe practices. Such method provide scope for
active participation in decision making on safety problems.
Role Planning
In this group members learn from watching the performance of the actors. This method of
training provides short lived changed attitude of the player with predominant emotions.
Its stimulate interest on the part of the participants who can actively join. Here success
depends on the imagination of the players.
Demonstration
Means display of materials, machines, equipment, model with or without panels, chart,
graphs, poster, slogan etc. on safety are used for explaining techniques, methods and

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arrangement of work. Learners are asked here to try out or practices. It involves more
time but covers large group of learners.
Quality of Trainer : Trainer should have the following qualities:-
1) Knowledge of related job and correct communication
2) Knowledge of learners – some bio-data and nature of the participants i.e. whether
overconfident, nervous, hesitant etc.
3) Capable of clear expression – easily convincible with no confusion.
4) Have a sense of Humor – to make a friendly and favourable learning climate for the
learner to relax.
5) Capable of building self esteem – to develop a feeling of personal worth.
6) Have knowledge of human behavior.
Point to Remember
Training program on safety imparts knowledge and improve skill and attitude of people
in their area of operation. It ultimately leads to higher productivity by improving working
condition and reducing losses due to accidents or wastes.
Developing a Training Program means:-
a) Identifying Training Needs
b) Fixing of Aims and Objectives
c) Detailing the Course outline
d) Selection the Course Method